The tundra phenology database: More than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change
Janet S. Prevey, Sarah Claire Elmendorf, Anne Bjorkman, J. M. Alatalo, Isabel Ashton, Jakob J. Assmann, Robert G Bjork, Mats P. Bjorkman, Nicoletta Cannone, Michele Carbognani, Chelsea Chisholm, Karin Clark, Courtney G. Collins, Elisabeth J. Cooper, Bo Elberling, Esther R. Frei, Greg Henry, Robert D. Hollister, Toke Thomas Hoye, Ingibjorg Svala Jonsdottir, Jeffrey T. Kerby, Kari Klanderud, Christopher Kopp, Esther Levesque, Marguerite Mauritz, Ulf Molau, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Susan M. Natali, Steven F. Oberbauer, Zoe Panchen, Alessandro Petraglia, Eric Post, Christian Rixen, Heidi Rodenhizer, Sabine B. Rumpf, Niels Martin Schmidt, Ted Schuur, Philipp R. Semenchuk, Jane Griffin Smith, Katharine Suding, Ørjan Totland, Tiffany G. Troxler, Henrik Wahren, Jeffrey M. Welker, Sonja Wipf, Yue Yang
2022, Arctic Science (8) 1026-1039
Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection...
A graphical causal model for resolving species identity effects and biodiversity–ecosystem function correlations: comment
James B. Grace, Michel Loreau, Bernhard Schmid
Brian D. Inouye, editor(s)
2022, Ecology (103)
In a recent paper, Schoolmaster, Zirbel, and Cronin (SZC) (2020) claim “Formal causal analysis show[s] that biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) correlations are non-causal associations.” If this conclusion is accepted as true, it suggests a reconsideration of much of our current understanding of how biodiversity relates to the functioning of ecosystems. On...
The precarious position of wildlife conservation funding in the United States
Mark D. Duda, Tom Beppler, Douglas S. Austen, John F. Organ
2022, Human Dimensions of Wildlife (27) 164-172
The Pittman-Robertson Act was established in 1937 to fund state-based wildlife conservation through an existing excise tax on sporting arms and ammunition. Because these items were purchased mostly by hunters at the time, they were the user group primarily funding wildlife conservation. Subsequent amendments to Pittman-Robertson...
Factors influencing the use of water-filled tree cavities by eastern ratsnakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)
Brett Alexander DeGregorio, J. H. Sperry, P. J. Weatherhead
2022, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (16) 173-182
For some animals, specific microhabitats may be particularly important for certain behaviors and/or age or sex classes. Here we explore the use of previously unrecognized retreat sites (water-filled tree cavities) by Eastern Ratsnakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis). During 4 y of radio telemetry, approximately half of the 45 ratsnakes monitored used water-filled...
Cognitive and behavioral coping in response to wildlife disease: The case of hunters and chronic wasting disease
Susan A. Schroeder, Adam Landon, Louis J. Cornicelli, David C. Fulton, Leslie McInenly
2022, Human Dimensions of Wildlife (27) 251-272
The transactional model of stress and coping (TMSC) provides a conceptual framework for understanding adaptations to stressors like chronic wasting disease (CWD). Understanding hunter response to stressors is important because decreased participation and satisfaction can affect individual well-being, cultural traditions, agency revenue, and local economies. Using TMSC, we explored how...
A novel framework to predict relative habitat selection in aquatic systems: Applying machine learning and resource selection functions to acoustic telemetry data from multiple shark species
Lucas P. Griffin, Grace A. Casselberry, Kristen Hart, Adrian Jordaan, Sarah L. Becker, Ashleigh J. Novak, Bryan M. DeAngelis, Clayton G. Pollock, Ian Lundgren, Zandy Hillis-Starr, Andy J. Danylchuk, Gregory B. Skomal
2022, Frontiers in Marine Science (8)
Resource selection functions (RSFs) have been widely applied to animal tracking data to examine relative habitat selection and to help guide management and conservation strategies. While readily used in terrestrial ecology, RSFs have yet to be extensively used within marine systems. As acoustic telemetry continues to be a pervasive approach...
Ostracod eye size: A taxonomy-free indicator of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum sea level
Skye Y Tian, Moriaki Yasuhara, Marci M. Robinson, Huai-Hsuan M Huang
2022, Marine Micropaleontology (174)
Deep-time sea-level changes associated with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) are of great interest to paleoceanographers and paleontologists, especially in shallow marine settings, like the Atlantic Coastal Plain PETM sections of the Eastern North American Continental Shelf. Accurate paleo-water depth reconstruction...
Evaluation of visual implant elastomer, PIT, and p-Chip tagging methods in a small-bodied minnow species
Desiree M. Moore, Shannon K. Brewer
2022, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (41) 1066-1078
Reliable fish tagging methods are needed to conduct studies (e.g., movement, habitat, abundance) that inform conservation and management decisions; however, dependable tagging approaches are lacking for many small-bodied fishes. Therefore, our study objective was to determine survival, tag retention (visible implant elastomer [VIE], PIT, or light-activated microtransponder [“p-Chip”]) and tagging...
