Evaluation of measurement scale using imbibition experiments in volcanic tuffs
Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Kenneth A. Richards
1994, Soil Science Society of America Journal (58) 94-102
A major issue in the site characterization at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high-level nuclear waste repository, is the relevance of laboratory-scale measurements on cores to field-scale processes, particularly water flow. Calculation of Philip`s sorptivity parameter using imbibition of water into rock was selected as a simple...
Geochemical evidence for enhanced preservation of organic matter in the oxygen minimum zone of the continental margin of northern California during the Late Pleistocene
Walter E. Dean, James V. Gardner, Roger Y. Anderson
1994, Paleoceanography (9) 47-61
The present upper water mass of the northeastern Pacific Ocean off California has a well-developed oxygen minimum zone between 600 and 1200 m wherein concentrations of dissolved oxygen are less than 0.5 mL/L. Even at such low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, benthic burrowing organisms are abundant enough to thoroughly bioturbate...
Large-explosive source, wide-recording aperture, seismic profiling on the Columbia Plateau, Washington
Craig M. Jarchow, Rufus D. Catchings, William J. Lutter
1994, Geophysics (59) 259-271
Clear subsurface seismic images have been obtained at low cost on the Columbia Plateau, Washington. The Columbia Plateau is perhaps the most notorious of all 'bad-data' areas because large impedance contrasts in surface flood basalts severely degrade the seismic wavefield. This degradation was mitigated in this study via a large-explosive...
Vulnerability to predation and physiological stress responses of experimentally descaled juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Dena M. Gadomski, Matthew G. Mesa, Todd M. Olson
1994, Environmental Biology of Fishes (39) 191-199
Juvenile salmonids,Oncorhynchus spp., commonly encounter conditions (e.g., during hatchery release and dam passage) that result in damage to the skin, scale, and slime complex. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine if descaling of juvenile chinook salmon,O. tshawytscha, increased their vulnerability to predation, and to assess the...
In situ measurement of seismic shear-wave absorption in the San Francisco Holocene Bay Mud by the pulse-broadening method
Hsi-Ping Liu, Richard E. Warrick, Robert E. Westerlund, Robert E. Kayen
1994, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (84) 62-75
By the pulse-broadening method, seismic absorption of San Francisco Holocene Bay Mud has been determined with the use of an impulsive shear-wave source at the surface, two receivers embedded in clay (Holocene Bay Mud), and digital seismic recording. The seismic anelastic quality factor is determined from 20 measurements to be...
The attenuation of seismic shear waves in quaternary alluvium in Santa Clara Valley, California
James F. Gibbs, David M. Boore, William B. Joyner, Thomas E. Fumal
1994, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (84) 76-90
We used shear waves, generated by an air-powered source at the ground surface and recorded in a borehole, to estimate the shear-wave quality factor at strong-motion station Gilroy no. 2. We find similar values of Q using both the decay of the spectra with depth and the slope of the...
Memorial of Charles Milton; April 25, 1896-October 4, 1990
Harvey E. Belkin, Edward J. Dwornik
1994, American Mineralogist (79) 190-192
No abstract available ...
The use of simulation and multiple environmental tracers to quantify groundwater flow in a shallow aquifer
Thomas E. Reilly, Niel Plummer, Patrick J. Phillips, Eurybiades Busenberg
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 421-433
Measurements of the concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and other environmental tracers can be used to calculate recharge ages of shallow groundwater and estimate rates of groundwater movement. Numerical simulation also provides quantitative estimates of flow rates, flow paths, and mixing properties of the groundwater system. The environmental tracer techniques...
Regional propagation characteristics and source parameters of earthquakes in northeastern North America
John Boatwright
1994, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (84) 1-15
The vertical components of the S wave trains recorded on the Eastern Canadian Telemetered Network (ECTN) from 1980 through 1990 have been spectrally analyzed for source, site, and propagation characteristics. The data set comprises some 1033 recordings of 97 earthquakes whose magnitudes range from M ≈ 3 to 6....
Structure, metamorphism, and geochronology of the Cosmos Hills and Ruby Ridge, Brooks Range schist belt, Alaska
Peter B. Christiansen, Lawrence W. Snee
1994, Tectonics (13) 193-213
The boundary of the internal zones of the Brooks Range orogenic belt (the schist belt) is a fault contact that dips toward the hinterland (the Yukon-Koyukuk province). This fault, here referred to as the Cosmos Hills fault zone, juxtaposes oceanic rocks and unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks structurally above blueschist-to-greenschist facies metamorphic...
Sedimentology of subaqueous volcaniclastic sediment gravity flows in the Neogene Santa Maria Basin, California
Ronald B. Cole, Richard G. Stanley
1994, Sedimentology (41) 37-54
Subaqueous tuff deposits within the lower Miocene Lospe Formation of the Santa Maria Basin, California, are up to 20 m thick and were deposited by high density turbidity flows after large volumes of ash were supplied to the basin and remobilized. Tuff units in the Lospe Formation include a lower...
How permeable are clays and shales?
