Expression of seasonal and ENSO forcing in climatic variability at lower than ENSO frequencies: Evidence from Pleistocene marine varves off California
R.Y. Anderson, B.K. Linsley, J.V. Gardner
1990, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (78) 287-300
Upper Pleistocene marine sediments along the upper continental slope off northern and central California contain alternations of varved and bioturbated sediments and associated changes in biota and sediment composition. These alternations can be related to conditions that accompany El Niño and anti-El Niño (ENSO) circulation. Anti-El Niño conditions are characterized...
Accelerator-mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon dating of Pleistocene lake sediments in the Great Basin
R.S. Thompson, L.J. Toolin, R. M. Forester, R. J. Spencer
1990, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (78) 301-313
Pleistocene lake sediments in the Great Basin typically contain little organic carbon, and thus are difficult to date reliably by conventional radioccarbon methods. Paleoenvironmental data are abundant in these sediments, but are of limited value without adequate age controls. With the advent of accelerator-mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon dating, it is...
Coarse-grained deltaic sedimentation in the Miocene Cuyama strike-slip basin, California Coast Ranges
J. Alan Bartow
1990, Sedimentary Geology (68) 17-38
The Cuyama basin, located in the southern Coast Ranges of California southwest of the San Andreas fault, developed early in the history of the San Andreas transform system. The Miocene marine basin formed in a transtensional setting along a dextral strike-slip fault of the transform system following Oligocene non-marine basin...
Dolomite dissolution rates and possible Holocene dedolomitization of water-bearing units in the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas
R.G. Deike
1990, Journal of Hydrology (112) 335-373
Rates of dolomite dissolution can be used to test the concept, based on geomorphologic evidence, that a major part of the Edwards aquifer could have formed within the Holocene, a timeframe of approximately 10,000 years. During formation of the aquifer in the Edwards limestone (Cretaceous, Albian) of the Balcones fault...
Monitoring moisture storage in trees using time domain reflectometry
J. Constantz, F. Murphy
1990, Journal of Hydrology (119) 31-42
Laboratory and field tests were performed to examine the feasibility of using time domain reflectometry (TDR) to monitor changes in the moisture storage of the woody parts of trees. To serve as wave guides for the TDR signal, pairs of stainless steel rods (13 cm long, 0.32 cm in diameter,...
Simulation of dispersion in layered coastal aquifer systems
T. E. Reilly
1990, Journal of Hydrology (114) 211-228
A density-dependent solute-transport formulation is used to examine ground-water flow in layered coastal aquifers. The numerical experiments indicate that although the transition zone may be thought of as an impermeable 'sharp' interface with freshwater flow parallel to the transition zone in homogeneous aquifers, this is not the case for layered...
A method to extract soil water for stable isotope analysis
Kinga M. Revesz, Peter H. Woods
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 397-406
A method has been developed to extract soil water for determination of deuterium (D) and 18O content. The principle of this method is based on the observation that water and toluene form an azeotropic mixture at 84.1°C, but are completely immiscible at ambient temperature. In a specially designed distillation apparatus, the...
Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico
K. Kelly Ellins, A. Roman-Mas, R. Lee
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 319-341
222Rn was used in the karst drainage basin of the Rio Grande de Manati in Puerto Rico to study groundwater/surface flow relationships. Locations of groundwater influx along two sections of the Rio Grande de Manati were identified. The 222Rn measurements were used together with stream discharge data in a mass balance...
Movement and fate of atrazine and bromide in central Kansas croplands
M. Sophocleous, M.A. Townsend, Donald O. Whittemore
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 115-137
Two flooding experiments were conducted at two sites with different soils to study the transport and fate of the commonly used herbicide atrazine and inorganic chemicals in the Great Bend Prairie croplands of south-central Kansas. The instantaneous profile method supplemented by the use of an organic (atrazine) and an inorganic...
Effect of faults on fluid flow and chloride contamination in a carbonate aquifer system
M.L. Maslia, D.C. Prowell
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 1-49
A unified, multidiscipline hypothesis is proposed to explain the anomalous pattern by which chloride has been found in water of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia. Analyses of geophysical, hydraulic, water chemistry, and aquifer test data using the equivalent porous medium (EPM) approach are used to support...
Storm-runoff generation in the Permanente Creek drainage basin, west central California - An example of flood-wave effects on runoff composition
K.M. Nolan, B. R. Hill
1990, Journal of Hydrology (113) 343-367
Variations in the isotopic and chemical composition of storm runoff in the 10.6-km2 Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California, indicate that changes in water composition lag behind changes in streamflow. This lag occurs even though field observations and rainfall-runoff modeling indicate that much of the storm runoff must be...
