Uranium in Holocene valley-fill sediments, and uranium, radon, and helium in waters, Lake Tahoe-Carson Range area, Nevada and California, U.S.A.
J. K. Otton, R. A. Zielinski, J.M. Been
1989, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (13) 15-28
Uraniferous Holocene sediments occur in the Carson Range of Nevada and California, U.S.A., between Lake Tahoe and Carson Valley. The hosts for the uranium include peat and interbedded organic-rich sand, silt, and mud that underly valley floors, fens, and marshes along stream valleys between the crest of the range and...
Simulation of calcite dissolution and porosity changes in saltwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers
Ward E. Sanford, Leonard F. Konikow
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 655-667
Thermodynamic models of aqueous solutions have indicated that the mixing of seawater and calcite-saturated fresh groundwater can produce a water that is undersaturated with respect to calcite. Mixing of such waters in coastal carbonate aquifers could lead to significant amounts of limestone dissolution. The potential for such dissolution in coastal...
Effect of far-field slope on morphologic dating of scarplike landforms
Thomas C. Hanks, D.J. Andrews
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 565-573
The principal finding of this paper is that the far-field slope has a first-order effect on model age determinations of scarplike landforms in weakly consolidated terrains. Observationally, this can be demonstrated in two ways using the Lake Bonneville and Lahontan shoreline scarps as separate and combined data sets. Use of...
A record of Appalachian denudation in postrift Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary deposits of the U.S. Middle Atlantic continental margin
C. W. Poag, W. D. Sevon
1989, Geomorphology (2) 119-157
The complex interplay between source-terrain uplift, basin subsidence, paleoclimatic shifts, and sea-level change, left an extensive sedimentary record in the contiguous offshore basins of the U.S. middle Atlantic margin (Salisbury Embayment, Baltimore Canyon Trough, and Hatteras Basin). Isopach maps of 23 postrift...
Changes in floral diversities, floral turnover rates, and climates in Campanian and Maastrichtian time, North Slope of Alaska
N. O. Frederiksen
1989, Cretaceous Research (10) 249-266
One-hundred-and-ten angiosperm pollen taxa have been found in upper Campanian to Masstrichtian rocks of the Colville River region, North Slope of Alaska. These are the highest paleolatitude Campanian and Maastrichtian floras known from North America. Total angiosperm pollen diversity rose during the Campanian and declined toward the end of the...
Turbidity-current channels in Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska
P.R. Carlson, R.D. Powell, D.M. Rearic
1989, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (26) 807-820
Queen Inlet is unique among Glacier Bay fjords because it alone has a branching channel system incised in the Holocene sediment fill of the fjord floor. Bathymetry and seismic-reflection profiles show that four channels begin on, or at the base of, the delta front of this marine-outwash fjord. By midpoint...
The geology, botany and chemistry of selected peat-forming environments from temperate and tropical latitudes
C. C. Cameron, J.S. Esterle, C.A. Palmer
1989, International Journal of Coal Geology (12) 105-156
Peat has been studied in several geologic settings: (1) glaciated terrain in cold temperate Maine and Minnesota, U.S.A.; (2) an island in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Maine, where sea level is rising; (3) the warm temperate U.S. Atlantic...
Multiobjective sampling design for parameter estimation and model discrimination in groundwater solute transport
Debra S. Knopman, Clifford I. Voss
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 2245-2258
Sampling design for site characterization studies of solute transport in porous media is formulated as a multiobjective problem. Optimal design of a sampling network is a sequential process in which the next phase of sampling is designed on the basis of all available physical knowledge of the system. Three objectives...
Structures associated with strike-slip faults that bound landslide elements
R. W. Fleming, A. M. Johnson
1989, Engineering Geology (27) 39-114
Large landslides are bounded on their flanks and on elements within the landslides by structures analogous to strike-slip faults. We observed the formation of thwse strike-slip faults and associated structures at two large landslides in central Utah during 1983-1985. The strike-slip faults in landslides are nearly vertical but locally may...
Coprecipitation and redox reactions of manganese oxides with copper and nickel
J.D. Hem, Carol J. Lind, C. E. Roberson
1989, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (53) 2811-2822
Open-system, continuous-titration experiments have been done in which a slow flux of ∼0.02 molar solution of Mn2+ chloride, nitrate, or perchlorate with Cu2+ or Ni2+ in lesser concentrations was introduced into an aerated reactor solution held at constant temperature and at constant pH by a pH-stat...
Extracting spectral contrast in Landsat Thematic Mapper image data using selective principal component analysis
P.S. Chavez Jr., Andy Y. Kwarteng
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 339-348
A challenge encountered with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, which includes data from size reflective spectral bands, is displaying as much information as possible in a three-image set for color compositing or digital analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the six TM bands simultaneously is often used to address...
Use of the variable gain settings on SPOT
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 195-201
Often the brightness or digital number (DN) range of satellite image data is less than optimal and uses only a portion of the available values (0 to 255) because the range of reflectance values is small. Most imaging systems have been designed with only two gain settings, normal and high....
A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data
L. Cordell, A. E. McCafferty
1989, Geophysics (54) 621-634
The terracing operator works iteratively on gravity or magnetic data, using the sense of the measured field's local curvature, to produce a field comprised of uniform domains separated by abrupt domain boundaries. The result is crudely proportional to a physical-property function defined in one (profile case) or two (map case)...
