Subsidence of Puna, Hawaii inferred from sulfur content of drilled lava flows
J.G. Moore, D. M. Thomas
1988, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (35) 165-171
Sulfur was analyzed in more than 200 lava samples from five drill holes located on the east rift zone of Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawaii. The sulfur content is a gage of whether lava was erupted subaerially (low sulfur) or erupted subaqueously (high sulfur). Despite considerable variation, sulfur...
Principal component analysis of geodetically measured deformation in Long Valley caldera, eastern California, 1983-1987
J.C. Savage
1988, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (93) 13297-13305
Typical geodetic measurements of deformation consist of repeated surveys of a particular geodetic network. Such deformation data can be interpreted as a consequence of one or more self-coherent sources by means of principal component analysis. A self-coherent source is defined as any source that produces deformation that is time and...
Crustal structure of east central Oregon: Relation between Newberry Volcano and regional crustal structure
R. D. Catchings, Walter D. Mooney
1988, Journal of Geophysical Research (93) 10081-10094
A 180-km-long seismic refraction transect from the eastern High Cascades, across Newberry Volcano, to the eastern High Lava Plains is used to investigate the subvolcanic crustal and upper mantle velocity structure there. Near-surface volcanic flows and sedimentary debris (1.6-4.7 km/s), ranging from 3 to 5 km in thickness, overlie subvolcanic...
Ferromanganese deposits from the Gulf of Alaska Seamount Province: Mineralogy, chemistry, and origin
R.A. Koski
1988, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (25) 116-133
Ferromanganese-oxide deposits dredged from four seamounts (Welker, Miller, Murray, and Patton) in the Gulf of Alaska Seamount Province include poorly crystallized microlaminated crusts on basalt substrate, well-crystallized Mn-oxide veins in epiclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystalline Mn-oxide layers and micronodules in phosphorite. The principal rock types dredged are alkali-basalt pillow fragments...
Hydrogen concentrations as an indicator of the predominant terminal electron-accepting reactions in aquatic sediments
Derek R. Lovley, S. Goodwin
1988, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (52) 2993-3003
Factors controlling the concentration of dissolved hydrogen gas in anaerobic sedimentary environments were investigated. Results, presented here or previously, demonstrated that, in sediments, only microorganisms catalyze the oxidation of H2 coupled to the reduction of nitrate, Mn(IV), Fe(III), sulfate, or carbon dioxide. Theoretical considerations suggested that, at steady-state conditions, H2...
US Geological Survey begins seismic ground response experiments in Washington State
Arthur C. Tarr, K. W. King
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 160-170
This article briefly describes the experimental monitoring of minor seismic features caused by distant nuclear explosions, mining blasts and rhythmic human pushing against wooden homes. Some means of response prediction are outlined in Washington State and some effects of seismic amplification by weak clayey sediments are described. The results of...
Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?
J. McCarthy, J.C. Mutter, J. L. Morton, Norman H. Sleep, G. A. Thompson
1988, Geological Society of America Bulletin (100) 1423-1436
The North Atlantic Transect seismic reflection data, collected southwest of Bermuda, have been reinterpreted following post-stack migration and reveal two major intracrustal reflections. The shallower of these two events, located ∼1 s below the igneous basement, is a subhorizontal, undulating surface that in some places is continuous for as much...
Pyrolysis g.c.-m.s. of a series of degraded woods and coalified logs that increase in rank from peat to subbituminous coal
Patrick G. Hatcher, H. E. Lerch III, R. K. Kotra, T.V. Verheyen
1988, Fuel (67) 1069-1075
Xylem tissue from degraded wood and coalified logs or stems was examined by pyrolysis g.c.-m.s. to improve understanding of the coalification process. The pyrolysis data, when combined with solid-state 13C n.m.r. data for the same samples, show several stages of evolution during coalification. The first stage, microbial degradation in peat, involves...
Stability of loess
A.J. Lutenegger, G.R. Hallberg
1988, Engineering Geology (25) 247-261
Lutenegger, A.J. and Hallberg, G.R., 1988. Stability of loess. Eng. Geol., 25: 247-261. The natural stability of loess soils can be related to fundamental geotechnical properties such as Atterberg limits, water content and void ratio. Field observations of unstable conditions in loess deposits in the upper midwest, U.S.A. show relationships...
Limestone and chert in tectonic blocks from the Esk Head subterrane, South Island, New Zealand
Norman J. Silberling, K. M. Nichols, J.D. Bradshaw, C.D. Blome
1988, Geological Society of America Bulletin (100) 1213-1223
The Esk Head subterrane is a continuous belt, generally 10-20 km wide, of tectonic mélange and broken formation on the South Island of New Zealand. This subterrane separates older and younger parts of the Torlesse terrane which is an extensive accretionary prism composed mostly of quartzo-feldspathic, submarine-fan deposits ranging from...
Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana
Charles W. Smoot
1988, Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4314
No abstract available....
Cambrian-Ordovician (500 Ma) alkalic plutonism in southwestern New Mexico: U-Th-Pb isotopic data from the Florida Mountains
Karl V. Evans, R. E. Clemons
1988, American Journal of Science (288) 735-755
No abstract available....
Character, origin and occurrence of natural gases in the Anadarko basin, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma and Texas Panhandle, U.S.A.
