Late Paleozoic crustal history of central coastal Queensland interpreted from geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons: The effects of continental rifting
C. M. Allen, J. L. Wooden, B. W. Chappell
1997, LITHOS (42) 67-88
The eastern margin of Australia is understood to be the result of continental rifting during the Cretaceous and Tertiary. Consistent with this model, Cretaceous igneous rocks (granites to basalts) in a continental marginal setting near Bowen, Queensland are isotonically retarded, having isotopic ratios similar to those of most island arcs...
Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability
A. J. Tesoriero, F.D. Voss
1997, Ground Water (35) 1029-1039
The occurrence and distribution of elevated nitrate concentrations (≥ 3 mg/l) in ground water in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, were determined by examining existing data from more than 3000 wells. Models that estimate the probability that a well has an elevated nitrate concentration were constructed by relating the occurrence...
The role of diffusion-controlled oscillatory nucleation in the formation of line rock in pegmatite-aplite dikes
K.L. Webber, A.U. Falster, W.B. Simmons, E.E. Foord
1997, Journal of Petrology (38) 1777-1791
The George Ashley Block (GAB), located in the Pala Pegmatite District, San Diego County, California, is a composite pegmatite–aplite dike of 8 m thickness displaying striking mineralogical layering in the aplite portion of the dike, referred to as line rock. Rhythmic layering is characterized by garnet-rich bands alternating with...
Measurement of flow under ice covers in North America
J.F. Walker, D. Wang
1997, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (123) 1037-1040
A substantial proportion of natural streams in the United States and Canada are affected by ice cover during the winter. To substantiate the currently used procedures for measuring streamflow during the winter, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Water Survey of Canada (WSC) began independent, coordinated programs for research and...
Frictional strength and velocity-dependence of serpentine gouges under hydrothermal conditions and their seismogeological implications
S. Ma, D. Lockner, D. Moore, R. Summers, J. Byerlee
1997, Dizhen Dizhi (19)
The velocity - dependence of frictional strength of serpentine gouges has been measured at constant normal stress of 110 MPa, pore pressure of 10 MPa, temperature 25, 100 and 200??C , and at sliding rate ranging from 0. 001 to 10??m/s. At 25??C, the coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge...
Subsidence of ash-flow calderas: Relation to caldera size and magma-chamber geometry
P. W. Lipman
1997, Bulletin of Volcanology (59) 198-218
Diverse subsidence geometries and collapse processes for ash-flow calderas are inferred to reflect varying sizes, roof geometries, and depths of the source magma chambers, in combination with prior volcanic and regional tectonic influences. Based largely on a review of features at eroded pre-Quaternary calderas, a continuum of geometries and subsidence...
Organics and other molecules in the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede
T. B. McCord, R. W. Carlson, W. D. Smythe, G. B. Hansen, R. N. Clark, C. A. Hibbitts, F. P. Fanale, J. C. Granahan, M. Segura, D. L. Matson, T. V. Johnson, P. D. Martin
1997, Science (278) 271-275
Five absorption features are reported at wavelengths of 3.4, 3.88, 4.05, 4.25, and 4.57 micrometers in the surface materials of the Galilean satellites Callisto and Ganymede from analysis of reflectance spectra returned by the Galileo mission near-infrared mapping spectrometer. Candidate materials include CO2, organic materials (such as tholins containing C???N...
Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic thermotectonic evolution of the central Brooks Range and adjacent North Slope foreland basin, Alaska: Including fission track results from the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT)
P. B. O’Sullivan, J.M. Murphy, A.E. Blythe
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 20821-20845
Apatite fission track data are used to evaluate the thermal and tectonic history of the central Brooks Range and the North Slope foreland basin in northern Alaska along the northern leg of the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT). Fission track analyses of the detrital apatite grains in most sedimentary units resolve...
Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance
S. H. Newman, John F. Piatt, J. White
1997, Colonial Waterbirds (20) 492-504
Blood was analyzed from 151 pelagic marine birds to establish reference ranges for hematological and plasma biochemical parameters from healthy, wild populations of Pacific seabirds. Of the 13 species examined, 9 were from the Family Alcidae (N = 122 individuals) and the remainder (N = 29) from the Families Phalacrocoracidae,...
Bedrock geology of snyderville basin: Structural geology techniques applied to understanding the hydrogeology of a rapidly developing region, Summit County, Utah
K.E. Keighley, W.A. Yonkee, F.X. Ashland, J.P. Evans
1997, Brigham Young University Geology Studies (42) 325-343
The availability of ground water is a problem for many communities throughout the west. As these communities continue to experience growth, the initial allocation of ground water supplies proves inadequate and may force restrictions on existing, and future, development plans. Much of this new growth relies on ground water supplies...
The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes
G. L. Choy, J. Zednik
1997, Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica (41) 45-63
In terms of seismically radiated energy or moment release, the earthquake of 20 January 1990 in the Manjil Basin-Alborz Mountain region of Iran is the second largest strike-slip earthquake to have occurred in an intracontinental setting in the past decade. It caused enormous loss of life and the virtual destruction...
Endictya hendeyi sp. nov., a new coastal diatom species from North America
Eileen Hemphill-Haley, Albert D. Mahood
1997, Diatom Research (12) 35-42
Endictya hendeyi E. Hemphill-Haley sp. nov. is described from Recent and Quaternary, estuarine and marine deposits along the west coast of the United States. This taxon is distinguished by its 1) consistently small valves; 2) areolae of uniform size on the valve face in linear tangential rows; 3) prominent, external spatulate...
In-situ stress and fracture permeability in a fault-hosted geothermal reservoir at Dixie Valley, Nevada
Stephen Hickman, Colleen Barton, Mark Zoback, Roger Morin, John Sass, Richard Benoit
Anon, editor(s)
1997, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
As part of a study relating fractured rock hydrology to in-situ stress and recent deformation within the Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, borehole televiewer logging and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were conducted in a 2.7-km-deep geothermal production well (73B-7) drilled into the Stillwater fault zone. Borehole televiewer logs from well 73B-7...
The geodetic signature of the M8.0 Oct. 9, 1995, Jalisco subduction earthquake
T. Melbourne, I. Carmichael, C. DeMets, K. Hudnut, O. Sanchez, J. Stock, G. Suarez, F. Webb
1997, Geophysical Research Letters (24) 715-718
The October, 1995 Mw 8.0 Jalisco subduction earthquake has provided a thorough geodetic observation of the coseismic subduction process. An 11 station regional GPS network located directly onshore of the rupture demonstrates consistent vertical subsidence verified by tide gauge data and southwest-directed extension, with measured displacements...
New composite spectra of Mars, 0.4-5.7 μm
Stephane Erard, Wendy M. Calvin
1997, Icarus (130) 449-460
About 15 areas were observed in the equatorial regions of Mars by the infrared spectrometers IRS (Mariner 6 and 7) and ISM (Phobos-2). The comparison between the spectra shows a remarkable consistency between two data sets acquired 20 years apart and calibrated independently. This similarity demonstrates the accuracy of ISM...
Palynology of the Lost Branch Formation of Kansas - New insights on the major floral transition at the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian boundary
R.A. Peppers
1997, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (98) 223-246
Palynological assemblages from two outcrops of the upper part of the Memorial Formation, the Lost Branch Formation, and the overlying Hepler unit in Kansas were examined to discover which stratigraphic interval marks the change from the lycopod-dominated coal swamp floras of Middle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian D) age to the fern-dominated coal...
Multispectral thermal infrared mapping of sulfur dioxide plumes: A case study from the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
V.J. Realmuto, A. J. Sutton, T. Elias
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 15057-15072
The synoptic perspective and rapid mode of data acquisition provided by remote sensing are well suited for the study of volcanic SO2 plumes. In this paper we describe a plume-mapping procedure that is based on image data acquired with NASA's airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) and apply the procedure to...
