Tectonics and conductivity structures in the Southern Washington Cascades
William D. Stanley, Carol A. Finn, Joseph L. Plesha
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (92) 10179-10193
The tectonic setting of the southern Washington Cascades has been studied with the aid of magnetotelluric (MT) and other geophysical data. The main feature of interest in the geophysical data is a broad high-conductivity anomaly mapped with MT and geomagnetic variation (GMV) data. This anomaly is located roughly within the...
Comet showers as a cause of mass extinctions
Piet Hut, Walter Alvarez, William P. Elder, Thor Hansen, Erle G. Kauffman, Gerta Keller, Eugene Merle Shoemaker, Paul R. Weissman
1987, Nature (329) 118-126
If at least some mass extinctions are caused by impacts, why do they extend over intervals of one to three million years and have a partly stepwise character? The solution may be provided by multiple cometary impacts. Astronomical, geological and palaeontological evidence is consistent with a...
Below-ground herbivory in natural communities: a review emphasizing fossorial animals
Douglas C. Andersen
1987, The Quarterly Review of Biology (62) 261-286
Roots, bulbs, corms, and other below-ground organs are almost universally present in communities containing vascular plants. A large and taxonomically diverse group of herbivores uses these below-ground plant parts as its sole or primary source of food. Important within this group are plant-parasitic nematodes and several fossorial taxa that affect...
Application of combined Landsat thematic mapper and airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner data to lithologic mapping in Nevada
M. H. Podwysocki, W. J. Ehmann, D.W. Brickey
1987, Pecora XI Symposium 79-82
Future Landsat satellites are to include the Thematic Mapper (TM) and also may incorporate additional multispectral scanners. One such scanner being considered for geologic and other applications is a four-channel thermal-infrared multispectral scanner having 60-m spatial resolution. This paper discusses the results of studies using combined Landsat TM...
Fracture characterization by means of attenuation and generation of tube waves in fractured crystalline rock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire
E.L. Hardin, C.H. Cheng, F.L. Paillet, J.D. Mendelson
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (92) 7989-8006
Results are presented from experiments carried out in conjunction with the U. S. Geological Survey at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. The study focuses on our ability to obtain orientation and transmissivity estimates of naturally occurring fractures. The collected data set includes a four-offset hydrophone...
Persistence of DDT and metabolites in wildlife from Washington State orchards
L. J. Blus, Charles J. Henny, C. J. Stafford, R. A. Grove
1987, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (16) 467-476
Residues of the DDT group, particularly p,p′-DDT (DDT) were detected in high or unusual amounts in some wildlife samples collected in fruit orchards near Wenatchee, Washington from 1979 to 1983. Samples of birds contained p,p′-DDE (DDE) and DDT in ratios (DDE:DDT) as low as 2.6:1 in eggs and 1.9:1 in brains....
Growth and physiological condition of black ducks reared on acidified wetlands
Barnett A. Rattner, G.M. Haramis, Diane S. Chu, C.M. Bunck, C.G. Scanes
1987, Canadian Journal of Zoology (65) 2953-2958
Acid deposition has been identified as one of several possible factors contributing to the decline of some waterfowl populations in North America. In an effort to examine the effects of acidification on black duck (Anas rubripes) recruitment, growth and physiological condition were monitored in ducklings foraging for a 10-day trial...
U. S. Geological Survey begins seismic ground response experiments in Washington State
Arthur C. Tarr, K. W. King
1987, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 160-170
Residents of a West Seattle neighborhood must have been puzzled one Saturday morning in December 1986. Two men were leaning against the wall of a house and rhythmically pushing against it, and were being urged on by the shouts of another man standing on the roof. A horizontal seismometer was...
Volcanism and massive sulfide formation at a sedimented spreading center, Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean
Janet L. Morton, Mark L. Holmes, Randolph A. Koski
1987, Geophysical Research Letters (14) 769-772
Seismic‐reflection profiles over the sediment‐filled Escanaba Trough at the southern Gorda Ridge reveal a series of volcanic centers that pierce the sediment. The volcanic edifices are 3 to 6 km in diameter and are spaced at 15 to 20 km intervals along the axis of the trough. The volcanic intrusions...
Sediment-yield history of a small basin in southern Utah, 1937–1976: Implications for land management and geomorphology
Richard Hereford
1987, Geology (15) 954-957
Alluvium deposited in a reservoir from 1937 to 1976 records the sediment-yield history of a small (2.8 km2), high-relief basin in semiarid southern Utah. Stratification in the alluvium shows that sediment was deposited in the reservoir only 21 times in 38 yr, a runoff recurrence interval of 1.8 yr. Thus,...
A geologic interpretation of seismic-refraction results in northeastern California
Gary S. Fuis, J.J. Zucca, Walter D. Mooney, Bernd Milkereit
1987, GSA Bulletin (98) 53-65
In 1981, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a seismic-refraction experiment in northeastern California designed to study the Klamath Mountains, Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau, and Basin and Range provinces. Key profiles include 135-km-long, north-south lines in the Klamath Mountains and Modoc Plateau provinces and a 260-km-long, east-west line crossing all of...
Overview of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, 1983–1986
Richard J. Blakely
1987, Reviews of Geophysics (25) 895-899
Michael Fuller, author of a similar overview four years ago, concluded that “...the next quadrennium promises to be a most interesting one, with plenty to keep us busy.” The 11 review papers that follow support his prediction; research in geomagnetism and paleomagnetism indeed has flourished over the last four years....
