Digital mapping of the Mars Pathfinder landing site: Design, acquisition, and derivation of cartographic products for science applications
Lisa R. Gaddis, Randolph L. Kirk, J. R. Johnson, Laurence A. Soderblom, A. W. Ward, J. Barrett, Kris J. Becker, Tammy L. Becker, J. Blue, D. Cook, E. Eliason, Trent M. Hare, Elpitha Howington-Kraus, C. Isbell, E.M. Lee, Bonnie L. Redding, Robert M. Sucharski, Tracie L. Sucharski, P. H. Smith, D.T. Britt
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8853-8868
The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) acquired more than 16,000 images and provided panoramic views of the surface of Mars at the Mars Pathfinder landing site in Ares Vallis. This paper describes the stereoscopic, multispectral IMP imaging sequences and focuses on their use for digital mapping of the landing site...
Development of a comprehensive watershed model applied to study stream yield under drought conditions
S.P. Perkins, M. Sophocleous
1999, Groundwater (37) 418-426
We developed a model code to simulate a watershed's hydrology and the hydraulic response of an interconnected stream-aquifer system, and applied the model code to the Lower Republican River Basin in Kansas. The model code links two well-known computer programs: MODFLOW (modular 3-D flow...
Erysipelas in a free-ranging Hawaiian crow (Corvus hawaiiensis)
Thierry M. Work, Donna L. Ball, Mark Wolcott
1999, Avian Diseases (43) 338-341
We describe a case of erysipelas in a free-ranging endangered Hawaiian crow. The partially scavenged carcass exhibited gross emaciation and petechial hemorrhages in both lungs. Microscopy revealed multiple necrotic foci associated with gram-positive rods in the liver and adrenal, diffuse acute proximal tubular necrosis of kidney, diffuse necrosis and inflammation...
Geologic continuous casting below continental and deep-sea detachment faults and at the striated extrusion of Sacsayhuaman, Peru
J.E. Spencer
1999, Geology (27) 327-330
In one common type of industrial continuous casting, partially molten metal is extruded from a vessel through a shaped orifice called a mold in which the metal assumes the cross-sectional form of the mold as it cools and solidifies. Continuous casting can be...
Gas composition and isotopic geochemistry of cuttings, core, and gas hydrate from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well
T.D. Lorenson
1999, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 143-163
Molecular and isotopic composition of gases from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well demonstrate that the in situ gases can be divided into three zones composed of mixtures of microbial and thermogenic gases. Sediments penetrated by the well are thermally immature; thus the sediments are probably not a...
Pedogenic calcite as evidence for an early Holocene dry period in the San Francisco Bay area, California
G. Borchardt, J. J. Lienkaemper
1999, Geological Society of America Bulletin (111) 906-918
Rainfall at the site of Union City, California, during early Holocene time appears to have been about half that of today, 470 mm/yr. We base this conclusion on detailed descriptions and particle-size analyses of 12 soil profiles and 1:20 scale logs of the...
Population size of Cuban Parrots Amazona leucocephala and Sandhill Cranes Grus canadensis and community involvement in their conservation in northern Isla de la Juventud, Cuba
X. G. Aguilera, V. B. Alvarez, J. W. Wiley, J. R. Rosales
1999, Bird Conservation International (9) 97-112
The Cuban Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis nesiotes and Cuban Parrot Amazona leucocephala palmarum are considered endangered species in Cuba and the Isla de la Juventud (formerly Isla de Pinos). Coincident with a public education campaign, a population survey for these species was conducted in the northern part of the Isla de la...
Effects of dietary quality on basal metabolic rate and internal morphology of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Keith Geluso, J. P. Hayes
1999, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (72) 189-197
European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were fed either a low- or high-quality diet to test the effects of dietary quality on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and internal morphology. Basal metabolic rate did not differ significantly between the two dietary groups, but internal morphology differed greatly. Starlings fed the low-quality diet had...
Miscellaneous parasitic diseases
Rebecca A. Cole, M. Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Free-ranging wild birds are afflicted with numerous other parasites that occasionally cause illness and death. Some of these parasites, such as two of the trematodes or flukes highlighted below, can cause major die-offs. This section about parasitic diseases concludes with descriptions of some additional parasites that field biologists may encounter...
Acute toxicity of hydrogen peroxide treatments to selected lifestages of cold-, cool-, and warmwater fish
M.P. Gaikowski, J.J. Rach, R.T. Ramsay
1999, Aquaculture (178) 191-207
Hatchery personnel depend on therapeutant treatments to control diseases. Currently, hatchery managers in the United States are limited to one approved therapeutant (formalin) and three compounds of Low Regulatory Priority (sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid) to control external diseases of cultured fish. Hydrogen peroxide has been used to...
Geographic distribution of chromosome and microsatellite DNA polymorphisms in Oncorhynchus mykiss native to western Washington
C.O. Ostberg, G.H. Thorgaard
1999, Copeia (1999) 287-298
Chromosome studies of native populations of Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead and rainbow trout) in western Washington and southern British Columbia revealed the presence of two evolutionarily distinct chromosome lineages. Populations between, and including, the Elwha River, Washington, and Chilliwack River, British Columbia, contained 2n = 60 chromosomes. Populations on the central...
Antarctic glacial history from numerical models and continental margin sediments
P.F. Barker, P. J. Barrett, A. K. Cooper, P. Huybrechts
1999, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (150) 247-267
The climate record of glacially transported sediments in prograded wedges around the Antarctic outer continental shelf, and their derivatives in continental rise drifts, may be combined to produce an Antarctic ice sheet history, using numerical models of ice sheet response to temperature and sea-level change. Examination of published models suggests...