Method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether and its degradation products in water
C.D. Church, L.M. Isabelle, J. F. Pankow, D.L. Rose, P.G. Tratnyek
1997, Environmental Science & Technology (31) 3723-3726
An analytical method is described that can detect the major alkyl ether compounds that are used as gasoline oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE; ethyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE; and tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME) and their most characteristic degradation products (tert-butyl alcohol, TBA; tert-butyl formate, TBF; and tert-amyl alcohol, TAA) in water...
Water level and strain changes preceding and following the August 4, 1985 Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake
E. Roeloffs, E. Quilty
1997, Pure and Applied Geophysics (149) 21-60
Two of the four wells monitored near Parkfield, California, during 1985 showed water level rises beginning three days before the M4 6.1 Kettleman Hills earthquake. In one of these wells, the 3.0 cm rise was nearly unique in five years of water level data. However, in the other well, which...
Effects of exchanged cation on the microporosity of montmorillonite
David W. Rutherford, Cary T. Chiou, Dennis D. Eberl
1997, Clays and Clay Minerals (45) 534-543
The micropore volumes of 2 montmorillonites (SAz-1 and SWy-1), each exchanged with Ca, Na, K, Cs and tetramethylammonium (TMA) ions, were calculated from the measured vapor adsorption data of N2 and neo-hexane by use of t- and αs-plots. The corresponding surface areas of the exchanged clays were determined from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller...
Hydraulic modeling for lahar hazards at cascades volcanoes
J. E. Costa
1997, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (3) 21-30
The National Weather Service flood routing model DAMBRK is able to closely replicate field-documented stages of historic and prehistoric lahars from Mt. Rainier, Washington, and Mt. Hood, Oregon. Modeled time-of-travel of flow waves are generally consistent with documented lahar travel-times from other volcanoes around the world. The model adequately replicates...
Glacier generated floods
J. S. Walder, A. G. Fountain
Leavesley G.H., editor(s)
1997, Destructive water: water-caused natural disasters, their abatement and control. Proc. international conference, California, 1996 107-113
Destructive floods result from drainage of glacier-dammed lakes and sudden release of water stored within glaciers. There is a good basis - both empirical and theoretical - for predicting the magnitude of floods from ice-dammed lakes, although some aspects of flood initiation need to be better understood. In contrast, an...
Experimental manipulations of snow-depth: Effects on nutrient content of caribou forage
Noreen E. Walsh, Thomas R. McCabe, J.M. Welker, A.N. Parsons
1997, Global Change Biology (3) 158-164
We investigated the potential effects of global climate change on arctic tundra vegetation used as caribou forage. A total of 96 experimental plots was established at six sites on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, in 1993 and 1994. We erected snow-fences to increase the amount...
Stratigraphy and structure of the Sevier thrust belt and proximal foreland-basin system in central Utah: A transect from the Sevier Desert to the Wasatch Plateau
T.F. Lawton, D. A. Sprinkel, P.G. Decelles, G. Mitra, A.J. Sussman, M. P. Weiss
1997, Brigham Young University Geology Studies (42) 33-67
The Sevier orogenic belt in central Utah comprises four north-northwest trending thrust plates and two structural culminations that record crustal shortening and uplift in late Mesozoic and early Tertiary time. Synorogenic clastic rocks, mostly conglomerate and sandstone, exposed within the thrust belt were deposited in wedge-top and foredeep depozones within...
Error evaluation of methyl bromide aerodynamic flux measurements
Michael S. Majewski
1997, ACS Symposium Series (652) 135-153
Methyl bromide volatilization fluxes were calculated for a tarped and a nontarped field using 2 and 4 hour sampling periods. These field measurements were averaged in 8, 12, and 24 hour increments to simulate longer sampling periods. The daily flux profiles were progressively smoothed and the cumulative volatility losses increased...
