Geologic continuous casting below continental and deep-sea detachment faults and at the striated extrusion of Sacsayhuaman, Peru
J.E. Spencer
1999, Geology (27) 327-330
In one common type of industrial continuous casting, partially molten metal is extruded from a vessel through a shaped orifice called a mold in which the metal assumes the cross-sectional form of the mold as it cools and solidifies. Continuous casting can be...
The distribution of, and relation among, mercury and methylmercury, organic carbon, carbonate, nitrogen and phosphorus, in periphyton of the south Florida ecosystem
N.S. Simon, R. Spencer, T. Cox
1999, Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry (69) 417-433
Periphyton samples from Water Conservation Areas, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Everglades National Park in south Florida were analyzed for concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon. Concentrations of total mercury in periphyton decrease slightly along a gradient from north‐to‐south. Both...
Tectonics of Atlantic Canada
H. Williams, S.A. Dehler, A.C. Grant, G.N. Oakey
1999, Geoscience Canada (26) 51-70
The tectonic history of Atlantic Canada is summarized according to a model of multiple ocean opening-closing cycles. The modern North Atlantic Ocean is in the opening phase of its cycle. It was preceded by an early Paleozoic lapetus Ocean whose cycle led to formation of the Appalachian Orogen. lapetus was...
Potential impacts on Colorado Rocky Mountain weather due to land use changes on the adjacent Great Plains
T.N. Chase, R.A. Pielke Sr., T.G.F. Kittel, Jill Baron, T.J. Stohlgren
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (104) 16673-16690
Evidence from both meteorological stations and vegetational successional studies suggests that summer temperatures are decreasing in the mountain-plain system in northeast Colorado, particularly since the early 1980s. These trends are coincident with large changes in regional land cover. Trends in global, Northern Hemisphere and continental surface temperatures over the same...
High-pressure size exclusion chromatography analysis of dissolved organic matter isolated by tangential-flow ultra filtration
C.R. Everett, Y.-P. Chin, G. R. Aiken
1999, Limnology and Oceanography (44) 1316-1322
A 1,000-Dalton tangential-flow ultrafiltration (TFUF) membrane was used to isolate dissolved organic matter (DOM) from several freshwater environments. The TFUF unit used in this study was able to completely retain a polystyrene sulfonate 1,800-Dalton standard. Unaltered and TFUF-fractionated DOM molecular weights were assayed by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The...
Nesting habitat of least terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) on an inland alkaline flat
Sara H. Schweitzer, David M. Leslie Jr.
1999, American Midland Naturalist (142) 173-180
We measured habitat characteristics in colony sites and at nest sites of endangered least terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) on an expansive alkaline flat at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma, in 1992 and 1993. Least terns nested in 12 colony sites on the alkaline flat during 1992 and 1993....
Results of repeated leveling surveys at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, and near Lassen Peak Volcano, California
D. Dzurisin
1999, Bulletin of Volcanology (61) 83-91
Personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey's Cascades Volcano Observatory conducted first-order, class-II leveling surveys near Lassen Peak, California, in 1991 and at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, in 1985, 1986, and 1994. Near Lassen Peak no significant vertical displacements had occurred along either of two traverses, 33 and 44 km long, since...
Preliminary results on photometric properties of materials at the Sagan Memorial Station, Mars
Jeffrey R. Johnson, Randolph L. Kirk, Laurence A. Soderblom, Lisa R. Gaddis, Robert J. Reid, Daniel T. Britt, Peter Smith, Mark T. Lemmon, Nicolas Thomas, James F. Bell III, Nathan T. Bridges, Robert Anderson, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Justin N. Maki, Scott L. Murchie, Andreas Dummel, Ralf Jaumann, Frank Trauthan, Gabriele Arnold
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8809-8830
Reflectance measurements of selected rocks and soils over a wide range of illumination geometries obtained by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera provide constraints on interpretations of the physical and mineralogical nature of geologic materials at the landing site. The data sets consist of (1) three small “photometric spot”...
Influence of bacterial kidney disease on smoltification in salmonids: Is it a case of double jeopardy?
M.G. Mesa, A.G. Maule, T.P. Poe, C.B. Schreck
1999, Aquaculture (174) 25-41
We investigated the effects of a chronic, progressive infection with Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), on selected aspects of smoltification in yearling juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). After experimentally infecting fish with Rs using an immersion challenge, we sampled them every two weeks...
Relationships between peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California
David J. Wald, Vincent Quitoriano, Thomas H. Heaton, Hiroo Kanamori
1999, Earthquake Spectra (15) 557-564
We have developed regression relationships between Modified Mercalli Intensity (Imm) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV) by comparing horizontal peak ground motions to observed intensities for eight significant California earthquakes. For the limited range of Modified Mercalli intensities (Imm), we find that for peak acceleration with...
Metal emissions from Kilauea, and a suggested revision of the estimated worldwide metal output by quiescent degassing of volcanoes
T. K. Hinkley, P. J. Lamothe, S. A. Wilson, David L. Finnegan, T.M. Gerlach
1999, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (170) 315-325
Measurements of a large suite of metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and several others) and sulfur at Kilauea volcano over an extended period of time has yielded a detailed record of the atmospheric injection of ordinarily-rare metals from this quiescently degassing volcano, representative of an important type. We have combined...
Multispectral multisensor image fusion using wavelet transforms
George P. Lemeshewsky
1999, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Fusion techniques can be applied to multispectral and higher spatial resolution panchromatic images to create a composite image that is easier to interpret than the individual images. Wavelet transform-based multisensor, multiresolution fusion (a type of band sharpening) was applied to Landsat thematic mapper (TM) multispectral and coregistered higher resolution SPOT...
