The association of water chemistry variables and fish condition in streams of Shenandoah National Park (USA)
T.E. Dennis, S.E. MacAvoy, M.B. Steg, A.J. Bulger
1995, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (85) 365-370
As part of the “Shenandoah National Park: Fish in Sensitive Habitats” (SNP:FISH) project, the blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) was utilized as an indicator species to assess the susceptibility of the ichthyofaunal community of Shenandoah National Park (USA) to acidification. Water chemistry (ANC, conductivity, pH, and concentrations of Ca2+,...
Modeling and predicting intertidal variations of the salinity field in the Bay/Delta
Noah Knowles, Reginald J. Uncles
1995, Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter 8-10
San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta have challenged estuarine modelers for some years. Accurate, broad-scale models of this estuary have been in demand by those concerned with its ecological health and the development of sound management policies. A description and better understanding of the dynamics that govern the...
Fluorspar
M. Miller
1995, Mining Engineering (47) 544-545
The production, consumption, and applications of fluorspar are reviewed. In 1994, the U.S. exported about 45 kt of fluorspar, but, according to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 493 kt were imported during the same period. Consumption, according to preliminary figures from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, was about 473...
Modeling of multiphase multicontaminant transport in the subsurface
T.F. Russell
1995, Reviews of Geophysics (33) 1035-1047
This review addresses modeling of subsurface hydrological systems in which contaminants are transported in more than one fluid phase. The primary focus is on problems involving nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs), a dynamic gas phase, or both, so that the unsaturated and saturated zones are both discussed. Basic research in simpler settings...
Heavy metals in seaducks and mussels from Misty Fjords National Monument in southeast Alaska
J. C. Franson, P.S. Koehl, D.V. Derksen, T.C. Rothe, C.M. Bunck, John F. Moore
1995, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (36) 149-167
Quartz Hill, in Misty Fjords National Monument near Ketchikan, Alaska, is the site of a proposed molybdenum-producing mine. To provide baseline data for use in post-development comparisons, we analyzed tissues of Barrow's goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica), common mergansers (Mergus merganser), and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) for seven heavy metals that could...
Beach-steps: An evolutionary perspective
B.O. Bauer, J.R. Allen
1995, Marine Geology (123) 143-166
Field observation of contrasting beach-step behavior at Canaveral National Seashore on two subsequent days when incident-wave conditions in the inner surf zone were similar prompted this re-examination of our conceptual and quantitative understanding of beach steps. These lower-foreshore features are more complex...
[Book review] The Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology and Behavior in the Suburbs and Countryside, by Frederick Gehlback
D.C. Hahn
1995, Wildlife Review (250) 454-454
Review of: Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior in the Suburbs and Countryside. Frederick R. Gehlbach. Issue 16; Issue 2008 of W. L. Moody Jr. Natural History Series. Texas A&M University Press; 1st edition (November 1994). ISBN: 0890966095. For ornithologists and ecologists alike, Fred Gehlbach's book promises to...
Secondary toxicity in raptors caused by white phosphorus
D. W. Sparling
1995, Book chapter, Global Environmental Protection: Science, Politics, and Common Sense, Second SETAC world congress (16th annual meeting). Abstract Book
White phosphorus (WP) has caused waterfowl die-offs in a tidal saltmarsh used by the U.S. Army for artillery practice for > 40 years. Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)and golden (Aquila chrysaetos) eagles have been observed feeding on dead and dying waterfowl on the marsh and may be exposed to WP through...
Ecotoxicological damage from zinc smelting at Palmerton, Pennsylvania
W. Nelson Beyer, Gerald L. Storm
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
The two zinc smelters at Palmerton, PA emitted huge amounts of contaminants ( 260,000 t of Zn, 3,300 t of Cd, 6,800 t of Pb) to the air and severely damaged the forest on Blue Mountain. The high Zn concentrations in soil killed tree seedlings by inhibiting root elongation. The...
Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994
Saeid Tadayon
1995, Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4270
Controlled artificial recharge of surface runoff is being considered as a water-management technique to address the problem of ground-water overdraft. The planned use of recharge facilities in urban areas has caused concern about the quality of urban runoff to be recharged and the potential for ground-water contamination. The proposed recharge...
Location and site characteristics of the ambient ground-water-quality-monitoring network in West Virginia
M.D. Kozar, D.P. Brown
1995, Open-File Report 95-130
Ground-water-quality-monitoring sites have been established in compliance with the 1991 West Virginia "Groundwater Protection Act." One of the provisions of the "Groundwater Protection Act" is to conduct ground-water sampling, data collection, analyses, and evaluation with sufficient frequency so as to ascertain the characteristics and quality of ground water and...
Geohydrology and water quality of the Durham Center Area, Durham, Connecticut
R.L. Melvin, J. R. Stone, P. A. Craft, J.W. Lane Jr., B.S. Davies III
1995, Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4237
Contaminated ground water is widespread and persistent beneath the Durham Center area in the town of Durham, Conn. Most of the contaminants are organic halides, usually trichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethene. Less extensive chemical contamination of surface water, soil, and glacial sediments also has been detected. Two manufacturing companies, located at...
The generation of oceanic rhyolites by crystal fractionation: the basalt-rhyolite association at Volcán Alcedo, Galápagos archipelago
Dennis Geist, Keith A. Howard, Peter Larson
1995, Journal of Petrology (36) 965-982
Alcedo volcano is one of six shield volcanoes on Isabela Island in the western Galápagos Islands. Although Alcedo is dominantiy basaltic, it is unusual in that it also has erupted ∼1 km3 of rhyolite. The rhyolitic phase marked a 10-fold decrease in the mass-eruption rate of the volcano, and the volcano...
