Bacteria and Archaea in acidic environments and a key to morphological identification
E. I. Robbins
2000, Hydrobiologia (433) 61-89
Natural and anthropogenic acidic environments are dominated by bacteria and Archaea. As many as 86 genera or species have been identified or isolated from pH <4.5 environments. This paper reviews the worldwide literature and provide tables of morphological characteristics, habitat information and a key for light microscope identification for the...
Acoustic properties of a crack containing magmatic or hydrothermal fluids
Hiroyuki Kumagai, B. A. Chouet
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 25493-25512
We estimate the acoustic properties of a crack containing magmatic or hydrothermal fluids to quantify the source properties of long-period (LP) events observed in volcanic areas assuming that a crack-like structure is the source of LP events. The tails of synthetic waveforms obtained from a model of a fluid-driven crack...
Distribution of recoveries of Steller's Eiders banded on the lower Alaska Peninsula, Alaska
C.P. Dau, Paul L. Flint, Margaret R. Petersen
2000, Journal of Field Ornithology (71) 541-548
Molting adult Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) were banded at Izembek Lagoon (1961-1998) and Nelson Lagoon (1995-1997) along the lower Alaska Peninsula to determine breeding distribution and movements. Of 52,985 Steller's Eiders banded, 347 were recovered. The overall low recovery rate may not be indicative of harvest levels but may be...
Orbital and suborbital variability in North Atlantic bottom water temperature obtained from deep-sea ostracod Mg/Ca ratios
T. M. Cronin, G. S. Dwyer, P.A. Baker, J. Rodriguez-Lazaro, D.M. DeMartino
2000, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (162) 45-57
Magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios were measured in the deep-sea ostracod (Crustacea) genus Krithe from Chain core 82-24-4PC from the western mid-Atlantic Ridge (3427 m) in order to estimate ocean circulation and bottom water temperature (BWT) variability over the past 200,000 years. Mg/Ca ratios have been used as a paleothermometer because the ratios...
Mercury mine drainage and processes that control its environmental impact
J. J. Rytuba
2000, Science of the Total Environment (260) 57-71
Mine drainage from mercury mines in the California Coast Range mercury mineral belt is an environmental concern because of its acidity and high sulfate, mercury, and methylmercury concentrations. Two types of mercury deposits are present in the mineral belt, silica-carbonate and hot-spring type. Mine drainage is associated with both deposit...
Seasonal movement of brown trout in a southern appalachian river
K.H. Burrell, J. Jeffery Isely, D.B. Bunnell Jr., D. H. Van Lear, C.A. Dolloff
2000, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (129) 1373-1379
Radio telemetry was used to evaluate the seasonal movement, activity level, and home range size of adult brown trout Salmo trutta in the Chattooga River watershed, one of the southernmost coldwater stream systems in the United States. In all, 27 adult brown trout (262-452 mm total length) were successfully monitored...
Sampling for mercury at subnanogram per litre concentrations for load estimation in rivers
J.A. Colman, R.F. Breault
2000, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (57) 1073-1079
Estimation of constituent loads in streams requires collection of stream samples that are representative of constituent concentrations, that is, composites of isokinetic multiple verticals collected along a stream transect. An all-Teflon isokinetic sampler (DH-81) cleaned in 75??C, 4 N HCl was tested using blank, split, and replicate samples to assess...
Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses
Debi Kilb, J. Gomberg, P. Bodin
2000, Nature (408) 570-574
It is thought that small 'static' stress changes due to permanent fault displacement can alter the likelihood of, or trigger, earthquakes on nearby faults. Many studies of triggering in the nearfield, particularly of aftershocks, rely on these static changes as the triggering agent and consider them only in terms of...
Modeling regional salinization of the Ogallala aquifer, Southern High Plains, TX, USA
S. Mehta, A.E. Fryar, R.M. Brady, R. H. Morin
2000, Journal of Hydrology (238) 44-64
Two extensive plumes (combined area > 1000 km2) have been delineated within the Ogallala aquifer in the Southern High Plains, TX, USA. Salinity varies within the plumes spatially and increases with depth; Cl ranges from 50 to >500 mg 1-1. Variable-density flow modeling using SUTRA has identified three broad regions...