Measurements of Reynolds stress profiles in unstratified tidal flow
M.T. Stacey, Stephen G. Monismith, J.R. Burau
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (104) 10933-10949
In this paper we present a method for measuring profiles of turbulence quantities using a broadband acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP). The method follows previous work on the continental shelf and extends the analysis to develop estimates of the errors associated with the estimation methods. ADCP data was collected in...
A first-order analysis of the potential role of CO2 fertilization to affect the global carbon budget: A comparison of four terrestrial biosphere models
D. W. Kicklighter, M. Bruno, S. Donges, G. Esser, Martin Heimann, J. Helfrich, F. Ift, F. Joos, J. Kaduk, G. H. Kohlmaier, A. D. McGuire, J. M. Melillo, R. Meyer, B. Moore III, A. Nadler, I. C. Prentice, W. Sauf, A. L. Schloss, S. Sitch, U. Wittenberg, G. Wurth
1999, Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology (51) 343-366
We compared the simulated responses of net primary production, heterotrophic respiration, net ecosystem production and carbon storage in natural terrestrial ecosystems to historical (1765 to 1990) and projected (1990 to 2300) changes of atmospheric CO2 concentration of four terrestrial biosphere models: the Bern model, the Frankfurt Biosphere Model (FBM), the...
Crystal growth mechanisms in miarolitic cavities in the Lake George ring complex and vicinity, Colorado
D. E. Kile, D. D. Eberl
1999, American Mineralogist (84) 718-724
The Crystal Peak area of the Pikes Peak batholith, near Lake George in central Colorado, is world-renowned for its crystals of amazonite (the blue-green variety of microcline) and smoky quartz. Such crystals, collected from individual miarolitic pegmatites, have a remakably small variation in crystal size within each pegmatite, and the...
Standards for assessment of age and growth data for channel catfish
W.A. Hubert
1999, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (14) 313-326
Standards for the assessment of age and growth data for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were developed using published data. A representative set of 102 studies of individual populations from across the geographic range of channel catfish was selected. Percentile values (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 95th)...
Duck plague
M. Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Duck plague is caused by a herpesvirus. Infection often results in an acute, contagious, and fatal disease. As with many other herpesviruses, duck plague virus can establish inapparent infections in birds that survive exposure to it, a state referred to as latency. During latency, the virus cannot be detected by...
How many stakes are required to measure the mass balance of a glacier?
A. G. Fountain, A. Vecchia
1999, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography (81) 563-573
Glacier mass balance is estimated for South Cascade Glacier and Maclure Glacier using a one-dimensional regression of mass balance with altitude as an alternative to the traditional approach of contouring mass balance values. One attractive feature of regression is that it can be applied to...
Structure and metamorphism of the Franciscan Complex, Mt. Hamilton area, Northern California
M.C. Blake Jr., C. M. Wentworth
1999, International Geology Review (41) 417-424
Truncation of metamorphic isograds and fold axes within coherent terranes of Franciscan metagraywacke by intervening zones of melange indicate that the melange is tectonic and formed after the subduction-related metamorphism and folding. These relations are expressed in two terranes of blueschist-facies rocks of the Franciscan Complex in the Mt. Hamilton...
Candidiasis
M. Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Candida albicans, a yeast-like fungi, is the primary cause of candidiasis or candidiosis. C. albicans is a normal inhabitant of the human alimentary canal, as well as that of many species of lower animals. Ingestion in food or in water is the usual means for its transmission. Contaminated environments, such...
Environmental enrichment of brown capuchins (Cebus apella): Behavioral and plasma and fecal cortisol measures of effectiveness
S. Boinski, S.P. Swing, T. S. Gross, J.K. Davis
1999, American Journal of Primatology (48) 49-68
No consensus exists about the quantity and variety of environmental enrichment needed to achieve an acceptable level of psychological well-being among singly housed primates. Behavioral and plasma and fecal cortisol measures were used to evaluate the effectiveness of four levels of toy and foraging enrichment provided to eight wild-caught, singly...
A geographic analysis of the status of mountain lions in Oklahoma
J.R. Pike, J.H. Shaw, David M. Leslie Jr., M.G. Shaw
1999, Wildlife Society Bulletin (27) 4-11
The geographic distribution of sightings and sign of mountain lions (Puma concolor) in Oklahoma was investigated. Mail survey questionnaires were sent to natural resource professionals throughout Oklahoma to gather temporal and spatial information on sightings of mountain lions from 1985 to 1995. We used a geographic information system (GIS) to...
Pedogenic calcite as evidence for an early Holocene dry period in the San Francisco Bay area, California
G. Borchardt, J. J. Lienkaemper
1999, Geological Society of America Bulletin (111) 906-918
Rainfall at the site of Union City, California, during early Holocene time appears to have been about half that of today, 470 mm/yr. We base this conclusion on detailed descriptions and particle-size analyses of 12 soil profiles and 1:20 scale logs of the...
Hypothesis of historical effects from selenium on endangered fish in the Colorado River basin
S. J. Hamilton
1999, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (5) 1153-1180
Anthropogenic selenium contamination of aquatic ecosystems was first associated with cooling reservoirs of coal-fired power plants in the late 1970s, and later with drainage water from agricultural irrigation activities in the 1980s. In the 1990s, selenium contamination has been raised as a concern in the recovery of currently endangered fish...
Marine birds and mammals of the Pacific Subarctic Gyres
A.M. Springer, John F. Piatt, V.P. Shuntov, Gus B. Van Vliet, V.L. Vladimirov, A.E. Kuzin, A.S. Perlov
1999, Progress in Oceanography (43) 443-487
The importance of the subarctic gyres of the North Pacific Ocean to marine birds and mammals is poorly known because of a paucity of data spanning appropriate scales of time and space. The little information that is available indicates the western subarctic gyre (WSAG) is more productive than the eastern...