Rupture process of the Ms 6.6 Superstition Hills, California, earthquake determined from strong-motion recordings: application of tomographic source inversion
Arthur D. Frankel, Leif Wennerberg
1989, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (79) 515-541
We analyze strong-motion recordings of the Ms 6.6 Superstition Hills earthquake to determine the timing, location, spatial extent, and rupture velocity of the subevents that produced the bulk of the high-frequency (0.5 to 4 Hz) seismic energy radiated by this shock. The earthquake can be characterized by three principal subevents,...
Analysis of accuracy of approximate, simultaneous, nonlinear confidence intervals on hydraulic heads in analytical and numerical test cases
M. C. Hill
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 177-190
Inaccuracies in parameter values, parameterization, stresses, and boundary conditions of analytical solutions and numerical models of groundwater flow produce errors in simulated hydraulic heads. These errors can be quantified in terms of approximate, simultaneous, nonlinear confidence intervals presented in the literature. Approximate confidence intervals can be applied in both error...
Emergence of burrowing urchins from California continental shelf sediments: A response to alongshore current reversals?
F.H. Nichols, D.A. Cacchione, D.E. Drake, J.K. Thompson
1989, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (29) 171-182
Two sequences of bottom photographs taken every two or four hours for two months during the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) off the Russian River, California, reveal the dynamic nature of interations between the water column, the sediments, and benthic organisms in the mid-shelf silt deposit.Time-lapse photographs taken between late...
Seismic reflection characteristics of glacial and glacimarine sediment in the Gulf of Alaska and adjacent fjords
P.R. Carlson
1989, Marine Geology (85) 391-416
Glaciation together with tectonism have been dominant factors affecting sedimentation in the Gulf of Alaska area from at least the late Miocene throughout the Quaternary. The effects of tectonism are apparent in high mountains that border the gulf, raised terraces of...
Relationship between annual runoff and watershed area for the eastern United States
Barry P. Rochelle, M. Robbins Church, Warren A. Gebert, David J. Graczyk, William R. Krug
1988, Water Resources Bulletin (24) 35-41
As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's effort to determine the long-term effects of acidic deposition on surface water chemistry, annual runoff was estimated for about 1000 ungaged sites in the eastern U.S. using runoff contour maps. One concern in using contour maps was that a bias may be...
Assessment of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation by recovery of dead lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario, 1982-85
Roger A. Bergstedt, Clifford P. Schneider
1988, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (45) 1406-1410
During 1982-85, 89 dead lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were recovered with bottom trawls in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario: 28 incidentally during four annual fish-stock assessment surveys and 61 during fall surveys for dead fish. During the assessment surveys, no dead lake trout were recovered in April-June, one was recovered...
Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA
R. L. Chaney, W. N. Beyer, C.H. Gifford, L. Sileo
1988, Trace Substances in Environmental Health (22) 263-280
In 1979, before the primary Zn smelter at Palmerton was closed due to excessive Zn and Cd emissions and change in the price of Zn, we were contacted by a local veterinarian regarding death of foals (young horses) on farms near the smelter. To examine whether Zn or Cd contamination...
Length of stay and fat content of migrant semipalmated sandpipers in eastern Maine
P.O. Dunn, T.A. May, M.A. McCollough, M.A. Howe
1988, Condor (90) 824-835
Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) stop at coastal staging areas in the Canadian maritime provinces and northeastern United States to replenish fat reserves before initiating a nonstop transoceanic flight of at least 3,200 km to wintering areas in South America. The relationship between estimated fat content at capture and length of...
Reproductive effects of nest-marking studies in an American white pelican colony
D.E. Boellstorff, D. W. Anderson, H. M. Ohlendorf, E.J. O’Neill
1988, Colonial Waterbirds (11) 215-219
In 1981 and 1982 we studied the reproductive success of American White Pelicans in the Klamath Basin of northern California. We observed that reproductive success at one colony became reduced in 1981 when we entered that colony to collect eggs for chemical analysis and to mark nests for an...
Variance estimation for the Federal Waterfowl Harvest Surveys
P.H. Geissler
1988, American Statistical Association, Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods (1988) 698-703
The Federal Waterfowl Harvest Surveys provide estimates of waterfowl harvest by species for flyways and states, harvests of most other migratory game bird species (by waterfowl hunters), crippling losses for ducks, geese, and coots, days hunted, and bag per hunter. The Waterfowl Hunter Questionnaire Survey separately estimates the harvest...
Multivariate curve-fitting in GAUSS
C.M. Bunck, G.W. Pendleton
1988, American Statistical Association, Proceedings of the Statistical Computing Section (1988) 325-328
Multivariate curve-fitting techniques for repeated measures have been developed and an interactive program has been written in GAUSS. The program implements not only the one-factor design described in Morrison (1967) but also includes pairwise comparisons of curves and rates, a two-factor design, and other options. Strategies for selecting...
Mate desertion in the snail kite
S. R. Beissinger, N.F.R. Snyder
1988, Animal Behaviour (35) 477-487
Mate desertion during the breeding cycle was documented at 28 of 36 (78%) snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis nests in Florida between 1979 and 1983. Offspring mortality occurred at only one deserted nest, however. Parents that were deserted by their mates continued to care for their young until independence (3?5...
