Transformation of dilative and contractive landslide debris into debris flows-An example from Marin County, California
R. W. Fleming, S. D. Ellen, M.A. Algus
1989, Engineering Geology (27) 201-223
The severe rainstorm of January 3, 4 and 5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay area, California, produced numerous landslides, many of which transformed into damaging debris flows. The process of transformation was studied in detail at one site where only...
Availability of a library of infrared (2.1-25.0 μm) mineral spectra
John W. Salisbury, Louis S. Walter, Norma Vergo
1989, American Mineralogist (74) 938-939
All previously published libraries of infrared mineral spectra are in the form of transmittance. Reflectance spectra are, however, more useful for remote sensing and some potential laboratory applications, such as the use of an infrared microscope for mineral identification on polished sections. This note points out that construction of a new library of...
Oligocene caldera complex and calc-alkaline tuffs and lavas of the Indian Peak volcanic field, Nevada and Utah
M. G. Best, E. H. Christiansen, H. R. Blank Jr.
1989, Geological Society of America Bulletin (101) 1076-1090
The Indian Peak volcanic field is representative of the more than 50,000 km3 of ash-flow tuff and tens of calderas in the Great Basin that formed during the Oligocene-early Miocene "ignimbrite flareup" in southwestern North America. The field formed about 32 to 27 Ma in the southeastern Great Basin and consists...
Progressive deformation and superposed fabrics related to Cretaceous crustal underthrusting in western Arizona, U.S.A.
S.E. Laubach, S. J. Reynolds, J.E. Spencer, S. Marshak
1989, Journal of Structural Geology (11) 735-749
In the Maria fold and thrust belt, a newly recognized E-trending Cretaceous orogenic belt in the southwestern United States, ductile thrusts, large folds and superposed cleavages record discordant emplacement of crystalline thrust sheets across previously tilted sections of crust. Style of...
Manganese oxidation model for rivers
Glen W. Hess, Byung R. Kim, Philip J.W. Roberts
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 359-365
The presence of manganese in natural waters (>0.05 mg/L) degrades water-supply quality. A model was devised to predict the variation of manganese concentrations in river water released from an impoundment with the distance downstream. The model is one-dimensional and was calibrated using dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, manganese, and...
Water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site
R. W. Healy, J. R. Gray, G. M. De Vries, P. C. Mills
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 381-390
The water balance at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois was studied from July 1982 through June 1984. Continuous data collection allowed estimates to be made for each component of the water-balance equation independent of other components. The average annual precipitation was 948 millimeters. Average annual evapotranspiration was...
Organic markers as source discriminants and sediment transport indicators in south San Francisco Bay, California
F. D. Hostettler, J. B. Rapp, K.A. Kvenvolden, N L. Samuel
1989, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (53) 1563-1576
Sediment samples from nearshore sites in south San Francisco Bay and from streams flowing into that section of the Bay have been characterized in terms of their content of biogenic and anthropogenic molecular marker compounds. The distributions, input sources, and applicability of these compounds in determining sediment movement are discussed....
Assessment of the U-Th-Pb system in two Archean metabasalts: Deciphering the complex histories of sulphides and silicates using acid leaching methods
P. E. Smith, R.M. Farquhar, M. Tatsumoto
1989, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (53) 2051-2068
A U-Th-Pb study of Archean metabasalts from two greenstone belts in the eastern Wawa Subprovince of the Canadian shield indicated variable disturbances had occurred in both whole rock systems. Changes in the Pb content appear to predominate over loss of parent elements, and meaningful Pb isochron ages could not be...
The role of catastrophic geomorphic events in central Appalachian landscape evolution
R. B. Jacobson, A.J. Miller, J. A. Smith
1989, Geomorphology (2) 257-284
Catastrophic geomorphic events are taken as those that are large, sudden, and rare on human timescales. In the nonglaciated, low-seismicity central Appalachians, these are dominantly floods and landslides. Evaluation of the role of catastrophic events in landscape evolution includes assessment of...
Formation of forearc basins by collision between seamounts and accretionary wedges: An example from the New Hebrides subduction zone
J.-Y. Collot, M. A. Fisher
1989, Geology (17) 930-933
Seabeam data reveal two deep subcircular reentrants in the lower are slope of the New Hebrides island arc that may illustrate two stages in the development of a novel type of forearc basin. The Malekula reentrant lies just south of the partly subducted...
Shape-selective adsorption of aromatic molecules from water by tetramethylammonium-smectite
J. Lee, M.M. Mortland, S.A. Boyd, C. T. Chiou
1989, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases (85) 2953-2962
The adsorption of aromatic compounds by smectite exchanged with tetramethylammonium (TMA) has been studied. Aromatic compounds adsorbed by TMA-smectite are assumed to adopt a tilted orientation in a face-to-face arrangment with the TMA tetrahedra. The sorptive characteristics of TMA-smectite were influenced strongly by the presence of water. The dry TMA-smectite...
Preliminary assessments of the occurrence and effects of utilization of sand and aggregate resources of the Louisiana inner shelf
J.R. Suter, J. Mossa, S. Penland
1989, Marine Geology (90) 31-37
Louisiana is experiencing the most critical coastal erosion and land loss problem in the United States. Shoreline erosion rates exceed 6 m/yr in more than 80% of the Louisiana coastal zone and can be up to 50 m/yr in areas impacted by hurricanes. The barrier islands have decreased in...
Characterization of coal-derived hydrocarbons and source-rock potential of coal beds, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado, U.S.A.
D. D. Rice, J.L. Clayton, M. J. Pawlewicz
1989, International Journal of Coal Geology (13) 597-626
Coal beds are considered to be a major source of nonassociated gas in the Rocky Mountain basins of the United States. In the San Juan basin of northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado, significant quantities of natural gas are being produced...
