Surface degassing and modifications to vesicle size distributions in active basalt flows
K. V. Cashman, M. T. Mangan, S. Newman
1994, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (61) 45-68
The character of the vesicle population in lava flows includes several measurable parameters that may provide important constraints on lava flow dynamics and rheology. Interpretation of vesicle size distributions (VSDs), however, requires an understanding of vesiculation processes in feeder conduits, and of post-eruption modifications to VSDs during transport and emplacement....
Geology of the Chinese nuclear test site near Lop Nor, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
J.R. Matzko
1994, Engineering Geology (36) 173-181
The Chinese underground nuclear test site in the Kuruktag and Kyzyltag mountains of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of northwest China, is the location of sixteen underground tests that occurred between 1969 and 1992. The largest test to date, conducted on 21 May 1992, had a reported yield of about...
A spatial features register: Toward standardization of spatial features
Janette Cascio
1994, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems (21) 155-158
As the need to share spatial data increases, more than agreement on a common format is needed to ensure that the data is meaningful to both the importer and the exporter. Effective data transfer also requires common definitions of spatial features. To achieve this, part 2 of the Spatial Data...
Variations in the chemical and stable isotope composition of carbon and sulfur species during organic-rich sediment alteration: An experimental and theoretical study of hydrothermal activity at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Jeffrey S. Seewald, W.E. Seyfried Jr., Wayne C. Shanks III
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 5065-5082
Organic-rich diatomaceous ooze was reacted with seawater and a Na-Ca-K-Cl fluid of seawater chlorinity at 325–400°C, 400–500 bars, and fluid/sediment mass ratios of 1.56–2.35 to constrain factors regulating the abundance and stable isotope composition of C and S species during hydrothermal alteration of sediment from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California....
Quaternary paleoceanography of the deep Arctic Ocean based on quantitative analysis of Ostracoda
T. M. Cronin, T.R. Holtz Jr., R.C. Whatley
1994, Marine Geology (119) 305-332
Ostracodes were studied from deep Arctic Ocean cores obtained during the Arctic 91 expedition of the Polarstern to the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins, the Lomonosov Ridge, Morris Jesup Rise and Yermak Plateau, in order to investigate their distribution in Arctic Ocean deep water (AODW) and apply these data to paleoceanographic reconstruction of bottom...
Demethylation and cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in marine intertidal sediments
P.T. Visscher, R.P. Kiene, B.F. Taylor
1994, FEMS Microbiology Ecology (14) 179-189
Demethylation and cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) was measured in three different types of,intertidal marine sediments: a cyanobacterial mat, a diatom-covered tidal flat and a carbonate sediment. Consumption rates of added DMSP were highest in cyanobacterial mat slurries (59 ?? mol DMSP l-1 slurry h-1) and lower in slurries from a...
Age and Sr isotopic composition of volcanic rocks in the Maricunga Belt, Chile: Implications for magma sources
E.H. McKee, A.C. Robinson, J.J. Rybuta, L. Cuitino, R.D. Moscoso
1994, Journal of South American Earth Sciences (7) 167-177
K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of volcanic rocks from the Maricunga belt of north-central Chile indicate that igneous activity took place throughout most of Miocene time at various places in the 150 by 30 km belt. No migration patterns of volcanism appear in the Miocene rocks of the belt. Volcanic activity ceased...
Hydrologic and atmospheric models: The (continuing) problem of discordant scales - An Editorial Comment
S. W. Hostetler
1994, Climatic Change (27) 345-350
[No abstract available]...
The 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano: an introduction
T. P. Miller, B. A. Chouet
1994, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (62) 1-10
Redoubt Volcano, located on the west side of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska, erupted explosively on over 20 separate occasions between December 14, 1989 and April 21, 1990. Fourteen lava domes were emplaced in the summit area, thirteen of which were subsequently destroyed. The eruption caused economic losses estimated at...
Fractionation of families of major, minor, and trace metals across the melt-vapor interface in volcanic exhalations
T. K. Hinkley, M.-F. Le Cloarec, G. Lambert
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 3255-3263
Chemical families of metals fractionate systematically as they pass from a silicate melt across the interface with the vapor phase and on into a cooled volcanic plume. We measured three groups of metals in a small suite of samples collected on filters from the plumes of Kilauea (Hawaii, USA), Etna...
The use of slug tests to describe vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity
J.J. Butler Jr., Geoffrey C. Bohling, Z. Hyder, C.D. McElwee
1994, Journal of Hydrology (156) 137-162
Multilevel slug tests provide one means of obtaining estimates of hydraulic conductivity on a scale of relevance for contaminant transport investigations. A numerical model is employed here to assess the potential of multilevel slug tests to provide information about vertical variations...
The space-time structure of oil and gas field growth in a complex depositional system
L.J. Drew, R. F. Mast, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1994, Nonrenewable Resources (3) 169-182
Shortly after the discovery of an oil and gas field, an initial estimate is usually made of the ultimate recovery of the field. With the passage of time, this initial estimate is almost always revised upward. The phenomenon of the growth of the expected ultimate recovery of a field, which...
