Use of forecasting signatures to help distinguish periodicity, randomness, and chaos in ripples and other spatial patterns
D. M. Rubin
1992, Chaos (2) 525-536
Forecasting of one-dimensional time series previously has been used to help distinguish periodicity, chaos, and noise. This paper presents two-dimensional generalizations for making such distinctions for spatial patterns. The techniques are evaluated using synthetic spatial patterns and then are applied to a natural example: ripples formed in sand by blowing...
Floodplain storage of mine tailings in the Belle Fourche river system: a sediment budget approach
D. C. Marron
1992, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (17) 675-685
Arsenic‐contaminated mine tailings that were discharged into Whitewood Creek at Lead, South Dakota, from 1876 to 1978, were deposited along the floodplains of Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River. The resulting arsenic‐contaminated floodplain deposit consists mostly of overbank sediments and filled abandoned meanders along White‐wood Creek, and overbank and...
Influence of environmental factors on denitrification in sediment contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel
Paul M. Bradley, C. Marjorie Aelion, Don A. Vroblesky
1992, Groundwater (30) 843-848
In 1975, the loss of approximately 83,000 gallons of JP-4 grade jet fuel resulted in contamination of the shallow aquifer near North Charleston, South Carolina. To identify those factors likely to influence microbial activity under denitrifying conditions, we examined the fate of amended NO3, the...
Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation
D. H. Root, W. D. Menzie, W.A. Scott
1992, Nonrenewable Resources (1) 125-138
The method of making quantitative assessments of mineral resources sufficiently detailed for economic analysis is outlined in three steps. The steps are (1) determination of types of deposits that may be present in an area, (2) estimation of the numbers of deposits of the permissible deposit types, and (3) combination...
Ground-water recharge through active sand dunes in northwestern Nevada
D.L. Berger
1992, Water Resources Bulletin (28) 959-965
Most water-resource investigations in semiarid basins of the Great Basin in western North America conclude that ground-water recharge from direct precipitation on the valley floor is negligible. However, many of these basins contain large areas covered by unvegetated, active sand dunes that may act as conduits for ground-water recharge. The...
Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images
Lawrence C. Rowan, Mark Pawlewicz, O. D. Jones
1992, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (76) 1008-1023
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between measurements of organic matter (OM) maturity and laboratory measurements of visible and near-infrared spectral reflectance, and if Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images could be used to map maturity. The maturity of Mississippian Chainman Shale samples collected...
Geothermal gas compositions in yellowstone National Park, USA
D.S. Sheppard, A.H. Truesdell, C. J. Janik
1992, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (51) 79-93
Gas samples collected between 1974 and 1986 have been analysed for the ten major components. Samples have been collected almost exclusively from the tops of pools, which has degraded the value of the data, and limited inter-comparisons to the relatively insoluble components, Ar, N2, CH4, H2 and He. A general...
Study of salt transport processes in Delaware Bay
Roy Walters
1992, Conference Paper
The study described here is a subset of a broader climate-related study, and is focused primarily on salinity intrusion into Delaware Bay and River. Given changes in freshwater discharge into the Delaware River as determined from the larger study, and given probable sea level rise estimates, the purpose here is...
Evaluation of the depth-integration method of measuring water discharge in large rivers
J. A. Moody, B.M. Troutman
1992, Journal of Hydrology (135) 201-236
The depth-integration method of measuring water discharge makes a continuous measurement of the water velocity from the water surface to the bottom at 20 to 40 locations or verticals across a river. It is especially practical for large rivers where river traffic makes it impractical to use boats...
Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York
Henry Ku, Nathan Hagelin, Herbert Buxton
1992, Groundwater (30) 507-514
Before urban development, most ground-water recharge on Long Island, New York, occurred during the dormant season, when evapotranspiration is low. The use of recharge basins for collection and disposal of urban storm runoff in Nassau County has enabled ground-water recharge to occur also during the...
Distribution and effects of shallow gas on bulk estuarine sediment properties
J. M. Hill, J.P. Halka, R. Conkwright, K. Koczot, S. Coleman
1992, Continental Shelf Research (12) 1219-1229
Gas bubble are present in sediments covering approximately 30% of the main stem of Chesapeake Bay, with bubbles occurring at the sediment-water interface in 18% of the main stem sediments. This biogenic gas is found either in the sediments in the lower salinity reaches of the Bay, or confined to...
The structure, dynamics, and chemical composition of noneruptive plumes from Mount St. Helens, 1980-1988
K.A. McGee
1992, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (51) 269-282
From May 1980 to September 1988, more than 1000 fixed-wing aircraft flights were made with a correlation spectrometer to measure the sulfur dioxide flux from Mount St. Helens volcano. These flights also provided valuable data on the structure and dynamics of noneruptive plumes emanating from Mount St. Helens. During 1980...
Dioctahedral smectite reactions at elevated temperatures: Effects of K-availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength
Gene Whitney
1992, Applied Clay Science (7) 97-112
Hydrothermal experiments were conducted to measure the effects of K availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength in chloride solutions on the rate and extent of the reaction of smectite to interstratified illite/smectite. The < 2 μm fraction of a bentonite was treated hydrothermally at temperatures of 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and...
