Effect of whole catchment liming on the episodic acidification of two Adirondack streams
R. M. Newton, Douglas A. Burns, V. L. Blette, C. T. Driscoll
1996, Biogeochemistry (32) 299-322
During the fall of 1989 7.7Mg/ha of calcium carbonate was applied on two tributary catchments (40 ha and 60 ha) to Woods Lake, a small (25 ha) acidic headwater lake in the western Adirondack region of New York. Stream-water chemistry in both catchment tributaries responded immediately. Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased...
Population delineation of polar bears using satellite collar data
R. Bethke, Mitchell K. Taylor, Steven C. Amstrup, Francois Messier
1996, Ecological Applications (6) 311-317
To produce reliable estimates of the size or vital rates of a given population, it is important that the boundaries of the population under study are clearly defined. This is particularly critical for large, migratory animals where levels of sustainable harvest are based on these estimates, and where small errors...
Science and management of Rocky Mountain grizzly bears
D.J. Mattson, S. Herrero, R.G. Wright, C. M. Pease
1996, Conservation Biology (10) 1013-1025
The science and management of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Rocky Mountains of North America have spawned considerable conflict and controversy. Much of this can be attributed to divergent public values, but the narrow perceptions and incomplete and fragmented problem definitions of those involved have exacerbated an inherently...
Otoliths reveal a diverse age structure for humper lake trout in Lake Superior
Mary K. Burnham-Curtis, Charles R. Bronte
1996, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (125) 844-851
Humpers are one of at least three morphological variants of wild lake trout Salvelinus namaycush that maintain self-sustaining populations in Lake Superior. In an early study, bumpers from Isle Royale were shown to have a sharply truncated age distribution that was attributed to high mortality after age 11, but we suspected that...
Factors leading to different viability predictions for a grizzly bear data set
L. S. Mills, S.G. Hayes, M.J. Wisdom, J. Citta, D.J. Mattson, K. Murphy
1996, Conservation Biology (10) 863-873
Population viability analysis programs are being used increasingly in research and management applications, but there has not been a systematic study of the congruence of different program predictions based on a single data set. We performed such an analysis using four population viability analysis computer programs: GAPPS, INMAT, RAMAS/AGE, and...
Chemical solute mass balance of Crater Lake, Oregon
Peter O. Nelson, J.F. Reilly, Gary L. Larson
1996, Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management (12) 248-258
Crater Lake covers the floor of the caldera at the top of Mount Mazama. Surrounded by steep walls, the water surface of the lake occupies 78 percent of the catchment basin. No major rivers empty into the lake, and there is no surface outlet Based on a chemical solute mass...
Bathythermal distribution, maturity, and growth of lake trout strains stocked in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 1978-1993
Joseph H. Elrod, Robert O’Gorman, Clifford P. Schneider
1996, Journal of Great Lakes Research (22) 722-743
Bathythermal distributions, sexual maturity, and growth of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) strains stocked in Lake Ontario were determined for fish collected with trawls and gill nets in 1978-93. The purpose was to augment the basis for deciding which strains to continue stocking in an effort to reestablish a self-sustaining...
A new assay for quantifying brown algal phlorotannins and comparisons to previous methods
J.L. Stern, A.E. Hagerman, P.D. Steinberg, F.C. Winter, J. A. Estes
1996, Journal of Chemical Ecology (22) 1273-1293
Quantitative measurement of phlorotannins (polyphenolics) in brown algae (Phaeophyta) by colorimetric assays can be confounded because: (1) most such assays also react to nonphlorotannin substances (interferences) and (2) the appropriate reference compound for such assays is not always clear, although phloroglucinol is typically used. We developed a new assay in...
The 1993 Mississippi river flood: A one hundred or a one thousand year event?
B.D. Malamud, D.L. Turcotte, C.C. Barton
1996, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2) 479-486
Power-law (fractal) extreme-value statistics are applicable to many natural phenomena under a wide variety of circumstances. Data from a hydrologic station in Keokuk, Iowa, shows the great flood of the Mississippi River in 1993 has a recurrence interval on the order of 100 years using power-law statistics applied to partial-duration...
Federal-state aquaculture drug registration partnership: A success story in the making
R. A. Schnick, W.H. Gingerich, K.H. Koltes
1996, Fisheries (21) 4-4
During the past 20 years, aquaculture has grown both as a vital tool for fisheries management and as a viable industry. But now a crisis has arisen from the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) increased regulation of drug use in aquaculture in response to public concerns about human...
A comparison of solids collected in sediment traps and automated water samplers
L.A. Bartsch, R.G. Rada, J.F. Sullivan
1996, Hydrobiologia (323) 61-66
Sediment traps are being used in some pollution monitoring programs in the USA to sample suspended solids for contaminant analyses. This monitoring approach assumes that the characteristics of solids obtained in sediment traps are the same as those collected in whole-water sampling devices. We tested this...
Prevention of zebra mussel infestation and dispersal during aquaculture operations
D. L. Waller, S.W. Fisher, H. Dabrowska
1996, Progressive Fish-Culturist (58) 77-84
The zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, an exotic invasive species, poses a major threat to North American fish management programs and the aquaculture industry. Fish hatcheries may become infected with zebra mussels from a variety of sources, including the water supply, fish shipments, boats, and equipment. The hatcheries could then serve as...