Sarcoptic mange: An emerging panzootic in wildlife
L. E. Escobar, Scott Carver, Paul C. Cross, Luca Rossi, E. S. Almberg, M. J. Yabsley, K D Niedringhaus, Peach Van Wick, Ernesto Dominguez-Villegas, F.F. Gakuya, Yue Xie, Samer Angelone, Christian Gortazar, Francisca Astorga
2022, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (69) 927-942
Sarcoptic mange, a skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging disease for some species of wildlife, potentially jeopardizing their welfare and conservation. Sarcoptes scabiei has a near-global distribution facilitated by its forms of transmission and use of a large diversity of host species (many of those with broad geographic...
Developing common protocols to measure tundra herbivory across spatial scales
Isabel C. Barrio, D. Ehrich, E. M. Soininen, V. T. Ravolainen, C. G. Bueno, O. Gilg, A. M. Koltz, J. D. M. Speed, D. S. Hik, M. Morsdorf, J. M. Alatalo, A. Angerbjörn, J. Bêty, L. Bollache, N. Boulanger-Lapointe, G. S. Brown, I. Eischeid, Marie-Andree Giroux, T. Hajek, B. B. Hansen, S. P. Hofhuis, Jean-François Lamarre, J. R. Lang, C. Latty, N. Lecomte, P. Macek, L. Mckinnon, Isla H. Myers-Smith, A. O. Pedersen, Janet S. Prevey, J. D. Roth, Sarah T. Saalfeld, N. M. Schmidt, P. Smith, A. Sokolov, N. Sokolova, C. Stolz, R. van Bemmelen, O Varpe, P. F. Woodard, I. S. Jonsdottir
2022, Arctic Science (8) 638-679
Understanding and predicting large-scale ecological responses to global environmental change requires comparative studies across geographic scales with coordinated efforts and standardized methodologies. We designed, applied and assessed standardized protocols to measure tundra herbivory at three spatial scales: plot, site (habitat), and study area (landscape). The plot and site-level...
Mechanisms controlling climate warming impact on the occurrence of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay
Richard Tian, Carl Cerco, Gopal Bhatt, Lewis C. Linker, Gary W. Shenk
2022, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (58) 855-875
AClimate change represents an increasing stressor on estuarine and coastal ecosystems. A series of simulations were run using the Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model to determine the magnitude of various mechanisms controlling the effect of climate warming on dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Chesapeake Bay. The results suggested that the...
Recent recovery and expansion of Guam’s locally endangered Såli (Micronesian Starling) Aplonis opaca population in the presence of the invasive brown treesnake
Henry Pollock, Martin Kastner, Gary Wiles, Hugo Thierry, Laura Duenas, Eben H. Paxton, Nicole Suckow, Jeff Quitugua, Haldre Rogers
2022, Bird Conservation International (32) 95-110
Assessing the impacts of invasive predators on the demography and distribution of native species is critical for understanding mechanisms of species persistence and informing the design of recovery programmes. On the oceanic island of Guam, the introduction of the predatory brown treesnake Boiga irregularis after World War II caused the near-total...
Evidence for maternal style among adult female dolphins when sharing pectoral fin contacts with their calves
Kathleen M. Dudzinski, Christine Ribic, Heather M. Manitzas Hill, Teresa T. Bolton
2022, Animal Behavior and Cognition (8) 52-68
Adult bottlenose dolphins share pectoral fin contacts (PFC) to manage their social relationships but less is known about how mothers share PFC with their calves. Using a dataset collected over 16 years, we analyzed how 10 matrilines, including three second generation female dolphins in a maternal role, used PFC with...
Aquatic toxicity of chemical road dust suppressants to freshwater organisms
Bethany K. Kunz, Edward E. Little, Vincent L. Barandino
2022, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (82) 294-305
Unpaved roads make up at least 14 million kilometers of the worldwide road network. Although investigations of road runoff often are focused on paved roads, unpaved roads contribute large volumes of runoff to roadside aquatic habitats and introduce unique constituents to runoff, such as chemical dust suppressants. At least 200...
River floodplain abandonment and channel deepening coincide with the onset of clear-cut logging in a coastal California redwood forest
William A. L. Chapman, Noah J. Finnegan, Allison M. Pfeiffer, SeanPaul La Selle
2022, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (47) 994-1012
Changes in both land use and climate can alter the balance of transport capacity and sediment supply in rivers. Hence, the primary driver of recent incision or aggradation in alluvial channels is often unclear. The San Lorenzo River on the central coast of California is one location where both climate...
Aleutian Low variability for the last 7500 years and its relation to the Westerly Jet
Kana Nagashima, Jason A. Addison, Tomohisa Irino, Takayuki Omori, Kei Yoshimura, Naomi Harada
2022, Quaternary Research (108) 161-179
The Aleutian Low (AL) is one of the major atmospheric systems that determines environmental conditions during winter in the North Pacific Ocean, with impacts that affect the climates of both Asia and North America from mid- to high latitudes. However, the multi-centennial and longer scale behavior of...
Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb isotope geochemistry of Early Miocene shoshonitic lavas from the South Fiji Basin: Note
Nick Mortimer, Delphine Bosch, Christine Laporte-Magoni, Erin Todd, James B Gill
2022, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics (65) 374-379
We present new Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb isotope data for Early Miocene shoshonitic and high-K lavas dredged from seamounts in the South Fiji Basin, southwest Pacific Ocean. Our analyses provide a useful reference dataset for this distinctive compositional suite. The shoshonitic lavas formed in an intra-oceanic back-arc basin setting...
S2HM must be real-time or not?
Mehmet Celebi, Maria Limongelli
2022, Conference Paper, European workshop on structural health monitoring: Special collection of 2020 papers - Volume 1
Seismic structural health monitoring (S2HM) has advanced significantly in the last three decades. However, currently there is no consensus on the need for real-time processing of data acquired during an earthquake. Numerous applications exist whereby S2HM-equipped systems record valuable seismic response data. A delayed use of the seismic data prohibits...
The roles of phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in morphology and performance of an invasive species in a novel environment
Marcel-Kate G. Jardeleza, Jonathan B Koch, Ian S. Pearse, Cameron K. Ghalambor, Ruth A. Hufbauer
2022, Ecological Entomology (47) 25-37
(1) Species introductions provide insights into rapid adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity, as populations encounter and respond to new environments and selection pressures. However, maladaptive responses are increasingly recognized to also be common in nature. The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, has rapidly invaded divergent environments providing the opportunity to examine...
Budburst timing of valley oaks at Hastings Reservation, central coastal California
Walter D. Koenig, Mario B. Pesendorfer, Ian S. Pearse, William J. Carmen, Johannes M.H. Knops
2022, Madroño (68) 434-442
We studied the timing of budburst of valley oak (Quercus lobata Née) at Hastings Reservation, central coastal California. Similar to other taxa, budburst was advanced by warmer temperatures. Over the 30-year study period, however, there were no significant trends in either air temperature or the timing of budburst, except during the...
Tungsten skarn potential of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, eastern Alaska, USA—A mineral resource assessment
George N.D. Case, Garth E. Graham, Erin E. Marsh, Ryan D. Taylor, Carlin J. Green, Philip J. Brown, Keith A. Labay
2022, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (232)
Tungsten (W) is used in a variety of industrial and technological applications and has been identified as a critical mineral for the United States, India, the European Union, and other countries. These countries rely on W imports mostly from China, which leaves them vulnerable to supply disruption. Consequently, the U.S. government has...
Identifying turbulence features hindering swimming capabilities of grass carp larvae (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through submerged vegetation
Rafael O. Tinoco, Andres F. Prada, Amy E. George, Benjamin H. Stahlschmidt, P. Ryan Jackson, Duane Chapman
2022, Journal of Ecohydraulics (7) 4-16
Aquatic vegetation can provide habitat and refuge for a variety of species in streams. However, the flow features generated by submerged patches of vegetation can also pose a challenge for fish larvae. We conducted a series of experiments with live grass carp larvae (starting ∼50 h post hatch)...
Diagenesis of Vera Rubin ridge, Gale crater, Mars from Mastcam multispectral images
Briony H. N. Horgan, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Abigail A. Fraeman, Melissa Rice, Christina Seeger, James F. Bell, Kristen A. Bennett, Edward A. Cloutis, Lauren A. Edgar, Jens Frydenvang, John P. Grotzinger, Jonas L’Haridon, Samantha Jacob, Nicolas Mangold, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Frances Rivera-Hernandez, Vivian Z. Sun, Lucy Thompson, Danika F. Wellington
2022, JGR Planets (125)
Images from the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission of lacustrine sedimentary rocks of Vera Rubin ridge on “Mt. Sharp” in Gale crater, Mars, have shown stark color variations from red to purple to gray. These color differences crosscut stratigraphy and are likely due to diagenetic alteration of the sediments after...
Condition of resident fish communities in the Eighteenmile Creek Area of Concern, New York
Scott D. George, Barry P. Baldigo, Scott F. Collins, David Clarke, Dylan R. Winterhalter
2022, Journal of Great Lakes Research (48) 404-411
The lower 3.5 km of Eighteenmile Creek, a tributary to Lake Ontario in New York, was designated as an Area of Concern (AOC) in 1985 under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement due to extensive contamination of bed sediments by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other toxicants. Five beneficial use impairments (BUIs)...
Novel circoviruses detected in feces of Sonoran felids
Natalie Payne, Simona Kraberger, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Kara Schmidlin, Melissa H. Bergeman, Ivonne Cassaigne, Melanie Culver, Arvind Varsani, Koenraad Van Doorslaer
2022, Viruses (12)
Sonoran felids are threatened by drought and habitat fragmentation. Vector range expansion and anthropogenic factors such as habitat encroachment and climate change are altering viral evolutionary dynamics and exposure. However, little is known about the diversity of viruses present in these populations. Small felid populations with lower genetic diversity are...