Relations between benthic community structure and metals concentrations in aquatic macroinvertebrates: Clark Fork River, Montana
1995, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (10) 277-293
We sampled macroinvertebrate communities at six sites on the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, to determine relations between macroinvertebrate community structure and metals in invertebrates and the best benthic community metrics to use for ranking sites based on the relative severity of the effects of metals. Concentrations (μg/g) of six...
Comparison of BASS and VACM current measurements during STRESS
Steven J. Lentz, Bradford Butman, A. J. Williams III
1995, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (12) 1328-1337
Current measurements from a vector-averaging current meter (VACM) on a subsurface mooring and a benthic acoustic stress sensor (BASS) on a bottom tripod are compared to assess their relative accuracy. The instruments were deployed off northern California at a midshelf site (water depth approximately 90 m) as part of the...
Changes in long‐term extension rates associated with the Morgan Hill and Loma Prieta earthquakes in California
James C. Savage, Michael Lisowski
1995, Geophysical Research Letters (22) 759-762
Frequent measurements since mid‐1981 of the distances from a geodetic monument located about 100 km south‐southeast of San Francisco to three monuments 30 to 40 km distant provide an unusually complete record of the deformation before and after two nearby earthquakes, the 1984 Morgan Hill (ML = 6.2) and 1989 Loma...
Comment on "Horizontal aquifer movement in a theis-theim confined system" by Donald C. Helm
Paul A. Hsieh, Richard L. Cooley
1995, Water Resources Research (31) 3107-3111
In a recent paper, Helm [1994] presents an analysis of horizontal aquifer movement induced by groundwater withdrawal from a confined aquifer in which fluid and grains are incompressible. The analysis considers the aquifer in isolation (ignoring overlying and underlying strata) and assumes that the aquifer deforms purely in the horizontal...
The influence of life history trade-offs and the size of the incubation gravels on egg size variation in sockeye salmon Onchorhynchus nerka
Thomas P. Quinn, Andrew P. Hendry, Lisa A. Wetzel
1995, Oikos (74) 425-438
Egg size is a critical life history trait, reflecting female investment and affecting off- spring fitness. We investigated several factors which may influence variation in egg weight for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Comparisons were based on col- lections from 18 Alaskan populations, among which adult migration distance and ju-...
Hydrologic data through 1993 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program
Janet M. Carter
1995, Open-File Report 95-313
This report presents data on precipitation, geologic logs, water levels, and water quality that have been collected or compiled, through water year 1993, for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program, under the guidance of the Bureau of Reclamation. The purpose of the Huron Project is to...
Two-year simulation of the Great Lakes region with a coupled modeling system
G. T. Bates, S. W. Hostetler, F. Giorgi
1995, Monthly Weather Review (123) 1505-1522
In this paper, we report on an experiment aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the application of our coupled regional climate modeling system to long-term climate simulations over the Great Lakes region. The simulation analyzed covers a continuous 24-month period beginning 1 September 1990 and extending to 1 September 1992.Many...
Fault healing inferred from time dependent variations in source properties of repeating earthquakes
Chris Marone, John E. Vidale, William L. Ellsworth
1995, Geophysical Research Letters (22) 3095-3098
We analyze two sets of repeating earthquakes on the Calaveras fault to estimate in-situ rates of fault strengthening (healing). Earthquake recurrence intervals tr range from 3 to 803 days. Variations in relative moment and duration are combined to study changes in stress drop, rupture dimension, rupture velocity, and particle velocity as a...
Modeling hexavalent chromium reduction in groundwater in field-scale transport and laboratory batch experiments
J.C. Friedly, J.A. Davis, D.B. Kent
1995, Water Resources Research (31) 2783-2794
A plausible and consistent model is developed to obtain a quantitative description of the gradual disappearance of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from groundwater in a small-scale field tracer test and in batch kinetic experiments using aquifer sediments under similar chemical conditions. The data exhibit three distinct timescales. Fast reduction occurs in...
Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media
Arthur L. Baehr, Ronald J. Baker
1995, Water Resources Research (31) 2877-2882
A mathematical model is presented that simulates the transport and reaction of any number of gaseous phase constituents (e.g. CO2, O2, N2, and hydrocarbons) in unsaturated porous media. The model was developed as part of a method to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation associated with natural cleansing at petroleum product...
An empirical model of the phytoplankton chlorophyll : carbon ratio-the conversion factor between productivity and growth rate
James E. Cloern, Christian Grenz, Lisa Vidergar-Lucas
1995, Limnology and Oceanography (40) 1313-1321
We present an empirical model that describes the ratio of phytoplankton chlorophyll a to carbon, Chl: C, as a function of temperature, daily irradiance, and nutrient-limited growth rate. Our model is based on 219 published measurements of algal cultures exposed to light-limited or nutrient-limited growth conditions. We illustrate an approach...
A mass proportion method for calculating melting reactions and application to melting of model upper mantle lherzolite
Michael J. Walter, Thomas W. Sisson, Dean C. Presnall
1995, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (135) 77-90
We present a method for calculating quantitative melting reactions in systems with multiple solid solutions that accounts for changes in the mass proportions of phases between two points at different temperatures along a melting curve. This method can be applied to any data set that defines the phase proportions along...