The influence of pH on biotite dissolution and alteration kinetics at low temperature
James G. Acker, O.P. Bricker
1992, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (56) 3073-3092
Biotite dissolution rates in acidic solutions were determined in fluidized-bed reactors and flowthrough columns. Biotite dissolution rates increased inversely as a linear function of pH in the pH range 3–7, where the rate order n = −0.34. Biotite dissolved incongruently over this pH range, with preferential release of magnesium and iron from...
A comparison of surface-grab and cross sectionally integrated stream-water-quality sampling methods
G. R. Martin, J. L. Smoot, K. D. White
1992, Water Environment Research (64) 866-876
Stream sampling for water quality data has commonly employed simple surface-grab procedures as opposed to more involved, cross sectionally integrated techniques. Paired samples for analysis of selected constituents were collected over various flow conditions at four sites to evaluate differences between the two sampling methods. Concentrations of dissolved constituents were...
Differentiation and magma mixing on Kilauea's east rift zone - A further look at the eruptions of 1955 and 1960. Part I. The late 1955 lavas
Rosalind Tuthill Helz, T. L. Wright
1992, Bulletin of Volcanology (54) 361-384
The lavas of the 1955 east rift eruption of Kilauea Volcano have been the object of considerable petrologic interest for two reasons. First, the early 1955 lavas are among the most differentiated ever erupted at Kilauea, and second, the petrographic character and chemical composition of the lava being erupted changed...
Redistribution of soil nitrogen, carbon and organic matter by mechanical disturbance during whole-tree harvesting in northern hardwoods
D.F. Ryan, Thomas G. Huntington, Martin C. Wayne
1992, Forest Ecology and Management (49) 87-99
To investigate whether mechanical mixing during harvesting could account for losses observed from forest floor, we measured surface disturbance on a 22 ha watershed that was whole-tree harvested. Surface soil on each 10 cm interval along 81, randomly placed transects was classified immediately after harvesting as mineral or organic, and...
Mass transfer constraints on the chemical evolution of an active hydrothermal system, Valles caldera, New Mexico
A. F. White, N.J. Chuma, F. Goff
1992, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (49) 233-253
Partial equilibrium conditions occur between fluids and secondary minerals in the Valles hydrothermal system, contained principally in the Tertiary rhyolitic Bandelier Tuff. The mass transfer processes are governed by reactive phase compositions, surface areas, water-rock ratios, reaction rates, and fluid residence times. Experimental dissolution of the vitric phase of the...
Effects of climatic change and climatic variability on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin
G. J. McCabe Jr., D.M. Wolock
1992, Climatic Change (20) 143-153
The Thornthwaite moisture index is useful as an indicator of the supply of water in an area relative to the demand under prevailing climatic conditions. This study examines the effects of long-term changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin. Temperature and...
Peat accumulation in coastal-plain mires: A model for coals of the Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Colorado, USA
Roberts L. N. Robinson, P.J. McCabe
1992, International Journal of Coal Geology (21) 115-138
In the northwestern part of the San Juan basin, Colorado, thick high-volatile B bituminous coal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation are associated with nearshore marine sandstones of the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone. Detailed work along the outcrop and examination of...
Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.
C. Erwin Brown, D.G. Mose, G.W. Mushrush, C.E. Chrosniak
1992, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (19) 193-203
More than 3,200 indoor radon-222 (222Rn) measurements were made seasonally in an area of about 1,000 square kilometers of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont physiographic provinces in Virginia, U.S.A. Results of these measurements indicate that some geological units are associated, on the average, with twice as much indoor222Rn as other...
The supply and demand for pollution control: Evidence from wastewater treatment
V.D. McConnell, G. E. Schwarz
1992, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (23) 54-77
This paper analyzes the determination of pollution control from wastewater treatment plants as an economic decision facing local or regional regulators. Pollution control is measured by plant design effluent concentration levels and is fully endogenous in a supply- and-demand model of treatment choice. On the supply side, plant costs are...
Importance of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the methane budget as revealed by the use of a specific inhibitor
Ronald S. Oremland, Charles W. Culbertson
1992, Nature (356) 421-423
METHANE is a greenhouse gas whose concentration in the atmosphere is increasing. Much of this methane is derived from the metabolism of methane-generating (methanogenic) bacteria and over the past two decades much has been learned about the ecology of methanogens; specific inhibitors of methanogenesis, such as 2-bromoethanesulphonic acid, have proved useful...
Record of a redhead, Aytha americana, laying eggs in a northern harrier, Circus cyaneus, nest
J. P. Fleskes
1992, Canadian Field-Naturalist (106) 263-264
Implementation of softcopy photogrammetric workstations at the US Geological Survey
C.D. Skalet, G.Y.G. Lee, L. J. Ladner
1992, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (58) 57-63
The US Geological Survey has provided the Nation with primary quadrangle maps and map products for the last 50 years. The Survey recently completed initial coverage of the conterminous United States and Hawaii at 1:24 000 scale. In Alaska, complete coverage exists at 1:63 360 scale. Effort is underway to...