Topographic effects on flow path and surface water chemistry of the Llyn Brianne catchments in Wales
D.M. Wolock, G.M. Hornberger, T.J. Musgrove
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 243-259
Topographic shape is a watershed attribute thought to influence the flow path followed by water as it traverses a catchment. Flow path, in turn, may affect the chemical composition of surface waters. Topography is quantified in the hydrological model TOPMODEL as the relative frequency distribution of the index ln(atanB), where...
Theory and application of an approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers
C. McElwee, M. Kemblowski
1990, Journal of Hydrology (115) 139-163
Motion and mixing of salt water and fresh water are vitally important for water-resource development throughout the world. An approximate model of saltwater upconing in aquifers is developed, which results in three non-linear coupled equations for the freshwater zone, the saltwater zone, and the transition zone. The description of the...
Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - An application to the Panola Mountain catchment, Georgia, U.S.A.
R. P. Hooper, N. Christophersen, N.E. Peters
1990, Journal of Hydrology (116) 321-343
Streamwater chemistry at Panola Mountain research catchment, Georgia, U.S.A., is explained as a mixture of representative soilwater solutions that are considered to be temporally invariant to a first approximation. The selection of three end-members from all sampled soil waters is evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted streamwater concentration of...
Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - A step towards second-generation acidification models
N. Christophersen, C. Neal, R. P. Hooper, R.D. Vogt, S. Andersen
1990, Journal of Hydrology (116) 307-320
In present acidification models, soilwater characteristics, though modelled, are seldom checked against field observations. Given that such data are now collected as part of many catchment studies, a technique is developed whereby stream water can be predicted as a mixture of the observed soilwater classes or end-members. Provided that a...
Extraction and speciation of arsenic in lacustrine sediments
W. H. Ficklin
1990, Talanta (37) 831-834
Arsenic was partially extracted with 4.OM hydrochloric acid, from samples collected at 25-cm intervals in a 350-cm column of sediment at Milltown Reservoir, Montana and from a 60-cm core of sediment collected at the Cheyenne River Embayment of Lake Oahe, South Dakota. The sediment in both reservoirs is highly contaminated with...
Digital recordings of aftershocks of the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake
Charles C. Mueller, Gary Glassmoyer
1990, Open-File Report 90-503
After the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, central California, earthquake (291 00:04:15.25 UTC, Ms=7.1), the U. S. Geological Survey recorded aftershocks at sites of seismologic and engineering interest. This report describes a seismic-waveform dataset collected from 17 October 1989 (291 UTC) to 14 March 1990 (073 UTC) with GEOS digital...
United States Geological Survey Yearbook, fiscal year 1989
Dallas L. Peck, John A. Kelmelis, Charles W. Boning, Richard Z. Poore, Eugene C. Napier, Ernest B. Brunson, K. Lea Ginnodo, G. Gray Tappan, Dean J. Tyler, Donald G. Moore, C.R. Baskin, Charlotte H. Goodson, Wendy R. Hassibe, Betty B. Brodes
1990, Report
The fiscal year 1989 Yearbook summarizes the activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in response to its scientific and regulatory missions....
Volcanic and seismic hazards on the Island of Hawaii
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1990, Report
The eruptions of volcanoes often have direct, dramatic effects on the lives of people and on their property. People who live on or near active volcanoes can benefit greatly from clear, scientific information about the volcanic and seismic hazards of the area. This booklet provides such information for the residents...
Selected factors related to the potential for contamination of the principal aquifer, Salt Lake Valley, Utah
R. L. Baskin
1990, Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4110
Coasts in crisis
S. Jeffress Williams, Kurt A. Dodd, Kathleen K. Gohn
1990, Circular 1075
Map showing contours on the top of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Minnelusa Formation and equivalents, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana
B.L. Crysdale
1990, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2140-B
This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies (MF) maps showing computer-generated structure contours, isopachs, and cross sections of selected formations in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana. The map and cross sections were constructed from information stored in a U.S. Geological Survey...
Isopach map of the interval from surface elevation to the top of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Minnelusa Formation and equivalents, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana
B.L. Crysdale
1990, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2140-A
This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies (MF) maps showing computer-generated structure contours, isopachs, and cross sections of selected formations in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana. The map and cross sections were constructed from information stored in a U.S. Geological Survey...
Map showing distribution of cadmium and antimony in the nonmagnetic fraction of heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah
William R. Miller, Jerry M. Motooka, John B. McHugh
1990, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2137-A
This map of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, shows the regional distribution of cadmium and antimony in the nonmagnetic fraction of drainage-sediment samples. It is part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program....
Map showing the distribution of thorium in stream-sediment samples, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah
William R. Miller, Jerry M. Motooka, John B. McHugh
1990, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2138-H
This map of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, shows the regional distribution of thorium in the less-than-0.180-mm (minus-80-mesh) fraction of stream-sediments. It is part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other published...