Stage boundary recognition in the Eastern Americas realm based on rugose corals
W. A. Oliver Jr.
2000, CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 57-63
Most Devonian stages contain characteristic coral assemblages but these tend to be geographically and facies limited and may or may not be useful for recognising stage boundaries. Within eastern North America, corals contribute to the recognition of two boundaries: the base of the Lochkovian (Silurian-Devonian boundary) and the base of...
Katmai volcanic cluster and the great eruption of 1912
W. Hildreth, J. Fierstein
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 1594-1620
In June 1912, the world's largest twentieth century eruption broke out through flat-lying sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age near the base of Trident volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. The 60 h ash-flow and Plinian eruptive sequence excavated and subsequently backfilled with ejecta a flaring funnel-shaped vent since called Novarupta. The...
Relations between the detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in surface and ground water and its content in gasoline
M.J. Moran, M.J. Halde, R.M. Clawges, J.S. Zogorski
2000, Conference Paper, ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts
The relations between the content of MTBE in gasoline and the detection frequency of MTBE in ground and surface water were analyzed using the percent by volume of MTBE in gasoline provided by NIPER. For groundwater, 21 metropolitan areas had information on detection frequency and percent volume of MTBE in...
Time-averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay
J. A. Robbins, C. Holmes, R. Halley, Michael H. Bothner, E. Shinn, J. Graney, G. Keeler, M. TenBrink, K.A. Orlandini, D. Rudnick
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (105) 28805-28821
Recent, unmixed sediments from mud banks of central Florida Bay were dated using 210Pb/226Ra, and chronologies were verified by comparing sediment lead temporal records with Pb/Ca ratios in annual layers of coral (Montastrea annularis) located on the ocean side of the Florida Keys. Dates of sediment lead peaks (1978±2) accord...
A hybrid orographic plus statistical model for downscaling daily precipitation in northern California
G.R. Pandey, D.R. Cayan, M. D. Dettinger, K.P. Georgakakos
2000, Journal of Hydrometeorology (1) 491-506
A hybrid (physical–statistical) scheme is developed to resolve the finescale distribution of daily precipitation over complex terrain. The scheme generates precipitation by combining information from the upper-air conditions and from sparsely distributed station measurements; thus, it proceeds in two steps. First, an initial estimate of the precipitation is made using a...
Late Pleistocene granodiorite beneath Crater Lake caldera, Oregon, dated by ion microprobe
C. R. Bacon, H.M. Persing, J. L. Wooden, T. R. Ireland
2000, Geology (28) 467-470
Variably melted granodiorite blocks ejected during the Holocene caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama were plucked from the walls of the climactic magma chamber at ∼5 km depth. Ion-microprobe U-Pb dating of zircons from two unmelted granodiorite blocks with SHRIMP RG (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–reverse geometry) gives a nominal 238U/206Pb age of<div...
Preface paper to the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program special issue
D.C. Goodrich, A. Chehbouni, B. Goff, B. MacNish, T. Maddock, S. Moran, W.J. Shuttleworth, D. G. Williams, C. Watts, L.H. Hipps, D.I. Cooper, J. Schieldge, Y.H. Kerr, H. Arias, M. Kirkland, R. Carlos, P. Cayrol, W. Kepner, B. Jones, R. Avissar, A. Begue, J.-M. Bonnefond, G. Boulet, B. Branan, J.P. Brunel, L.C. Chen, T. Clarke, M.R. Davis, H. DeBruin, G. Dedieu, E. Elguero, W.E. Eichinger, J. Everitt, J. Garatuza-Payan, V.L. Gempko, H. Gupta, C. Harlow, O. Hartogensis, M. Helfert, C. Holifield, D. Hymer, A. Kahle, T. Keefer, S. Krishnamoorthy, J.-P. Lhomme, J.-P. Lagouarde, Seen D. Lo, D. Luquet, R. Marsett, B. Monteny, W. Ni, Y. Nouvellon, R. Pinker, C. Peters, D. Pool, J. Qi, S. Rambal, J. Rodriguez, F. Santiago, E. Sano, S.M. Schaeffer, M. Schulte, R. Scott, X. Shao, K.A. Snyder, S. Sorooshian, C.L. Unkrich, M. Whitaker, I. Yucel
2000, Conference Paper, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
The Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere Program (SALSA) is a multi-agency, multi-national research effort that seeks to evaluate the consequences of natural and human-induced environmental change in semi-arid regions. The ultimate goal of SALSA is to advance scientific understanding of the semi-arid portion of the hydrosphere-biosphere interface in order to provide reliable information...
