Conductivity and transit time estimates of a soil liner
I.G. Krapac, K. Cartwright, S.V. Panno, B.R. Hensel, K.H. Rehfeldt, B.L. Herzog
1990, Conference Paper
A field-scale soil linear was built to assess the feasibilty of constructing a liner to meet the saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement of the U.S. EPA (i.e., less than 1 ?? 10-7 cm/s), and to determine the breakthrough and transit times of water and tracers through the liner. The liner, 8...
Cosmic ray exposure dating with in situ produced cosmogenic 3He: Results from young Hawaiian lava flows
Mark D. Kurz, D. Colodner, T.W. Trull, Richard B. Moore, K. O’Brien
1990, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (97) 177-189
In an effort to determine the in situ production rate of spallation-produced cosmogenic 3He, and evaluate its use as a surface exposure chronometer, we have measured cosmogenic helium contents in a suite of Hawaiian radiocarbon-dated lava flows. The lava flows, ranging in age...
Temporal and spatial variations in the solute content of an alpine stream, Colorado Front Range
N. Caine, E.M. Thurman
1990, Geomorphology (4) 55-72
Seven years of discharge and water quality records define temporal and spatial patterns of solute movement in a Colorado alpine stream system. Dissolved solids concentrations are low, generally less than 30 mg 1−1 and occasionally less than 3 mg 1−1 at the highest elevations....
Numerical simulation of hydrothermal circulation in the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon
S. E. Ingebritsen, K.M. Paulson
1990, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Alternate conceptual models to explain near-surface heat-flow observations in the central Oregon Cascade Range involve (1) an extensive mid-crustal magmatic heat source underlying both the Quaternary arc and adjacent older rocks or (2) a narrower deep heat source which is flanked by a relatively shallow conductive heat-flow anomaly caused by...
Transformation of Monoaromatic hydrocarbons to organic acids in anoxic groundwater environment
I.M. Cozzarelli, R.P. Eganhouse, M.J. Baedecker
1990, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (16) 135-141
The transformation of benzene and a series of alkylbenzenes was studied in anoxic groundwater of a shallow glacial-outwash aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, U.S.A. Monoaromatic hydrocarbons, the most water-soluble components of crude oil, were transported downgradient of an oil spill, forming a plume of contaminated groundwater. Organic acids that were not...
Ouachitas need more exploratory drilling
Neil H. Suneson, Jock A. Campbell
1990, Oil & Gas Journal (88) 65-69
The Ouachita Mountains in southeastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas are part of a mostly buried late Paleozoic fold and thrust belt that extends from Alabama to northern Mexico. The principal hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Ouachita tectonic province can be subdivided into those that produce natural gas from shallow-water units and...
Carbon monoxide detection of chemisorbed oxygen in coal and other carbonaceous materials
C.C. Hinckley, T. Wiltowski, T. Wiltowska, D.W. Ellison, R.H. Shiley, L. Wu
1990, Fuel (69) 103-109
The oxidation of carbon monoxide by mildly oxidized and devolatilized coal samples was studied thermogravimetrically. The oxidation was attributed to oxygen chemisorbed on inorganic components of the coals. The reaction of CO with pyrite producing carbonyl sulphide, OCS, accompanied the oxidation. A mechanism for CO oxidation is proposed in which...
Iberian plate kinematics: A jumping plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa
S.P. Srivastava, Hans Schouten, W.R. Roest, Kim D. Klitgord, L.C. Kovacs, J. Verhoef, R. Macnab
1990, Nature (344) 756-759
THE rotation of Iberia and its relation to the formation of the Pyrenees has been difficult to decipher because of the lack of detailed sea-floor spreading data, although several models have been proposed1-7. Here we use detailed aeromagnetic measurements from the sea floor offshore of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland...
Partitioning of F between H2O and CO2 fluids and topaz rhyolite melt - Implications for mineralizing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in F-rich granitic systems
J.D. Webster
1990, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (104) 424-438
Fluid/melt distribution coefficients for F have been determined in experiments conducted with peraluminous topaz rhyolite melts and fluids consisting of H2O and H2O+CO2 at pressures of 0.5 to 5 kbar, temperatures of 775??-1000??C, and concentrations of F in the melt ranging from 0.5 to 6.9 wt%. The major element, F,...
Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems
P. D. Glynn, E.J. Reardon, Niel Plummer, E. Busenberg
1990, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (54) 267-282
Equations are presented describing equilibrium in binary solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems after a dissolution, precipitation, or recrystallization process, as a function of the composition and relative proportion of the initial phases. Equilibrium phase diagrams incorporating the concept of stoichiometric saturation are used to interpret possible reaction paths and to demonstrate...
Hydrocarbon geochemistry of hydrothermally generated petroleum from Escanaba trough, offshore California U.S.A.
K.A. Kvenvolden, J. B. Rapp, F. D. Hostettler
1990, Applied Geochemistry (5) 83-91
In 1986, three samples of sulfide-rich sediments, impregnated with hydrothermally derived, asphaltic petroleum, were recovered in a dredge and by submersible from Escanaba Trough, the sediment-covered, southern end of the Gorda Ridge spreading axis, offshore northern California. The molecular distributions of...
Will the 1990’s be a decade of increasingly destructive natural disasters?
P. L. Boulle
1990, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (22) 173-175
Today, there is a considerable body of knowledge about natural hazards that laso enables us to devise effective means to limit the damage they cause. Yet, the reality of the situation is that disasters are increasing in number worldwide, and their social and economic impacts are becoming more nad more...