Rheology of water ices V and VI
W.B. Durham, L.A. Stern, S. H. Kirby
1996, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (101) 2989-3001
We have measured the mechanical strength (σ) of pure water ices V and VI under steady state deformation conditions. Constant displacement rate compressional tests were conducted in a gas apparatus at confining pressures from 400 < P < 800 MPa, temperatures from 209 < T < 270 K, and strain rates 7 × 10−7 < <img...
Simulation of spring discharge from a limestone aquifer in Iowa, USA
Y.-K. Zhang, E.-W. Bai, R. Libra, R. Rowden, H. Liu
1996, Hydrogeology Journal (4) 41-54
A lumped-parameter model and least-squares method were used to simulate temporal variations of discharge from Big Spring, Iowa, USA, from 1983 to 1994. The simulated discharge rates poorly match the observed one when precipitation is taken as the sole input. The match is improved significantly when...
Seasonal bathymetric distributions of 16 fishes in Lake Superior, 1958-75
James H. Selgeby, Michael H. Hoff
1996, Biological Science Report 7
The bathymetric distributions of fishes in Lake Superior, which is one of the largest and deepest lakes in the world, has not been studied on a lakewide scale. Knowledge about the bathymetric distributions will aid in designing fish sampling programs, estimating absolute abundances, and modeling energy flow in the...
Mineralogy and petrology of cretaceous subsurface lamproite sills, southeastern Kansas, USA
R.L. Cullers, M. J. Dorais, P. Berendsen, Sambhudas Chaudhuri
1996, LITHOS (38) 185-206
Cores and cuttings of lamproite sills and host sedimentary country rocks in southeastern Kansas from up to 312 m depth were analyzed for major elements in whole rocks and minerals, certain trace elements in whole rocks (including the REE) and Sr isotopic composition of the whole rocks. The lamproites are...
The imaging node for the Planetary Data System
E. M. Eliason, S.K. LaVoie, L.A. Soderblom
1996, Planetary and Space Science (44) 23-32
The Planetary Data System Imaging Node maintains and distributes the archives of planetary image data acquired from NASA's flight projects with the primary goal of enabling the science community to perform image processing and analysis on the data. The Node provides direct and easy access to the digital image archives...
Simulation of phosphate transport in sewage-contaminated groundwater, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
K.G. Stollenwerk
1996, Applied Geochemistry (11) 317-324
Sewage-contaminated groundwater currently discharges to Ashumet Pond, located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Phosphate concentrations as high as 60 μmol l−1 have been measured in groundwater entering Ashumet Pond, and there is concern that the rate of eutrophication could increase. Phosphate in the sewage...
Air pollutant intrusion into the Wieliczka Salt Mine
L.G. Salmon, G.R. Cass, R. Kozlowski, A. Hejda, E.C. Spiker, A. L. Bates
1996, Environmental Science & Technology (30) 872-880
The Wieliczka Salt Mine World Cultural Heritage Site contains many rock salt sculptures that are threatened by water vapor condensation from the mine ventilation air. Gaseous and particulate air pollutant concentrations have been measured both outdoors and within the Wieliczka Salt Mine, along with pollutant deposition fluxes to surfaces within...
Distribution of nitrate and orthophosphate in selected streams in Central Nebraska
R.A. Boyd
1996, Water Resources Bulletin (32) 1247-1257
The Central Nebraska Basins is one of 60 study units in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The study unit includes the Platte River and two major tributaries, the Loup and Elkhorn Rivers. Agriculture is the predominant land use in the study unit, with only eight...
Kriging: Understanding allays intimidation
Ricardo A. Olea
1996, Fluoride (29) 175-176
In 1938 Daniel Gerhardus "Danie" Krige obtained an undergraduate degree in mining engineering and started a brilliant career centered on analyzing the gold and uranium mines in the Witwatersrand conglomerates of South Africa. He became interested in the disharmony between the poor reliability of reserve estimation reports and the magnitude...
Occurrence of pesticides in ground water of the Ozark Plateaus Province
J.C. Adamski, A.L. Pugh
1996, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (32) 97-105
Pesticides were detected in ground-water samples collected from 20 springs and nine wells in the Ozark Plateaus Province of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. From April through September 1993, water samples were collected from 50 shallow domestic wells and 50 springs in the Springfield Plateau...
Mg- and K-bearing borates and associated evaporites at Eagle Borax spring, Death Valley, California: A spectroscopic exploration
J.K. Crowley
1996, Economic Geology (91) 622-635
Efflorescent crusts at the Eagle Borax spring in Death Valley, California, contain an array of rare Mg and K borate minerals, several of which are only known from one or two other localities. The Mg- and/or K-bearing borates include aristarainite, hydroboracite, kaliborite, mcallisterite, pinnoite, rivadavite, and santite. Ulexite and probertite...
Holocene paleoseismicity, temporal clustering, and probabilities of future large (M > 7) earthquakes on the Wasatch fault zone, Utah
J.P. McCalpin, S.P. Nishenko
1996, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (101) 6233-6253
The chronology of M > 7 paleoearthquakes on the central five segments of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) is one of the best dated in the world and contains 16 earthquakes in the past 5600 years with an average repeat time of 350 years. Repeat times for individual segments vary by a...
Assessment of a ground water flow model of the Bangkok Basin, Thailand, using carbon-14-based ages and paleohydrology
W. E. Sanford, S. Buapeng
1996, Hydrogeology Journal (4) 26-40
A study was undertaken to understand the groundwater flow conditions in the Bangkok Basin, Thailand, by comparing 14C-based and simulated groundwater ages. 14C measurements were made on about 50 water samples taken from wells throughout the basin. Simulated ages were obtained using 1) backward-pathline tracking based on the...
