A method for nitrate collection for δ15N and δ18O analysis from waters with low nitrate concentrations
Cecily C.Y. Chang, J. Langston, M. Riggs, K. Campbell, S. R. Silva, C. Kendall
1999, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (56) 1856-1864
Recently, methods have been developed to analyze NO3- for δ15N and δ18O, improving our ability to identify NO3- sources and transformations. However, none of the existing methods are suited for waters with low NO3- concentrations (0.7-10 µM). We describe an improved method for collecting and recovering NO3- on exchange columns....
Development of a comprehensive watershed model applied to study stream yield under drought conditions
S.P. Perkins, M. Sophocleous
1999, Groundwater (37) 418-426
We developed a model code to simulate a watershed's hydrology and the hydraulic response of an interconnected stream-aquifer system, and applied the model code to the Lower Republican River Basin in Kansas. The model code links two well-known computer programs: MODFLOW (modular 3-D flow...
A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins
K.L. Verdin, J. P. Verdin
1999, Journal of Hydrology (218) 1-12
A comprehensive reference system for the Earth's river basins is proposed as a support to fiver basin management, global change research, and the pursuit of sustainable development. A natural system for delineation and codification of basins is presented which is based upon topographic control and the topology of the fiver...
Strategies for ensuring global consistency/comparability of water-quality data
J.M. Klein
1999, Conference Paper, IAHS-AISH Publication
In the past 20 years the water quality of the United States has improved remarkably-the waters are safer for drinking, swimming, and fishing. However, despite many accomplishments, it is still difficult to answer such basic questions as: 'How clean is the water?' and 'How is it changing over time?' These...
Tracer and hydrometric study of preferential flow in large undisturbed soil cores from the Georgia Piedmont, USA
Janice McIntosh, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Norman E. Peters
1999, Hydrological Processes (13) 139-155
We studied the temporal patterns of tracer throughput in the outflow of large (30 cm diameter by 38 cm long) undisturbed cores from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. Tracer breakthrough was affected by soil structure and rainfall intensity. Two rainfall intensities (20 and 40 mm hr-1) for separate Cl-...
Effects of dynamic redox zonation on the potential for natural attenuation of trichloroethylene at a fire-training-impacted aquifer
K.L. Skubal, S.K. Haack, L.J. Forney, P. Adriaens
1999, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere (24) 517-527
Hydrogeochemical and microbiological methods were used to characterize temporal changes along a transect of an aquifer contaminated by mixed hydrocarbon and solvent wastes from fire training activities at Wurtsmith Air Force Base (Oscoda, MI). Predominant terminal electron accepting processes (TEAPs) as measured by dissolved hydrogen indicated reoxygenation along the transect...
Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption
Robert L. Runkel, Briant A. Kimball, Diane M. McKnight, Kenneth E. Bencala
1999, Water Resources Research (35) 3829-3840
A model for trace metals that considers in-stream transport, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption is presented. Linkage between a surface complexation submodel and the stream transport equations provides a framework for modeling sorption onto static and/or dynamic surfaces. A static surface (e.g., an iron- oxide-coated streambed) is defined as...
Inhibition of precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (mercuric sulfide) by dissolved organic matter isolated from the Florida Everglades
M. Ravichandran, G. R. Aiken, J. N. Ryan, M.M. Reddy
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 1418-1423
Precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (black HgS) was inhibited in the presence of low concentrations (≥3 mg C/L) of humic fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from the Florida Everglades. At low Hg concentrations (≤5 × 10-8 M), DOM prevented the precipitation of metacinnabar. At moderate Hg...
Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA
Gary L. Larson, G.A. Lomnicky, Robert Hoffman, W.J. Liss, E. Deimling
1999, Environmental Management (24) 219-228
A basic knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes is needed by management to make informed decisions to protect water resources. In this study we investigated some of the physical and chemical characteristics of 58 lakes in alpine, subalpine, and forest vegetation zones in a natural area (North...
The distribution of, and relation among, mercury and methylmercury, organic carbon, carbonate, nitrogen and phosphorus, in periphyton of the south Florida ecosystem
N.S. Simon, R. Spencer, T. Cox
1999, Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry (69) 417-433
Periphyton samples from Water Conservation Areas, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Everglades National Park in south Florida were analyzed for concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon. Concentrations of total mercury in periphyton decrease slightly along a gradient from north‐to‐south. Both...
Distribution of microbial physiologic types in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil
B.A. Bekins, E.M. Godsy, E. Warren
1999, Microbial Ecology (37) 263-275
We conducted a plume-scale study of the microbial ecology in the anaerobic portion of an aquifer contaminated by crude-oil compounds. The data provide insight into the patterns of ecological succession, microbial nutrient demands, and the relative importance of free-living versus attached microbial populations. The most probable number (MPN) method was...
Altitude of the top of the Deadwood Formation in the Black Hills area, South Dakota
Janet M. Carter, Jack A. Redden
1999, Hydrologic Atlas 744-E
This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological...
