The potential for free and mixed convection in sedimentary basins
Jeff P. Raffensperger, D. Vlassopoulos
1999, Hydrogeology Journal (7) 505-520
Free thermal convection and mixed convection are considered as potential mechanisms for mass and heat transport in sedimentary basins. Mixed convection occurs when horizontal flows (forced convection) are superimposed on thermally driven flows. In cross section, mixed convection is characterized by convection cells that migrate laterally...
Functional convergence among pelagic sculpins of Lake Baikal and deepwater ciscoes of the Great Lakes
Randy L. Eshenroder, Valentina G. Sideleva, Thomas N. Todd
1999, Journal of Great Lakes Research (25) 847-855
The vast, well-oxygenated hypolimnia of Lake Baikal and the Great Lakes were both dominated by endemic planktivorous fishes. These dominants, two species of sculpins (Comephorus, Comephoridae) in Lake Baikal and six species of deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus, Salmonidae) in the Great Lakes, although distant taxonomically, have morphologies suggesting a surprising degree...
Geophagy by yellowstone grizzly bears
D.J. Mattson, G.I. Green, R. Swalley
1999, Ursus (11) 109-116
We documented 12 sites in the Yellowstone ecosystem where grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) had purposefully consumed soil (an activity known as geophagy). We also documented soil in numerous grizzly bear feces. Geophagy primarily occurred at sites barren of vegetation where surficial geology had been modified by geothermal activity. There...
Kinematic analysis of melange fabrics: Examples and applications from the McHugh Complex, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska
T.M. Kusky, D. C. Bradley
1999, Journal of Structural Geology (21) 1773-1796
Permian to Cretaceous melange of the McHugh Complex on the Kenai Peninsula, south-central Alaska includes blocks and belts of graywacke, argillite, limestone, chert, basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks, intruded by a variety of igneous rocks. An oceanic plate stratigraphy is repeated hundreds of times across the map area, but most...
Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley
S.L. King, B. D. Keeland
1999, Restoration Ecology (7) 348-359
Only about 2.8 million ha of an estimated original 10 million ha of bottomland hardwood forests still exist in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) of the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and state agencies initiated reforestation efforts in the late 1980s...
Effects of temporal variability in ground data collection on classification accuracy
G. A. Hoch, Jack F. Cully Jr.
1999, Geocarto International (14) 7-14
This research tested whether the timing of ground data collection can significantly impact the accuracy of land cover classification. Ft. Riley Military Reservation, Kansas, USA was used to test this hypothesis. The U.S. Army's Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) data annually collected at military bases was used to ground truth...
Phytoremediation of trichloroethene (TCE) using cottonwood trees
S.A. Jones, R. W. Lee, E. L. Kuniansky
Andrea Leeson, Bruce C. Alleman, editor(s)
1999, Conference Paper, Phytoremediation and innovative strategies for specialized remedial applications: Volume 5(6) of <i>Proceedings from the Battelle Memorial Institute international in situ and on-site bioreclamation symposium</i>
Phytoremediation uses the natural ability of plants to degrade contaminants in ground water. A field demonstration designed to remediate aerobic shallow ground water that contains trichloroethene began in April 1996 with the planting of cottonwood trees over an approximately 0.2-hectare area at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Tx. Ground...
Compilation of gas geochemistry and isotopic analyses from The Geysers geothermal field: 1978-1991
Jacob B. Lowenstern, Cathy Janik, Lynne Fahlquist, Linda S. Johnson
1999, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions (23) 383-390
We present 45 chemical and isotopic analyses from well discharges at The Geysers geothermal field and summarize the most notable geochemical trends. H2 and H2S concentrations are highest in the Southeast Geysers, where steam samples have δD and δ18O values that reflect replenishment by meteoric water. In the Northwest Geysers,...
Family Cepolidae
William F. Smith-Vaniz
Kent E. Carpenter, Volker H. Niem, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific
No abstract available....
Detailed evaluation of gas hydrate reservoir properties using JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well downhole well-log displays
T. S. Collett
1999, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 295-311
The JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well project was designed to investigate the occurrence of in situ natural gas hydrate in the Mallik area of the Mackenzie Delta of Canada. Because gas hydrate is unstable at surface pressure and temperature conditions, a major emphasis was placed on the downhole...
General-circulation-model simulations of future snowpack in the western United States
G.J. McCabe, D.M. Wolock
1999, Conference Paper, Journal of the American Water Resources Association
April 1 snowpack accumulations measured at 311 snow courses in the western United States (U.S.) are grouped using a correlation-based cluster analysis. A conceptual snow accumulation and melt model and monthly temperature and precipitation for each cluster are used to estimate cluster-average April 1 snowpack. The conceptual snow model is...
Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Dickcissel
Jill A. Dechant, Marriah L. Sondreal, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Amy L. Zimmerman, Betty R. Euliss
1999, Report, Effects of management practices on grassland birds
Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds...
Seismic- and well-log-inferred gas hydrate accumulations on Richards Island
T. S. Collett
1999, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 357-376
The gas hydrate stability zone is areally extensive beneath most of the Mackenzie Delta-Beaufort Sea region, with the base of the gas hydrate stability zone more than 1000 m deep on Richards Island. In this study, gas hydrate has been inferred to occur in nine Richards Island exploratory wells on...