D. D. Rice, C. N. Threlkeld, A.K. Vuletich
1988, Chemical Geology (71) 149-157
Natural gas production in the Anadarko basin comes from three geographically separated areas that can be differentiated by age of reservoir and by inferred nature of organic, thermal origin of the gases. In the central basin, non-associated gases are produced mainly from Upper Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sandstones. Gas samples are...
Measuring contemporary crustal motions; NASA’s Crustal Dynamics Project
H. V. Frey, J. M. Bosworth
1988, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (20) 96-113
In the early and middle 1970's, two new space-based geodetic techniques became available that offered unprecedented accuracy in the measurement of distances over long baselines. As described below, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) provided a capability to determine in relatively short periods of time the...
The radiocarbon budget for Mono Lake: An unsolved mystery
W.S. Broecker, R. Wanninkhof, G. Mathieu, T.-H. Peng, S. Stine, S. Robinson, A. Herczeg, M. Stuiver
1988, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (88) 16-26
Since 1957 the 14C/C ratio of the dissolved inorganic carbon in Mono Lake has risen by about 60‰. The magnitude of this increase is about four times larger than that expected from the invasion of bomb-produced14C from the atmosphere. We have eliminated the following explanations: (1) measurement error, (2) an unusually...
A late Wisconsinan marine incursion into Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts
R. N. Oldale
1988, Quaternary Research (30) 237-250
Reinterpretation of seismic-reflection data from Cape Cod Bay has produced a revised late Wisconsinan history. Acoustically laminated deposits, originally inferred to be glaciolacustrine, are shown to be glaciomarine by tracing them to glaciomarine mud in Stellwagen Basin, north of Cape Cod Bay. A late Wisconsinan marine deposit of nonglacial origin...
Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States
J. D. Powell
1988, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (11) 141-152
Degradation of water quality related to oxidation of iron disulfide minerals associated with coal is a naturally occurring process that has been observed since the late seventeenth century, many years before commencement of commercial coal mining in the United States. Disturbing coal strata during mining operations accelerates this natural deterioration...
Effects of Precipitation and Land Use on Storm Runoff
R. G. Brown
1988, Water Resources Bulletin (24) 421-426
Storm-runoff quantity and quality were studied in three watersheds located near St. Paul in Ramsey County, Minnesota, from April 15 through September 15 of 1984, 1985, and 1986 to qualitatively determine the effects of precipitation and selected land uses on storm runoff. In respect to precipitation effects, differences in storm-runoff...
Coarse-sediment bands on the inner shelf of southern Monterey Bay, California
R. E. Hunter, J.R. Dingler, R. J. Anima, B. M. Richmond
1988, Marine Geology (80) 81-98
Bands of coarse sand that trend parallel to the shore, unlike the approximately shore-normal bands found in many inner shelf areas, occur in southern Monterey Bay at water depths of 10–20 m, less than 1 km from the shore. The bands are 20–100 m wide and alternate with bands...
Origin of conglomerate stratigraphy in the Franciscan assemblage and Great Valley sequence, northern California
V.M. Seiders
1988, Geology (16) 783-787
In the northern California Coast Ranges, the forearc-basin Great Valley sequence of Late Jurassic and Cretaceous age contains three distinctive types of conglomerate: (1) chert-rich conglomerate of Tithonian to Valanginian age, (2) volcanic-rich conglomerate of mainly Valanginian age, and (3) mixed-clast conglomerate of...
Physical deposit measures and commercial potential: The case of titanium-bearing heavy-mineral deposits
E. D. Attanasi, J.H. DeYoung Jr.
1988, Mathematical Geology (20) 97-110
Physical measures of mineral deposit characteristics, such as grade and tonnage, long have been used in both subjective and analytic models to predict favorability of areas for the occurrence of mineral deposits of particular types. After a deposit has been identified, however, the explorationist must decide whether to continue data...
Stratigraphy and magnetic polarity of the high terrace remnants in the upper Ohio and Monongahela Rivers in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio
R. B. Jacobson, D. P. Elston, John W. Heaton
1988, Quaternary Research (29) 216-232
A synthesis of previous work and new data on the stratigraphy of high terraces of the Ohio and Monongahela Rivers upstream from Parkersburg, West Virginia, indicates a correspondence between terrace histories in the ancient Teays and Pittsburgh drainage basins. Four terraces are identified in each. Sediments of the lower three...
Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport
B. Butman
1988, Continental Shelf Research (8) 811-840
Eulerian current measurements made 5-7 m above bottom at six stations along the United States east coast continental margin show a net downslope flow of 1-5 cm s-1. Although the scalar current speed decreases with water depth and toward the bottom, fluctuations in the cross-isobath flow were stronger and increasingly...
General two‐point method for Determining velocity in open channel
John F. Walker
1988, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (114) 801-805
The generally accepted procedure is to average velocity measurements at 0. 2D and 0. 8D, measured vertically from the water surface,or alternatively to measure velocity at a position equal to 0. 6D, where D is the total depth of flow. In some situations, one may wish to measure at depths...
Leaching characteristics of a high-calcium fly ash as a function of pH: A potential source of selenium toxicity
D.A. Grisafe, E.E. Angino, S. M. Smith
1988, Applied Geochemistry (3) 601-608
Using a modified extraction procedure, the effect of pH on the leaching of selected elements from Ca-rich (Type C) power plant fly ash was studied. Continuous additions of acetic acid were used to maintain pH values of fly ash slurries at...