Unusual July 10, 1996, rock fall at Happy Isles, Yosemite National Park, California
G. F. Wieczorek, J.B. Snyder, R. B. Waitt, M.M. Morrissey, R. A. Uhrhammer, E. L. Harp, R.D. Norris, M.I. Bursik, L.G. Finewood
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 75-85
Effects of the July 10, 1996, rock fall at Happy Isles in Yosemite National Park, California, were unusual compared to most rock falls. Two main rock masses fell about 14 s apart from a 665-m-high cliff southeast of Glacier Point onto a talus slope above Happy Isles in the eastern...
Spreading volcanoes
A. Borgia, P.T. Delaney, R.P. Denlinger
2000, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (28) 539-570
As volcanoes grow, they become ever heavier. Unlike mountains exhumed by erosion of rocks that generally were lithified at depth, volcanoes typically are built of poorly consolidated rocks that may be further weakened by hydrothermal alteration. The substrates upon which volcanoes rest, moreover, are often sediments lithified by no more...
Effects of a spring flushing flow on the distribution of radio-tagged juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater
D.G. Simpkins, W.A. Hubert, Thomas A. Wesche
2000, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (20) 546-551
The controlled release of dammed water, designed to produce a flushing flow that would remove fine sediments from spawning habitat in a flow-regulated river, did not displace juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (20-25 cm total length) downstream. Of eight naturally spawned (wild) and nine hatchery fish that were radio-tagged, only...
A model for the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Mount Rainier, Washington, from seismic and geochemical observations
S.C. Moran, D. R. Zimbelman, S. D. Malone
2000, Bulletin of Volcanology (61) 425-436
Mount Rainier is one of the most seismically active volcanoes in the Cascade Range, with an average of one to two high-frequency volcano-tectonic (or VT) earthquakes occurring directly beneath the summit in a given month. Despite this level of seismicity, little is known about its cause. The VT earthquakes occur...
Lichens of Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, westernmost Alaska Peninsula
Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra Looman Talbot, John W. Thomson, Wilfred B. Schofield
2000, Bryologist (103) 379-389
One hundred eighty-two taxa of lichens including two lichen parasites are reported from Izembek National Wildlife Refuge on the tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Metasphaeria tartarina is new to North America; Scoliciosporum umbrinum is new to Alaska. Wide-ranging, arctic-alpine, and boreal species dominate the lichen flora; a coastal element is...
Addendum to `numerical modeling of an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system'
T.J. Cui, W.C. Chew, A.A. Aydiner, D.L. Wright, D.V. Smith, J.D. Abraham
2000, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (42) 54-57
Two numerical models to simulate an enhanced very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system that is used for buried-object detection and environmental problems are presented. In the first model, the transmitting and receiving loop antennas accurately analyzed using the method of moments (MoM), and then conjugate gradient (CG) methods with...
The statistics and kinematics of transverse sand bars on an open coast
K.M. Konicki, R.A. Holman
2000, Marine Geology (169) 69-101
Ten years (1987-1996) of time exposure video images of the nearshore region at Duck, NC were used to study transverse sand bars, bathymetric features of intermediate length scales (10-200 m) oriented oblique or perpendicular to the shoreline. These transverse sand bars extend seaward from both the shoreline (trough transverse bars)...
Aerial-Photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers
Wen-June Su, Christopher Stohr
2000, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (6) 311-323
A landslide inventory was conducted along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the New Madrid Seismic Zone of southern Illinois, between the towns of Olmsted and Chester, Illinois. Aerial photography and field reconnaissance identified 221 landslides of three types: rock/debris falls, block slides, and undifferentiated rotational/translational slides. Most of the...
Glacial and nonglacial sediment contributions to Wisconsin episode loess in the Central United States
D.A. Grimley
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 1475-1495
The relative contributions of various glacial and nonglacial sediments to Wisconsin Episode loess units along the lower Illinois and central Mississippi Valleys are estimated on the basis of a comparison of magnetic susceptibility and silt and clay mineralogy. A mathematical method of source area calculation, using four compositional parameters, was...
