California's potential volcanic hazards
P. Jorgenson
1989, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (21) 96-100
This is a summary of "Potential Hazards from Future Volcanic Eruptions in California' (USGS Bulletin No. 1847: price $4.75). The chief areas of danger are Lassen Peak, Mount Shasta and Medicine Lake Highland in the north; Clear Lake, Mono Lake and Long Valley in the centre; and Owen's River-Death Valley,...
The relationship of catchment topography and soil hydraulic characteristics to lake alkalinity in the northeastern United States
D.M. Wolock, G.M. Hornberger, K.J. Beven, W.G. Campbell
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 829-837
We undertook the task of determining whether base flow alkalinity of surface waters in the northeastern United States is related to indices of soil contact time and flow path partitioning that are derived from topographic and soils information. The influence of topography and soils on catchment hydrology has been incorporated...
Hydrologic effects of climate change in the Delaware River basin
Gregory J. McCabe, Mark A. Ayers
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 1231-1242
The Thornthwaite water balance and combinations of temperature and precipitation changes representing climate change were used to estimate changes in seasonal soil-moisture and runoff in the Delaware River basin. Winter warming may cause a greater proportion of precipitation in the northern part of the basin to fall as rain, which...
Geological hazards programs and research in the USA
J.R. Filson
1989, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 176-189
Geological hazards have been studied for centuries, but government support of research to lessen their effects is relatively new. This article briefly describes government programs and research underway in the USA that are directed towards reducing losses of life and property from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides. -from Author...
Late neogene history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway
G. Keller, C.E. Zenker, S.M. Stone
1989, Journal of South American Earth Sciences (2) 73-108
Planktic foraminiferal provinces of Caribbean DSDP Hole 502A and East Pacific DSDP Hole 503A have been analyzed and compared with benthic and planktic isotope records, carbonate, hiatus events, and sea level changes. Four major events are evident in the closure history of the Pacific-Caribbean gateway, at 6.2, 4.2, 2.4 and...
Moment-tensor solutions for the 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes
S.A. Sipkin
1989, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (79) 493-499
The teleseismic long-period waveforms recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network from the two largest Superstition Hills earthquakes are inverted using an algorithm based on optimal filter theory. These solutions differ slightly from those published in the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters Monthly Listing because a somewhat different, improved data set...
Geology of the Ulugh Muztagh area, northern Tibet
B.C. Burchfiel, P. Molnar, Ziyun Zhao, K’uangyi Liang, Shuji Wang, Minmin Huang, J. Sutter
1989, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (94) 57-70
Within the Ulugh Muztagh area, north central Tibet, an east-west-trending ophiolitic melange marks a suture that apparently was formed during a late Triassic or slightly younger collision between a continental fragment to the south and the rest of Asia. The southern continental fragment carries a thick sequence of upper Triassic...
Emergence of burrowing urchins from California continental shelf sediments: A response to alongshore current reversals?
F.H. Nichols, D.A. Cacchione, D.E. Drake, J.K. Thompson
1989, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (29) 171-182
Two sequences of bottom photographs taken every two or four hours for two months during the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) off the Russian River, California, reveal the dynamic nature of interations between the water column, the sediments, and benthic organisms in the mid-shelf silt deposit.Time-lapse photographs taken between late...
Origin of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic systematics in high-Sr basalts from central Arizona
J.H. Wittke, D. Smith, J. L. Wooden
1989, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (101) 57-68
Alkalic and tholeiitic basalts were erupted in the central Arizona Transition Zone during Miocene-Pliocene time before and after regional faulting. The alkalic lava types differ from the subalkaline lavas in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios and trace element ratios and, despite close temporal and spatial relationships, the two types...
Petrologic constraints on rift-zone processes - Results from episode 1 of the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
M.O. Garcia, R.A. Ho, J.M. Rhodes, E.W. Wolfe
1989, Bulletin of Volcanology (52) 81-96
The Puu Oo eruption in the middle of Kilauea volcano's east rift zone provides an excellent opportunity to utilize petrologic constraints to interpret rift-zone processes. Emplacement of a dike began 24 hours before the start of the eruption on 3 January 1983. Seismic and geodetic evidence indicates that the dike...
Regionalization of flood characteristics
W.O. Thomas Jr., M. N. Landers
1989, Conference Paper
Regionalization procedures are used to transfer flood characteristics from gaged to ungaged locations. These procedures are an extension of the gaging network that allows planners and designers to make estimates of flood frequency at ungaged sites of interest. The U.S. Geological Survey has a long time involvement in the development...
A reinterpretation of the δDH2O of inclusion fluids in contemporaneous quartz and sphalerite, Creede mining district, Colorodo: a generic problem for shallow orebodies?
Nora K. Foley, Philip M. Bethke, Robert O. Rye
1989, Economic Geology (84) 1966-1977
Water extracted from fluid inclusions in quartz from shallow epithermal ore deposits often has a hydrogen isotope composition (δD) different from that of water extracted from inclusions in associated minerals. This difference is usually attributed to the involvement of primary fluids from multiple sources. Isotopic and homogenization and freezing temperature...
100 years of sedimentation study by the USGS
G. Douglas Glysson
1989, Conference Paper
On January 15, 1889, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting sediment data on the Rio Grande at Embudo, New Mexico. During the past 100 years the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD) has collected daily sediment data at more than 1,200 sites. Projects have addressed the problems associated with...