Maps and diagrams showing thickness and morphology of the Paleocene Canyon Coal Bed in the northern Powder River basin, western part of the Broadus 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Montana and Wyoming
Laura R. Biewick
1994, Coal Map 143-A
Surface alteration and physical properties of glass from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
A. Barkatt, J.C. Sang, A. N. Thorpe, F. E. Senftle, I.G. Talmy, M.K. Norr, J.J. Mazer, G. Izett, Haraldur Sigurdsson
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 2889-2891
The scalloped surface feature on Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary glass is often explained as being due to terrestrial aqueous leaching. Leaching of man-made glass results in a reduction in density of the glass. Also, Fe, because of its relative insolubility, is concentrated by the leaching process. Thus, the Haitian glass specimens which...
Physiological and hormonal differences among Atlantic salmon parr and smolts reared in the wild, and hatchery smolts
Stephen D. McCormick, Bjorn Thrandur Bjornsson
1994, Aquaculture (121) 235-244
Atlantic salmon which had been released as fry in tributaries of the Connecticut River (Northeastern USA) were captured during the migratory period (9 May to 6 June) 1 to 2 years later. Migrants (smolts) were captured above a dam on the main-stem; non-migrants (parr) were captured in two tributaries. Migrants...
Hydrogeologic analysis of the saturated-zone ground-water system, under Yucca Mountain, Nevada
C. J. Fridrich, W.W. Dudley Jr., J. S. Stuckless
1994, Journal of Hydrology (154) 133-168
The configuration of the southward-sloping water table under Yucca Mountain is dominated by an abrupt decline of 300 m over a distance of less than 2 km. This northeast-striking zone of large...
Plumboan crichtonite: from the Fazenda Guariba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
E.E. Foord, M.L.D.S.C. Chaves, F.E. Lichte
1994, Mineralogical Record (25) 133-135
Senaite, Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)21O38, a member of the crichtonite group, was first described from alluvial gravels near Dattas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was subsequently reported (always from alluvial stream gravels) from about seven additional localities. "Senaite' from the first in situ source in Brazil, at the Fazenda Guariba, Minas Gerais, Brazil was...
Contraction scour at a bridge over the Iowa River
Edward E. Fischer
1994, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Flooding of the Iowa River during July and August 1993 caused extensive contraction scour at the State Highway 99 bridge over the Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa. At least 3.3 m of piling under the footing of the second pier from the right (west) abutment were exposed. The scoured streambed...
Hydrothermal alteration in oceanic ridge volcanics: A detailed study at the Galapagos Fossil Hydrothermal Field
W.I. Ridley, M.R. Perfit, I.R. Josnasson, M.F. Smith
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 2477-2494
The Galapagos Fossil Hydrothermal Field is composed of altered oceanic crust and extinct hydrothermal vents within the eastern Galapagos Rift between 85°49′W and 85°55′W. The discharge zone of the hydrothermal system is revealed along scarps, thus providing an opportunity to examine the uppermost mineralized, and highly altered interior parts of...
Mineral-resources information-A customer-oriented approach - A discussion of the multiple benefits to providers and consumers of mineral-resources information
M.G. Sherlock
1994, Nonrenewable Resources (3) 85-90
[No abstract available]...
Origin of phenocrysts and compositional diversity in pre-Mazama rhyodacite lavas, Crater Lake, Oregon
S. Nakada, C. R. Bacon, A.E. Gartner
1994, Journal of Petrology (35) 127-162
Phenocrysts in porphyritic volcanic rocks may originate in a variety of ways in addition to nucleation and growth in the matrix in which they are found. Porphyritic rhyodacite lavas that underlie the eastern half of Mount Mazama, the High Cascade andesite/dacite volcano that contains Crater Lake caldera, contain evidence that...
Seabird population trends along the west coast of North America: Causes and the extent of regional concordance
D. G. Ainley, W.J. Sydeman, Scott A. Hatch, U.W. Wilson
1994, Studies in Avian Biology (15) 119-133
We compared trends in breeding population size among cormorants, gulls, alcids, and others, among the Farallon Islands, and sites in northern California and Washington, Gulf of Alaska, and Bering Sea, but in most cases only during the last two decades. For a given species, trends were usually concordant within the...
JEOL 8900 Superprobe user's manual
P.E. Weston, J.A. Konnert, P.J. Wolpert
1994, Open-File Report 94-404
Heterogeneity, Correlatives, and Proposed Stratigraphic Nomenclature of Hayes Tephra Set H, Alaska
J.R. Riehle
1994, Quaternary Research (41) 285-288
Several Holocene tephra deposits of Hayes volcano constitute a marker horizon in southern and east-central Alaska. Their identification is aided by high amphibole/pyroxene ratio and biotite in trace amounts, unique among Holocene tephra deposits of the region. However, correlations are obscured by chemical heterogeneity of the glass which occurs at...
Correlation of gold in siliceous sinters with 3He 4He in hot spring waters of Yellowstone National Park
R.O. Fournier, B. M. Kennedy, M. Aoki, J. M. Thompson
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 5401-5419
Opaline sinter samples collected at Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were analyzed for gold by neutron activation and for other trace elements by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method. No correlation was found between Au and As, Sb, or total Fe in the sinters, although the sample containing...