Variations in the styles of erosion along the Florida Escarpment, eastern Gulf of Mexico
D.C. Twichell, L.M. Parson, C. K. Paull
1990, Marine and Petroleum Geology (7) 253-266
GLORIA sidescan sonographs and Seabeam bathymetric data show morphological differences along the Florida Escarpment which reflect that different erosional styles have been active along different parts of this carbonate platform edge. The northern half of the escarpment is cut by numerous small ravines spaced 1-5 km apart. Its southern half...
Comment on "The surface of lo: A new model" by Bruce Hapke
A. S. McEwen, J. I. Lunine
1990, Icarus (84) 268-274
Hapke (1989, Icarus 79, 56–74) proposed that the surface of Io is dominantly basaltic with thin coatings of polysulfur oxide, S2O, ad SO,2. However, observations and models of the active volcanism indicate that volatiles such as sulfur and SO2 must be more abundant than envisioned by Hapke....
Multidisciplinary hydrologic investigations at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
William W. Dudley Jr.
1990, Conference Paper
Future climatic conditions and tectonic processes have the potential to cause significant changes of the hydrologic system in the southern Great Basin, where a nuclear-waste repository is proposed for construction above the water table at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Geothermal anomalies in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain probably result from the...
The relation of catastrophic flooding of Mangala Valles, Mars, to faulting of Memnonia Fossae and Tharsis volcanism
K. L. Tanaka, M. G. Chapman
1990, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (95) 14315-14323
Detailed stratigraphic relations indicate two coeval periods of catastrophic flooding and Tharsis centered faulting (producing Memnonia Fossae) in the Mangala Valles region of Mars. Major sequences of lava flows of the Tharsis Montes Formation and local, lobate plains flows were erupted during and between these channeling and faulting episodes. First,...
Biostratigraphy, lithofacies and paleoenvironments of the Gulf 718-1 well, U.S. Mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf
L.J. Poppe, R.E. Hall, H.L. Cousminer, R.W. Stanton, W.E. Steinkraus
1990, Marine Geology (92) 27-50
The Gulf 718-1 well, located on the southwestern flank of the Schlee Dome, was drilled to a total depth of 3905 m. The oldest sedimentary rocks sampled were not fossiliferous, but are probably of Late Jurassic age. Sandstones and siltstones are the dominant lithologies except in the intervals between 1213...
Characterization of hydrocarbon gas within the stratigraphic interval of gas-hydrate stability on the North Slope of Alaska, U.S.A.
T. S. Collett, K.A. Kvenvolden, L. B. Magoon
1990, Applied Geochemistry (5) 279-287
In the Kuparuk River Unit 2D-15 well, on the North Slope of Alaska, a 60 m-thick stratigraphic interval that lies within the theoretical pressure-temperature field of gas-hydrate stability is inferred to contain methane hydrates. This inference is based on interpretations from...
Interpretation of Na-K-Mg relations in geothermal waters
R.O. Fournier
1990, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
When using a Na-K-???Mg triangular diagram as an aid in the interpretation of a geothermal water, the estimated temperature of last water-rock equilibration may change by as much as 50??C, depending on which of the many Na/K geothermometers one assumes is correct. A particular geothermometer may work well in one...
Source inversion of the 1988 Upland, California, earthquake: Determination of a fault plane for a small event
J. Mori, S. Hartzell
1990, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (80) 507-518
We examined short-period P waves to investigate if waveform data could be used to determine which of two nodal planes was the actual fault plane for a small (ML 4.6) earthquake near Upland, California. We removed path and site complications by choosing a small aftershock (ML 2.7) as an empirical...
Eruptions of Mount St. Helens : Past, present, and future
Robert I. Tilling, Lyn J. Topinka, Donald A. Swanson
1990, Report
Mount St. Helens, located in southwestern Washington about 50 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon, is one of several lofty volcanic peaks that dominate the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest; the range extends from Mount Garibaldi in British Columbia, Canada, to Lassen Peak in northern California. Geologists call Mount St....
Magnetic forward models of Cement oil field, Oklahoma, based on rock magnetic, geochemical, and petrologic constraints
R. L. Reynolds, M. Webring, V. J. S. Grauch, M. Tuttle
1990, Geophysics (55) 344-353
Magnetic forward models of the Cement oil field, Oklahoma, were generated to assess the possibility that ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite related to hydrocarbon seepage in the upper 1 km of Permian strata contributes to aeromagnetic anomalies at Cement. Six bodies having different magnetizations were constructed for the magnetic models, based on geology...
Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery
R.L. Wildey
1990, Earth, Moon and Planets (48) 197-231
The project to develop a line-integral approach to 2-dimensional radarclinometry and to bring it to the status of producing topographic maps from real radar images has been concluded. The final developments of the theory itself have involved a trial-and-error resolution of the curvature decision process at each integration step over...
Radiocarbon analyses from Cincinnati, Ohio, and their implications for glacial stratigraphic interpretations
T.V. Lowell, K.M. Savage, Brockman C. Scott, R. Stuckenrath
1990, Quaternary Research (34) 1-11
Detailed analysis of a site near Cincinnati, Ohio, shows that 14C ages of samples in a single geologic unit can have a range of several thousand years and ages from different stratigraphic units can overlap. At the Sharonville site, four 14C samples from organic silt below glaciogenic deposits have an...
Monitoring land subsidence in Sacramento Valley, California, using GPS
J. C. Blodgett, M. E. Ikehara, Gary E. Williams
1990, Journal of Surveying Engineering (116) 112-130
Land subsidence measurement is usually based on a comparison of bench-mark elevations surveyed at different times. These bench marks, established for mapping or the national vertical control network, are not necessarily suitable for measuring land subsidence. Also, many bench marks have been destroyed or are unstable. Conventional releveling of the...