Comparison of metasomatic reactions between a common CO2-rich vein fluid and diverse wall rocks: Intensive variables, mass transfers, and Au mineralization at Alleghany, California
J.K. Böhlke
1989, Economic Geology (84) 291-327
The gold deposits at Alleghany, California, are typical of many epigenetic gold-bearing hydrothermal vein systems in metamorphic terranes worldwide. Detailed analyses of alteration halos in serpentinite, mafic amphibolite, and granite wall rocks at Alleghany indicate that widely contrasting deposit types, ranging from fuchsite-carbonate schists to pyrite-albitites, resulted when different wall...
Eustatic and tectonic controls on deposition of hybrid siliciclastic/carbonate basinal cycles: Discussion with examples
James F. Dolan
1989, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (73) 1233-1246
Changes in sea level represent one of the dominant controls on basinal sedimentation adjacent to mixed carbonate siliciclastic sediment-source areas. Sedimentary responses to sea level change of the siliciclastic and carbonate components of these hybrid systems commonly result in deposition of alternating siliciclastic and shelf-derived carbonate basinal deposits. Such deposition...
Experimental studies of compaction and dilatancy during frictional sliding on faults containing gouge
C.A. Morrow, J.D. Byerlee
1989, Journal of Structural Geology (11) 815-825
Transient strength changes are observed in fault gouge materials when the velocity of shearing is varied. A transient stress peak is produced when the strain rate in the gouge is suddenly increased, whereas a transient stress drop results from a sudden...
The nature of the pressure-induced metallization of FeO and its implications to the core-mantle boundary
David M. Sherman
1989, Geophysical Research Letters (16) 515-518
The pressure and temperature-induced metallization of FeO discovered by Knittle et al [1986] is here argued to result from a Mott transition associated with increased Fe(3d)-Fe(3d) orbital overlap at high pressures. The metallic bonding in the Fe(3d) t2g band may account for the 4% volume decrease of...
Distillation irrigation: A low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation
Jim Constantz
1989, Agricultural Water Management (15) 253-264
A method is proposed for combining solar distillation and drip irrigation to simultaneously desalinize water and apply this water to row crops. In this paper, the basic method is illustrated by a simple device constructed primarily of sheets of plastic, which uses solar energy to distill impaired water and apply...
Behaviour of abandoned room and pillar mines in Illinois
G.G. Marino, R.A. Bauer
1989, International Journal of Mining and Geological Engineering (7) 271-281
Little comprehensive information has been reported on the behaviour of room-and-pillar mines. The objective of this paper is to present case data on mine failures in the Illinois basin for use in practice. Presented are results of an ongoing study and details on the site characteristics of cases where sags...
Estimating urban flood-frequency characteristics
M.E. Jennings, J.B. Atkins, E. J. Inman
1989, Conference Paper
Methods in use by the U.S. Geological Survey to estimate flood-frequency characteristics for urban watersheds are compared with estimates based on the Soil Conservation Service TR-55 model. Data from four small urban watersheds in Georgia are used in the flood-peak and hydrograph comparisons....
Fluid inclusions in the Stripa granite and their possible influence on the groundwater chemistry
D. Kirk Nordstrom, S. Lindblom, R.J. Donahoe, C.C. Barton
1989, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (53) 1741-1755
Fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite of the Proterozoic Stripa granite, central Sweden, demonstrate that the rock and its fracture fillings have a complex evolutionary history. The majority of inclusions indicate formation during a hydrothermal stage following emplacement of the Stripa pluton. Total salinities of quartz inclusions range from 0–18...
Geomorphology of coastal sand dunes, Baldwin County, Alabama
Bennett L. Bearden, Richard L. Hummell, Robert M. Mink
1989, Conference Paper, Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management
Alabama's coastal eolian deposits are primarily vegetated dunes that are exemplified by sand ridges with flat to undulating upper surfaces and continuous irregular crests. Dune fields occur along Morgan peninsula between the foredune line and Little Lagoon and the Mobile Bay area. These dune fields consist primarily of one or...
An introduction to quiet daily geomagnetic fields
W.H. Campbell
1989, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (131) 315-331
On days that are quiet with respect to solar-terrestrial activity phenomena, the geomagnetic field has variations, tens of gamma in size, with major spectral components at about 24, 12, 8, and 6 hr in period. These quiet daily field variations are primarily due to the dynamo currents flowing in the...
Mitigating oil and gas impacts in coastal wetlands
Donald R. Cahoon, Joseph C. Holmes Jr.
1989, Conference Paper, Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management
This abstract refers to technical recommendations for avoiding, minimizing, and restoring (i.e., mitigating) drilling site access impacts related to oil and gas activities in coastal wetlands through regulatory review, drawing mostly from the Louisiana experience. The two standard methods used to access wetland drilling locations are canals and roads, both...
Air permeability and trapped-air content in two soils
David A. Stonestrom, Jacob Rubin
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 1959-1969
To improve understanding of hysteretic air permeability relations, a need exists for data on the water content dependence of air permeability, matric pressure, and air trapping (especially for wetting-drying cycles). To obtain these data, a special instrument was designed. The instrument is a combination of a gas permeameter (for air...