C. E. Neuzil
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 145-150
The permeability of argillaceous formations, although rarely measured and poorly understood, is commonly a critical parameter in analyses of subsurface flow. Data now available suggest a regular relation between permeability and porosity in clays and shales and permeabilities that, even at large scales, are significantly lower than usually...
Effects of the planar PCB 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) on ovarian development, plasma levels of sex steroid hormones and vitellogenin, and progeny survival in the white perch (Morone americana)
Emily Monosson, Walker J Fleming, C. O’Sullivan
1994, Aquatic Toxicology (29) 1-19
Adult white perch were given three intraperitoneal injections of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) at one of three different doses (0.2–5.0 mg TCB/kg body weight). The TCB injections were initiated approx. 3 months prior to the spawning season and given at 3-week intervals. Fewer females matured in the group receiving the highest dose...
Color phases of lumpfish fry
J.R. Moring
1994, Maine Naturalist (2) 11-14
No abstract available....
Reproductive and trophic ecology of the soldierfish Myripristis amaena in tropical fisheries
A.J. Dee, J.D. Parrish
1994, Fishery Bulletin (92) 516-530
Squirrelfish of the genus Myripristis are valued in small-scale fisheries throughout much of the tropics. The life history and species biology of most of these soldierfishes is poorly known. For the brick soldierfish, M. amaena, in Hawaii and Johnston Atoll, we found that sexual maturity for both sexes was reached...
Crop damage by deer at Gettysburg Park
G.M. Vecellio, R.H. Yahner, G.L. Storm
1994, Wildlife Society Bulletin (22) 89-93
No abstract available. ...
Wildlife association with human‐altered water sources in semiarid vegetation communities
D.W. Burkett, B.C. Thompson
1994, Conservation Biology (8) 682-690
Based on common use in wildlife management, we hypothesized that human‐constructed water sources influence faunal communities detectably compared to similar habitats that lack water. We examined 20 wildlife water units and 20 paired comparison sites without water from April to August 1992 in semiarid southern New Mexico to assess animal...
Instream flows to assist the recovery of endangered fishes of the upper Colorado River basin
J. A. Stanford
1994, Biological Report (24) 47-47
The riverine landscape of the upper Colorado River basin has been extensively modified by dams, diversions, revetments, and water abstractions. These changes, probably coupled with the introduction of many nonnative fishes, have compromised the existence of four of the native fishes (Colorado River squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius, humpback chub Gila cypha,...
Habitat use by an endangered riverine fish and implications for species protection
B. J. Freeman, Mary Freeman
1994, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (3) 49-58
We investigated habitat specificity of the amber darter (Percina antesella Williams & Etnier 1977), an imperiled fish from restricted portions of 2 rivers in the southeastern United States. Foraging amber darters occupied a narrow range of riffle habitat, consistently avoiding areas < 20 cm deep and with velocity < 10 cm....
Fox River Basin: Management plan
Robert A. Hrabik
1994, Book
No abstract available....
In vitro growth of the bacterial kidney disease organism Renibacterium salmoninarum on a nonserum, noncharcoal-based "homospecies-metabolite" medium
J. Teska
1994, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (303) 383-388
Laboratory and field trials were conducted to evaluate in vitro growth of Renibacterium salmoninarum in media without serum or charcoal. Growth of this bacterium, the cause of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonids, is accelerated by addition of a growth enhancing “metabolite” of unknown composition to KDM2 medium, the medium commonly used...
Persistence of metals in soil and selected vertebrates in the vicinity of the Palmerton zinc smelters
G.L. Storm, G.J. Fosmire, E.D. Bellis
1994, Journal of Environmental Quality (23) 508-514
Concentration of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in soil and wildlife at the Palmerton zinc smelter site in eastern Pennsylvania were determined 6 yr after zinc smelting was terminated in 1980. Levels of the four metals were higher in litter (01 and 02 horizon) than in soil (A1 horizon), and...
Evaluation of effects caused by high copper concentrations in Torch Lake, Michigan, on reproduction of yellow perch
S.A. Ellenberger, Paul C. Baumann, Thomas W. May
1994, Journal of Great Lakes Research (20) 531-536
Elevated concentrations of copper are present in Torch Lake, Michigan, an Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. The sauger (Stizostedion canadense) population in Torch Lake has been extirpated and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) populations are maintained by stocking. We used yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to determine if chronic exposure to elevated copper...
Essential amino acids in northern bobwhite foods
A.D. Peoples, R.L. Lochmiller, David Leslie, J.C. Boren, David M. Engle
1994, Journal of Wildlife Management (58) 167-175
Frequent population declines, high dietary requirements for protein, and the low quality of proteins in agricultural grains led us to hypothesize that essential amino acid (EAA) deficiencies were common in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) foods. We analyzed amino acid concentrations of 21 northern bobwhite foods and compared them with dietary...
Body composition dynamics of ruddy ducks during wing moult
W.L. Hohman
1994, Canadian Journal of Zoology (71) 2224-2228
A method was developed for indexing moulting costs in waterfowl based on intensity of moult and proportional mass of feathers in seven feather regions (ADJMOLT). This method was then applied to an examination of relations between moulting costs and size-adjusted body mass and composition of postbreeding male and female ruddy...
