Transport and attenuation of carboxylate-modified latex microspheres in fractured rock laboratory and field tracer tests
M.W. Becker, P.W. Reimus, P. Vilks
1999, Ground Water (37) 387-395
Understanding colloid transport in ground water is essential to assessing the migration of colloid‐size contaminants, the facilitation of dissolved contaminant transport by colloids, in situ bioremediation, and the health risks of pathogen contamination in drinking water wells. Much has been learned through laboratory and field‐scale colloid...
Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption
Robert L. Runkel, Briant A. Kimball, Diane M. McKnight, Kenneth E. Bencala
1999, Water Resources Research (35) 3829-3840
A model for trace metals that considers in-stream transport, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption is presented. Linkage between a surface complexation submodel and the stream transport equations provides a framework for modeling sorption onto static and/or dynamic surfaces. A static surface (e.g., an iron- oxide-coated streambed) is defined as...
Are shifts in herbicide use reflected in concentration changes in Midwestern rivers?
W.A. Battaglin, D. A. Goolsby
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 2917-2925
In many Midwestern rivers, elevated concentrations of herbicides occur during runoff events for 1-3 months following application. The highest or 'peak' herbicide concentration often occurs during one of these runoff events. Herbicide concentrations in rivers are affected by a number of factors, including herbicide use patterns within the associated basin....
Correlated factors in amphibian decline: Exotic species and habitat change in western Washington
M. J. Adams
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 1162-1171
Amphibian declines may frequently be associated with multiple, correlated factors. In western North America, exotic species and hydrological changes are often correlated and are considered 2 of the greatest threats to freshwater systems. Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) introductions are frequently cited as a threat to lentic-breeding anurans native to western North...
Iron reduction in the sediments of a hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer
M.E. Tuccillo, I.M. Cozzarelli, J.S. Herman
1999, Applied Geochemistry (14) 655-667
Sediments sampled at a hydrocarbon-contaminated, glacial-outwash, sandy aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, were analyzed for sediment-associated Fe with several techniques. Extraction with 0.5 M HCl dissolved poorly crystalline Fe oxides and small amounts of Fe in crystalline Fe oxides, and extracted Fe from phyllosilicates. Use...
Correlation of soil and sediment organic matter polarity to aqueous sorption of nonionic compounds
D. E. Kile, R.L. Wershaw, C. T. Chiou
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 2053-2056
Polarities of the soiL/sediment organic matter (SOM) in 19 soil and 9 freshwater sediment sam pies were determined from solid-state 13C-CP/MAS NMR spectra and compared with published partition coefficients (K(oc)) of carbon tetrachloride (CT) from aqueous solution. Nondestructive analysis of whole samples by solid-state NMR permits a direct assessment of...
Determination of pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the San Joaquin River, California, USA, using gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry
B.A. Bergamaschi, D.S. Baston, K.L. Crepeau, K.M. Kuivila
1999, Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry (69) 305-319
An analytical method useful for the quantification of a range of pesticides and pesticide degradation products associated with suspended sediments was developed by testing a variety of extraction and cleanup schemes. The final extraction and cleanup methods chosen for use are suitable for the quantification of the listed pesticides using...
Spectroscopic confirmation of uranium(VI)-carbonato adsorption complexes on hematite
John R. Bargar, Rebecca Reitmeyer, James A. Davis
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 2481-2484
Evaluating societal risks posed by uranium contamination from waste management facilities, mining sites, and heavy industry requires knowledge about uranium transport in groundwater, often the most significant pathway of exposure to humans. It has been proposed that uranium mobility in aquifers may be controlled by adsorption of U(VI)−carbonato complexes on...
Inhibition of precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (mercuric sulfide) by dissolved organic matter isolated from the Florida Everglades
M. Ravichandran, G. R. Aiken, J. N. Ryan, M.M. Reddy
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 1418-1423
Precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (black HgS) was inhibited in the presence of low concentrations (≥3 mg C/L) of humic fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from the Florida Everglades. At low Hg concentrations (≤5 × 10-8 M), DOM prevented the precipitation of metacinnabar. At moderate Hg...
The relative importance of light and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth: A simple index of coastal ecosystem sensitivity to nutrient enrichment
J. E. Cloern
1999, Aquatic Ecology (33) 3-16
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone is now a well-established fact. However, there is still uncertainty about the mechanisms through which nutrient enrichment can disrupt biological communities and ecosystem processes in the coastal zone. For example, while some estuaries exhibit classic symptoms of acute eutrophication, including enhanced production of...
Highest pluvial-lake shorelines and Pleistocene climate of the western Great Basin
M. Reheis
1999, Quaternary Research (52) 196-205
Shoreline altitudes of several pluvial lakes in the western Great Basin of North America record successively smaller lakes from the early to the late Pleistocene. This decrease in lake size indicates a long-term drying trend in the regional climate that is not seen in global marine oxygen-isotope records. At +70...
The effect of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff at Sleepers River, Vermont
J. B. Shanley, A. Chalmers
1999, Hydrological Processes (13) 1843-1857
Soil frost depth has been monitored at the Sleepers River Research Watershed in northeastern Vermont since 1984. Soil frost develops every winter, particularly in open fields, but its depth varies greatly from year to year in inverse relation to snow depth. During the 15...