Natural attenuation of chloroacetinilide herbicides in aquatic systems
David W. Graham, William H. Graham, Frank DeNoyelles Jr., Val H. Smith, E. Michael Thurman
Andrea Leeson, Bruce C. Alleman, editor(s)
1999, Conference Paper, Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, and other organic compounds: Volume 5(1) of <i>Proceedings from the Battelle Memorial Institute international in situ and on-site bioreclamation symposium</i>
Chloroacetanilide herbicides (e.g. alachlor and metolachlor) and their breakdown products are frequently found in agriculturally impacted and other natural waters. Although these compounds are usually present at low concentrations in aquatic systems, defining their fate and attenuation rate is important because they can be toxic at comparatively low exposure levels....
Protocol and practice in the adaptive management of waterfowl harvests
F. Johnson, K. Williams
1999, Conservation Ecology (3)
Waterfowl harvest management in North America, for all its success, historically has had several shortcomings, including a lack of well-defined objectives, a failure to account for uncertain management outcomes, and inefficient use of harvest regulations to understand the effects of management. To address these and other concerns, the U.S. Fish...
Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks
K. G. McCracken, J. Harshman, D. A. Mcclellan, A. D. Afton
1999, Systematic Biology (48) 683-714
The unwitting inclusion of convergent characters in phylogenetic estimates poses a serious problem for efforts to recover phylogeny. Convergence is not inscrutable, however, particularly when one group of characters tracks phylogeny and another set tracks adaptive history. In such cases, convergent characters may be correlated with one or a few...
Nearshore versus offshore copper loading in Lake Superior sediments: Implications for transport and cycling
J.J. Kolak, D.T. Long, W.C. Kerfoot, T.M. Beals, Steven J. Eisenreich
1999, Journal of Great Lakes Research (25) 611-624
A thorough understanding of the fate and transport of metals in Lake Superior is necessary in order to predict the ability of Lake Superior to recover from anthropogenic perturbations (copper mining). Sediment cores were collected from nearshore and offshore sites in...
Deglacial and lake level fluctuation history recorded in cores, Beaver Lake, Upper Peninsula, Michigan
Timothy G. Fisher, Richard L. Whitman
1999, Journal of Great Lakes Research (25) 263-274
Sediment cores collected from the littoral and pelagic zones of Beaver Lake, Michigan record fluctuations in the water level of Lake Superior. Beaver Lake is a small 300 ha lake in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PRNL) now separated from Lake Superior...
Spatial variability of turbulent fluxes in the roughness sublayer of an even-aged pine forest
G. Katul, C.-I. Hsieh, D. Bowling, K. Clark, N. Shurpali, A. Turnipseed, J. Albertson, K. Tu, D. Hollinger, B. M. Evans, B. Offerle, D. Anderson, D. Ellsworth, C. Vogel, R. Oren
1999, Boundary-Layer Meteorology (93) 1-28
The spatial variability of turbulent flow statistics in the roughness sublayer (RSL) of a uniform even-aged 14 m (= h) tall loblolly pine forest was investigated experimentally. Using seven existing walkup towers at this stand, high frequency velocity, temperature, water vapour and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at 15.5...
Geochemistry of waters from springs, wells, and snowpack on and adjacent to Medicine Lake volcano, northern California
Robert H. Mariner, Jacob B. Lowenstern
1999, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions (23) 319-326
Chemical analyses of waters from cold springs and wells of the Medicine Lake volcano and surrounding region indicate small chloride anomalies that may be due to water-rock interaction or limited mixing with high-temperature geothermal fluids. The Fall River Springs (FRS) with a combined discharge of approximately 37 m3/s, show a...
Immunostimulants in fish diets
A.L. Gannam, R. M. Schrock
1999, Journal of Applied Aquaculture (9) 53-89
Various immunostimulants and their methods of application in fish culture are examined in this review. Important variables such as life stage and innate disease resistance of the fish; immunostimulant used, its structure and mode of action; and the fish's environment are discussed. Conflicting results have been published about the efficacy...
The new england coastal basins national water quality assessment study - Activities and initial results
Kelly F. Robinson
1999, Conference Paper, NCASI Proceedings
[No abstract available]...
Allocating Great Lakes forage bases in response to multiple demand
Edward H. Brown Jr., Thomas R. Busiahn, Michael L. Jones, Ray L. Argyle
William W. Taylor, C. Paola Ferreri, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, Great Lakes fishery policy and management: A binational perspective
Forage base allocation, which has become an important issue because of major changes in the fish communities and fisheries of the Great Lakes since the 1950s is examined and documented in this chapter. Management initiatives that were used to address the issue, and supporting research and development that provided...
Lake trout in the Great Lakes: Basin-wide stock collapse and binational restoration
Michael J. Hansen
William W. Taylor, C. Paola Ferreri, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, Great Lakes fishery policy and management: A binational perspective
The lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was important to the human settlement of each of the Great Lakes, and underwent catastrophic collapses in each lake in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The timing of lake trout stock collapses were different in each lake, as were the causes of the collapses,...
Sandhill cranes and the Platte River
Gary L. Krapu
K.P. Able, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, A gathering of angels: ecology and conservation of migratory birds
No abstract available....