The campi flegrei (Italy) geothermal system: A fluid inclusion study of the mofete and San Vito fields
Vivo B. de, H. E. Belkin, M. Barbieri, W. Chelini, P. Lattanzi, A. Lima, L. Tolomeo
1989, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (36) 303-326
A fluid inclusion study of core from the Mofete 1, Mofete 2, Mofete 5, San Vito 1, and San Vito 3 geothermal wells (Campi Flegrei, Campania, Italy) indicates that the hydrothermal minerals were precipitated from aqueous fluids (??CO2) that were moderately saline (3-4 wt.% NaCl equiv.) to hypersaline (> 26...
Convergance experiments with a hydrodynamic model of Port Royal Sound, South Carolina
J. K. Lee, R.W. Schaffranek, R.A. Baltzer
1989, Conference Paper
A two-demensional, depth-averaged, finite-difference, flow/transport model, SIM2D, is being used to simulate tidal circulation and transport in the Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, estuarine system. Models of a subregion of the Port Royal Sound system have been derived from an earlier-developed model of the entire system having a grid size...
Large-scale magnetic field perturbation arising from the 18 May 1980 eruption from Mount St. Helens, Washington
R.J. Mueller, M.J.S. Johnston
1989, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (57) 23-31
A traveling magnetic field disturbance generated by the 18 may 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens at 1532 UT was detected on an 800-km linear array of recording magnetometers installed along the San Andreas fault system in California, from San Francisco to the Salton Sea. Arrival times of the disturbance...
Review of magnetic and electric field effects near active faults and volcanoes in the U.S.A.
M.J.S. Johnston
1989, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (57) 47-63
Synchronized measurements of geomagnetic field have been recorded along 800 km of the San Andreas fault and in the Long Valley caldera since 1974, and during eruptions on Mount St. Helens since 1980. For shorter periods of time, continuous measurements of geoelectric field measurements have been made on Mount St....
Morphology of sea-floor landslides on Horizon Guyot: application of steady-state geotechnical analysis
R. E. Kayen, W. C. Schwab, H.J. Lee, M.E. Torresan, J.R. Hein, P. J. Quinterno, L.A. Levin
1989, Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers (36) 1817-1839
Mass movement and erosion have been identified on the pelagic sediment cap of Horizon Guyot, a seamount in the Mid-Pacific Mountains. Trends in the size, shape and preservation of bedforms and sediment textural trends on the pelagic cap indicate that bottom-current-generated sediment transport direction is upslope. Slumping of the sediment...
The nature of the crust in the Yukon-Koyukuk province as inferred from the chemical and isotopic composition of five Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary volcanic fields in western Alaska
E. Moll-Stalcup, Joseph G. Arth
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 15989-16020
Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks in western Alaska comprise a vast magmatic province extending from the Alaska Range north to the Arctic Circle, south to Bristol Bay, and west to the Bering Sea Shelf. The chemical and isotopic composition of five of these Late Cretaceous to...
Comparison of seismic waveform inversion results for the rupture history of a finite fault: Application to the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake
S. Hartzell
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 7515-7534
The July 8, 1986, North Palm Springs earthquake is used as a basis for comparison of several different approaches to the solution for the rupture history of a finite fault. The inversion of different waveform data is considered; both teleseismic P waveforms and local strong ground motion records. Linear parametrizations for slip...
Observed parameters for turbidity-current flow in channels, Reserve Fan, Lake Superior
W. R. Normark
1989, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (59) 423-431
Fine-grained tailings discharged from a taconite-ore processing operation near the shore of Lake Superior produced turbidity currents that transported the sediment from a small delta into deep water at Silver Bay, Minnesota. Deposition over nearly 20 years produced a sublacustrine fan with two...
Mid-Cretaceous alluvial-plain incision related to eustasy, southeastern Colorado Plateau
W. M. Aubrey
1989, Geological Society of America Bulletin (101) 443-449
Eustatic effects on the deposition of ancient coastal and marine rocks are well known, but eustasy also can affect depositional patterns and processes well inland from the sea and play an important role in the development of nonmarine unconformities. In the southeastern part of the Colorado Plateau, fluvial rocks of...
Hydrocarbon gas seeps of the convergent Hikurangi margin, North Island, New Zealand
K.A. Kvenvolden, J.R. Pettinga
1989, Marine and Petroleum Geology (6) 2-8
Two hydrocarbon gas seeps, located about 13 km apart, have distinctive molecular and isotopic compositions. These seeps occur within separate tectonic melange units of narrow parallel trending and structurally complex zones with incorporated upper Cretaceous and Palaeogene passive continental margin deposits which are now compressively deformed and imbricated along the...
Nitrogen cycling between sediment and the shallow-water column in the transition zone of the Potomac River and Estuary. II. The role of wind-driven resuspension and adsorbed ammonium
N.S. Simon
1989, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (28) 531-547
During periods of sediment resuspension, desorption of ammonium from sediment solids can be the major pathway for enriching the water column with the ammonium that is produced by bacterial degradation of organic matter in the bottom material. This hyopthesis is based on a three-year study of diffusive flux in the...
Multiple hydrothermal and metamorphic events in the Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Timmins, Ontario: evidence from tourmalines and chlorites
J. F. Slack, P.R. Coad
1989, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (26) 694-715
Tourmaline and chlorite are the principal ferromagnesian silicate minerals in the Kidd Creek massive sulphide deposit. Tourmaline is most common in sphalerite-rich peripheral margins of the chalcopyrite stringer zone. Within the north orebody, samples typically contain <1% tourmaline, but small areas (hand-specimen scale) may have 10–20%. Chlorite is more widely...