Altitude of the top of the Minnekahta Limestone in the Black Hills area, South Dakota
Janet M. Carter, Jack A. Redden
1999, Hydrologic Atlas 744-B
This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and groundwater in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoli, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey...
Geochronologic and isotope studies of calcite and silica constraining Quaternary unsaturated- and saturated zone hydrologic flux at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA
James B. Paces, Zell E. Peterman, Leonid A. Neymark, Joseph F. Whelan, Brian D. Marshall
1999, Conference Paper, Use of hydrogeochemical information in testing groundwater flow models: Technical summary and proceedings of a workshop
Both unsaturated- and saturated-zone aqueous solutions are capable of precipitating secondary mineral deposits that document the history and origins of past water flux. Calcite and opal occur as thin coatings on open fractures and cavity floors within the thick unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. Outermost surfaces of calcite have 14C ages...
Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment
Thomas K. Edwards, G. Douglas Glysson
1999, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-C2
This chapter describes equipment and procedures for collection and measurement of fluvial sediment. The complexity of the hydrologic and physical environments and man's ever-increasing data needs make it essential for those responsible for the collection of sediment data to be aware of basic concepts involved in processes of erosion, transport,...
Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents
Winfield G. Wright, D. Kirk Nordstrom
1999, Report
Natural and mining-related dissolved-constituent concentrations need to be distinguished in a watershed affected by abandoned mines to prioritize subbasins for remediation and to assist with the establishment of water-quality standards. The oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to distinguish between natural and mining-related sources of dissolved constituents. Several...
Water-quality variability in San Francisco Bay: general patterns of change during 1997
J. E. Cloern, B.E. Cole, J.L. Edmunds, J.I. Baylosis
1999, Report, 1997 annual report, San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances
The 1997 Annual Report is the fifth Annual Report from the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) and contains a comprehensive description of RMP results from the 1997 monitoring year. As in previous years, the report includes results from the Base Program (water, sediment, and bivalve monitoring) and results...
Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri-1993-96
Joseph M. Richards
1999, Open-File Report 99-607
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and the city of Columbia, Missouri, collected hydrologic data from September 1993 through October 1996 as part of a hydrologic characterization of the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex. The wetland complex was constructed in the Missouri River alluvial plain...
A Study of Natural and Restored Wetland Hydrology
E. Randall Bayless, Leslie D. Arihood, William C. Sidle, Noel B. Pavlovic
1999, Fact Sheet 104-99
The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are jointly studying the hydrology of a long-existing natural wetland and a recently restored wetland in the Kankakee River Valley in northwestern Indiana. In characterizing the two wetlands, project investigators are testing innovative methods to identify the analytical tools best...
Sea-level rise and coastal forests on the Gulf of Mexico
Kimberlyn Williams, Zuleika S. Pinzon, Richard P. Stumpf, Ellen A. Raabe
1999, Open-File Report 99-441
In this report, we review literature pertaining to the response of coastal forests on the Gulf of Mexico to sea-level rise. The report is divided into chapters that discuss effects of sea-level rise on non-mangrove forests, effects of sea-level rise on mangrove forests, and responses of Gulf coast trees to...
Ground-water resources of Tooele Valley, Utah
David D. Susong
1999, Fact Sheet 125-99
Ground water provides much of the water supply for residents of Tooele Valley (fig. 1). The protection, development, and wise management of ground-water resources are important to support community growth and to ensure the continued availability of ground water for all users.The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Tooele County,...
Model input and output files for the simulation of time of arrival of landfill leachate at the water table, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas
Cynthia G. Abeyta, Peter F. Frenzel
1999, Open-File Report 98-397
This report contains listings of model input and output files for the simulation of the time of arrival of landfill leachate at the water table from the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Facility (MSWLF), about 10 miles northeast of downtown El Paso, Texas. This simulation was done by the U.S. Geological...
Numerical simulation of vertical ground-water flux of the Rio Grande from ground-water temperature profiles, central New Mexico
James R. Bartolino, Richard G. Niswonger
1999, Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4212
An important gap in the understanding of the hydrology of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, central New Mexico, is the rate at which water from the Rio Grande recharges the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. Several methodologies-including use of the Glover-Balmer equation, flood pulses, and channel permeameters- have been applied...
Distribution of major herbicides in ground water of the United States
Jack E. Barbash, Gail P. Thelin, Dana W. Kolpin, Robert J. Gilliom
1999, Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4245
Information on the concentrations and spatial distributions of pesticides and their transformation products, or degradates, in the hydrologic system is essential for managing pesticide use in both agricultural and nonagricultural settings to protect water resources. This report examines the occurrence of selected herbicides and their degradates in ground water, primarily...
Selected hydrologic features of the Lake Tahoe Basin and surrounding area, California and Nevada, 1998
J. LaRue Smith, J.C. Stone, T.G. Rowe, J.V. Gardener
1999, Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4031