Eocene siliceous and calcareous phytoplankton, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 95
David Bukry
1987, Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P. (95) 395-415
Eocene siliceous and calcareous phytoplankton, with emphasis on silicoflagellates, were studied in 62 samples from DSDP Sites 612 and 613 on the continental slope and rise off New Jersey. The mid-latitude assemblages correlate well with assemblages from California, Peru, and offshore of southern Brazil, but are distinctly different from high-latitude...
Inorganic and organic geochemistry of Eocene to Cretaceous strata recovered from the lower continental rise, North American Basin, Site 603, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 93
Walter E. Dean, M.A. Arthur
1987, Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P. (93) 1093-1137
About one hundred samples of sediments and rocks recovered in Hole 603B were analyzed for type, abundance, and isotopic composition of organic matter, using a combination of Rock-Eval pyrolysis, C-H-N-S elemental analysis, and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Concentrations of major, minor, and trace inorganic elements were determined with a combination of...
Thermal evolution of a differentiated Ganymede and implications for surface features
Randolph L. Kirk, David J. Stevenson
1987, Icarus (69) 91-134
Thermal evolution models are presented for Ganymede, assuming a mostly differentiated initial state of a water ocean overlying a rock layer. The only heat sources are assumed to be primordial heat (provided by accretion) and the long-lived radiogenic heat sources in the rock component. As Ganymede cools, the ocean thins,...
Instream water use in the United States: water laws and methods for determining flow requirements
Berton L. Lamb, Harvey R. Doerksen
1987, Report, National Water Summary 1987
Water use generally is divided into two primary classes - offstream use and instream use. In offstream use, sometimes called out-of-stream or diversionary use, water is withdrawn (diverted) from a stream or aquifer and transported to the place of use. Examples are irrigated agriculture, municipal water supply, and industrial use....
Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California
Thomas J. Stohlgren, David J. Parsons
1987, Atmospheric Environment (21) 1369-1374
Sequoia National Park has monitored wet deposition chemistry in conjunction with the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network (NADP/NTN), on a weekly basis since July, 1980. Annual deposition of H, NO3 and SO4 (0.045, 3.6, and 3.9 kg ha−1 a−1, respectively) is relatively low compared to that measured...
A visit to Stromboli, lighthouse of the Mediterranean
F. M. Bullard
1987, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 199-204
About daybreak of the next morning, the perfect cone-shaped outline of Stromboli appeared on the horizon. No "red" glare could be seen, but a prominent column of white vapor was rising from the crater, and at infrequent emitted. As the boat steamed around the edge of Stromboli, the big "scar'...
FeTi oxide mineralogy and the origin of normal and reverse remanent magnetization in dacitic pumice blocks from Mt. Shasta, California
C.A. Lawson, Gordon L. Nord Jr., D.E. Champion
1987, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (46) 270-288
Detailed mineralogical analyses and rock magnetic experiments have made it possible to directly identify the FeTi oxide phases responsible for the normal and reverse magnetic components of two dacitic pumice blocks from Mt. Shasta, California. Both samples contain a normal component carried by 100 ??m size multi-domain (MD) titanomagnetite (Usp11-24)....
Adult survival and productivity of Northern Fulmars in Alaska
Scott A. Hatch
1987, The Condor (89) 685-696
The population dynamics of Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) were studied at the Semidi Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska. Fulmars occurred in a broad range of color phases, and annual survival was estimated from the return of birds in the rarer plumage classes. A raw estimate of mean annual...
An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries
B.E. Cole, J. E. Cloern
1987, Marine Ecology Progress Series (396) 299-305
e have previously shown that primary productivity in San Francisco Bay, USA, is highly correlated with phytoplankton biomass B (chlorophyll a concentration) and an index of light avallability in the photic zone, 2, I, (photic depth times surface irradiance). To test the generality of this relation, we compiled data from...
Aggressive encounters between tundra swans and greater white-fronted geese during brood rearing
Craig R. Ely, David A. Budeau, Una G. Swain
1987, The Condor (89) 420-422
Interspecific aggression in waterfowl (Anatidae) is relatively common (McKinney 1965; Kear 1972; Savard 1982, 1984), but interactions leading to mortality of one of the combatants are rarely-observed in the wild. A recent debate (Livezey and Humphrey 1985a, 1985b; Nuechterlein and Storer 1985a, 1985b; Murray 1985) has centered on the proximate...
A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 1. Theoretical considerations
M. Yavuz Corapcioglu, Arthur L. Baehr
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 191-200
A mathematical model is developed to describe the fate of hydrocarbon constituents of petroleum products introduced to soils as an immiscible liquid from sources such as leaking underground storage tanks and ruptured pipelines. The problem is one of multiphase transport (oil (immiscible), air, and water phases) of a reactive contaminant...
Pressure sensitivity of low permeability sandstones
N.H. Kilmer, N.R. Morrow, Janet K. Pitman
1987, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering (1) 65-81
Detailed core analysis has been carried out on 32 tight sandstones with permeabilities ranging over four orders of magnitude (0.0002 to 4.8 mD at 5000 psi confining pressure). Relationships between gas permeability and net confining pressure were measured for cycles of loading and unloading. For some samples, permeabilities were measured...
Geochemistry of metal-rich brines from central Mississippi Salt Dome basin, U.S.A.
Y.K. Kharaka, A.S. Maest, W.W. Carothers, LeRoy M. Law, P. J. Lamothe, T. L. Fries
1987, Applied Geochemistry (2) 543-561
Oil-field brines are the most favored ore-forming solutions for the sediment-hosted Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits. Detailed inorganic and organic chemical and isotope analyses of water and gas samples from six oil fields in central Mississippi, one of the very few areas...