Hydraulic and geochemical performance of a permeable reactive barrier containing zero-valent iron, Denver Federal Center
P.B. McMahon, K.F. Dennehy, Mark W. Sandstrom
1999, Ground Water (37) 396-404
The hydraulic and geochemical performance of a 366 m long permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at the Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado, was evaluated. The funnel and gate system, which was installed in 1996 to intercept and remediate ground water contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), contained four 12.2 m wide...
In situ detection of the Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin gene in wetland sediments with a nested PCR assay
Judy L. Williamson, Tonie E. Rocke, Judd M. Aiken
1999, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (65) 3240-3243
A nested PCR was developed for detection of the Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin gene in sediments collected from wetlands where avian botulism outbreaks had or had not occurred. The C1 toxin gene was detected in 16 of 18 sites, demonstrating both the ubiquitous distribution of C. botulinum type C in wetland sediments and the sensitivity...
A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins
K.L. Verdin, J. P. Verdin
1999, Journal of Hydrology (218) 1-12
A comprehensive reference system for the Earth's river basins is proposed as a support to fiver basin management, global change research, and the pursuit of sustainable development. A natural system for delineation and codification of basins is presented which is based upon topographic control and the topology of the fiver...
Preliminary results on photometric properties of materials at the Sagan Memorial Station, Mars
Jeffrey R. Johnson, Randolph L. Kirk, Laurence A. Soderblom, Lisa R. Gaddis, Robert J. Reid, Daniel T. Britt, Peter Smith, Mark T. Lemmon, Nicolas Thomas, James F. Bell III, Nathan T. Bridges, Robert Anderson, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Justin N. Maki, Scott L. Murchie, Andreas Dummel, Ralf Jaumann, Frank Trauthan, Gabriele Arnold
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8809-8830
Reflectance measurements of selected rocks and soils over a wide range of illumination geometries obtained by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera provide constraints on interpretations of the physical and mineralogical nature of geologic materials at the landing site. The data sets consist of (1) three small “photometric spot”...
Influence of bacterial kidney disease on smoltification in salmonids: Is it a case of double jeopardy?
M.G. Mesa, A.G. Maule, T.P. Poe, C.B. Schreck
1999, Aquaculture (174) 25-41
We investigated the effects of a chronic, progressive infection with Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), on selected aspects of smoltification in yearling juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). After experimentally infecting fish with Rs using an immersion challenge, we sampled them every two weeks...
Abrupt along-strike change in tectonic style: San Andreas fault zone, San Francisco Peninsula
M.L. Zoback, R.C. Jachens, J. A. Olson
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (104) 10719-10742
Seismicity and high-resolution aeromagnetic data are used to define an abrupt change from compressional to extensional tectonism within a 10- to 15-km-wide zone along the San Andreas fault on the San Francisco Peninsula and offshore from the Golden Gate. This 100-km-long section of the San Andreas fault includes the hypocenter...
Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan
Takeshi Sagiya, Wayne Thatcher
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (104) 1111-1129
Geodetic survey measurements are used to estimate the coseismic slip distribution in the 1944 Tonankai (Mw=8.1) and 1946 Nankaido (Mw=8.3) earthquakes and to assess quantitatively the degree to which this slip is resolved on the plate boundary megathrust. Data used include 798 angle changes from triangulation surveys, 328 leveling section...
Applications and issues of GIS as tool for civil engineering modeling
S.B. Miles, C.L. Ho
1999, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering (13) 144-152
A tool that has proliferated within civil engineering in recent years is geographic information systems (GIS). The goal of a tool is to supplement ability and knowledge that already exists, not to serve as a replacement for that which is lacking. To secure the benefits and avoid misuse of a...
Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1997
S.A. Sipkin, C. G. Bufe, M.D. Zirbes
1999, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (114) 109-117
Moment tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 218 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 1997....
Metastatic cancer in the Jurassic
B.M. Rothschild, B.J. Witzke, I. Hershkovitz
1999, Lancet (354) 398
Recognition of cancer in extreme antiquity has been limited to osteomas in mosasaurs and haemangiomas and growths of unclear origin in dinosaurs. We describe a metastatic cancer in a dinosaur....
A first-order analysis of the potential role of CO2 fertilization to affect the global carbon budget: A comparison of four terrestrial biosphere models
D. W. Kicklighter, M. Bruno, S. Donges, G. Esser, Martin Heimann, J. Helfrich, F. Ift, F. Joos, J. Kaduk, G. H. Kohlmaier, A. D. McGuire, J. M. Melillo, R. Meyer, B. Moore III, A. Nadler, I. C. Prentice, W. Sauf, A. L. Schloss, S. Sitch, U. Wittenberg, G. Wurth
1999, Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology (51) 343-366
We compared the simulated responses of net primary production, heterotrophic respiration, net ecosystem production and carbon storage in natural terrestrial ecosystems to historical (1765 to 1990) and projected (1990 to 2300) changes of atmospheric CO2 concentration of four terrestrial biosphere models: the Bern model, the Frankfurt Biosphere Model (FBM), the...
Stratigraphic framework of Holocene volcaniclastic deposits, Akutan Volcano, east-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska
C. F. Waythomas
1999, Bulletin of Volcanology (61) 141-161
Akutan Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc, but until recently little was known about its history and eruptive character. Following a brief but sustained period of intense seismic activity in March 1996, the Alaska Volcano Observatory began investigating the geology of the volcano and...
Evaluating adequacy of the representative stream reach used in invertebrate monitoring programs
C.F. Rabeni, N. Wang, R.J. Sarver
1999, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (18) 284-291
Selection of a representative stream reach is implicitly or explicitly recommended in many biomonitoring protocols using benthic invertebrates. We evaluated the adequacy of sampling a single stream reach selected on the basis of its appearance. We 1st demonstrated the precision of our...