Relationships between hydraulic parameters in a small stream under varying flow and seasonal conditions
D.R. Hart, P. J. Mulholland, E.R. Marzolf, D.L. DeAngelis, S.P. Hendricks
1999, Hydrological Processes (13) 1497-1510
Twenty conservative tracer injections were carried out in the same reach of a small woodland stream in order to determine how variation in discharge and leaf accumulation affect stream hydraulic parameters. The injections were made at various discharge rates ranging from 2-6 to 40 1/s. Five of the injections were...
Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach
T.D. Davies, M. Tranter, P.J. Wigington Jr., K.N. Eshleman, N.E. Peters, J. Van Sickle, David R. DeWalle, Peter S. Murdoch
1999, Hydrological Processes (13) 1181-1195
Observations from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Episodic Response Project (ERP) in the North-eastern United States are used to develop an empirical/mechanistic scheme for prediction of the minimum values of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) during episodes. An acidification episode is defined as a hydrological event during which ANC decreases. The...
Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region: Invertebrate species composition, ecology, and management
N.H. Euliss Jr., D.A. Wrubleski, D.M. Mushet
D.P. Batzer, R.B. Rader, S.A. Wissinger, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, Invertebrates in freshwater wetlands of North America: Ecology and management
The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States and Canada is a unique area where shallow depressions created by the scouring action of Pleistocene glaciation interact with mid-continental climate variations to create and maintain a variety of wetland classes. These wetlands possess unique environmental and biotic characteristics that add...
Isotopic composition of water in a deep unsaturated zone beside a radioactive-waste disposal area near Beatty, Nevada
David A. Stonestrom, David E. Prudic, Robert G. Striegl
David W. Morganwalp, Herbert T. Buxton, editor(s)
1999, Report, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)
The isotopic composition of water in deep unsaturated zones is of interest because it provides information relevant to hydrologic processes and contaminant migration. Profiles of oxygen-18 (18O), deuterium (D), and tritium (3H) from a 110-meter deep unsaturated zone, together with data on the isotopic composition of ground water...
Altitude of the top of the Minnekahta Limestone in the Black Hills area, South Dakota
Janet M. Carter, Jack A. Redden
1999, Hydrologic Atlas 744-B
This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and groundwater in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoli, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey...
Altitude of the top of the Deadwood Formation in the Black Hills area, South Dakota
Janet M. Carter, Jack A. Redden
1999, Hydrologic Atlas 744-E
This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological...
Geochronologic and isotope studies of calcite and silica constraining Quaternary unsaturated- and saturated zone hydrologic flux at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA
James B. Paces, Zell E. Peterman, Leonid A. Neymark, Joseph F. Whelan, Brian D. Marshall
1999, Conference Paper, Use of hydrogeochemical information in testing groundwater flow models: Technical summary and proceedings of a workshop
Both unsaturated- and saturated-zone aqueous solutions are capable of precipitating secondary mineral deposits that document the history and origins of past water flux. Calcite and opal occur as thin coatings on open fractures and cavity floors within the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. Outermost surfaces of calcite have 14C ages...
Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment
Thomas K. Edwards, G. Douglas Glysson
1999, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-C2
This chapter describes equipment and procedures for collection and measurement of fluvial sediment. The complexity of the hydrologic and physical environments and man's ever-increasing data needs make it essential for those responsible for the collection of sediment data to be aware of basic concepts involved in processes of erosion, transport,...
Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents
Winfield G. Wright, D. Kirk Nordstrom
1999, Report
Natural and mining-related dissolved-constituent concentrations need to be distinguished in a watershed affected by abandoned mines to prioritize subbasins for remediation and to assist with the establishment of water-quality standards. The oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to distinguish between natural and mining-related sources of dissolved constituents. Several...
Water-quality variability in San Francisco Bay: general patterns of change during 1997
J. E. Cloern, B.E. Cole, J.L. Edmunds, J.I. Baylosis
1999, Report, 1997 annual report, San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances
The 1997 Annual Report is the fifth Annual Report from the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) and contains a comprehensive description of RMP results from the 1997 monitoring year. As in previous years, the report includes results from the Base Program (water, sediment, and bivalve monitoring) and results...
Synoptic survey of septic indicators in streams and springs at Monte Sano Mountain, Madison County, Alabama, January 29-31, 1998
Ann K. McPherson, Will S. Mooty
1999, Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4230
The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a synoptic investigation of fecal bacterial pollution in headwater streams and springs on Monte Sano Mountain. A total of 18 sites were sampled over a 3 day period in late January 1998. Fifteen of the sites were located hydrologically downgradient from residential areas on top...
A Study of Natural and Restored Wetland Hydrology
E. Randall Bayless, Leslie D. Arihood, William C. Sidle, Noel B. Pavlovic
1999, Fact Sheet 104-99
The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are jointly studying the hydrology of a long-existing natural wetland and a recently restored wetland in the Kankakee River Valley in northwestern Indiana. In characterizing the two wetlands, project investigators are testing innovative methods to identify the analytical tools best...
Stratigraphy and hydrologic conditions at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York, 1994-97
Michael P. Scorca, William R. Dorsch, Douglas E. Paquette
1999, Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4086
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has installed many test borings as part of an effort to delineate the extent of ground-water contamination at the site. In 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in cooperation with BNL to define the stratigraphy in the 28-square-mile area encompassing BNL, and to monitor...
