A comparison of soil climate and biological activity along an elevation gradient in the eastern Mojave Desert
R.G. Amundson, O.A. Chadwick, J.M. Sowers
1989, Oecologia (80) 395-400
Soil temperature, moisture, and CO2 were monitored at four sites along an elevation transect in the eastern Mojave Desert from January to October, 1987. Climate appeared to be the major factor controlling CO2 partial pressures, primarily through its influence of rates of biological reactions, vegetation densities, and organic matter production....
New fault picture points toward San Francisco Bay area earthquakes
R. A. Kerr
1989, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (21) 116-120
Recent earthquakes and a new way of looking at faults suggest that damaging earthquakes are closing in on the San Francisco area. Earthquakes Awareness Week 1989 in northern California started off with a bang on Monday, 3 April, when a magnitude 4.8 earthquake struck 15 kilometers northeast of San Jose....
Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 1. Problems and concepts
Donald G. Jorgensen, Donald C. Signor, Jeffrey L. Imes
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 669-676
Intracell flow is important in modeling cells that contain both sources and sinks. Special attention is needed if recharge through the water table is a source. One method of modeling multiple sources and sinks is to determine the net recharge per cell. For example, for a model cell containing both...
Stress origins and earthquake potentials in Cascadia
W. Spence
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 3076-3088
Focal mechanism solutions for shallow earthquakes throughout the Cascadia plate system indicate that the primary regional stress is northerly compression, even though the Juan de Fuca plate generally is thought to be subducting N50°E. This compressional stress is pervasive throughout the Gorda-Juan de Fuca-Explorer plate system and much of the...
Assessing the validity of the channel model of fracture aperture under field conditions
Allen M. Shapiro, James R. Nicholas
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 817-828
In recent investigations of fluid and solute movement in discrete fractures, spatial heterogeneity of the fracture aperture has been conceptualized as a series of noninterconnecting constant aperture flow paths, or channels. Two methods of estimating the distribution of the aperture sizes are presented using information from a single-hole pumping test...
Correlation of Miocene flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group from the central Columbia River Plateau to the coast of Oregon and Washington
Ray E. Wells, R.W. Simpson, R. D. Bentley, Melvin H. Beeson, Margaret T. Mangan, Thomas L. Wright
1989, Book chapter, Volcanism and Tectonism in the Columbia River Flood-Basalt Province, Geological Society of America Special Paper 239
Nearly twenty flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) can be paleomagnetically and chemically correlated westward as far as 500 km from the Columbia Plateau in Washington, through the Columbia Gorge, to the Coast Range of Oregon and Washington. In the Coast Range near Cathlamet, Washington, the CRBG flow...
Behavioural interaction between fish predators and their prey: effects of plant density
Jacqueline F. Savino, Roy A. Stein
1989, Animal Behaviour (37) 311-321
Prey-specific anti-predatory behaviour under different degrees of structural complexity determines foraging success of predators. The behaviour of piscivorous fish (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides and northern pike, Esox lucius) and their prey (bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, and fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas) were quantified in 60-min experiments in laboratory pools (2 multiplied by...
Assessment of lake trout spawning habitat quality in central Lake Huron by submarine
Bruce A. Manny, Thomas A. Edsall
1989, Journal of Great Lakes Research (15) 164-173
Interstitial water quality was measured using a submersible at seven locations on Six Fathom Bank. Historically, the bank was an important lake trout spawning ground. It is currently the focus of coordinated, interagency efforts to rehabilitate lake trout in Lake Huron. Water quality, evaluated from measurements of...
ROV dives under Great Lakes ice
S. J. Bolsenga, John E. Gannon, Gregory Kennedy, D. C. North, Charles E. Herdendorf
1989, Cold Regions Science and Technology (16) 89-93
Observations of the underside of ice have a wide variety of applications. Severe under-ice roughness can affect ice movements, rough under-ice surfaces can scour the bottom disturbing biota and man-made structures such as pipelines, and the flow rate of rivers is often affected by under-ice roughness. A few...
Rates and processes of channel development and recovery following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
D. F. Meyer, H. A. Martinson
1989, Hydrological Sciences Journal (34) 115-127
Stream channel development in response to the eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980, resulted in some of the largest sediment yields documented anywhere on earth. Development of new channels on the 2.7 km3 debris-avalanche deposit in the North Fork Toutle River caused net erosion of as much as...
Singularity spectrum of intermittent seismic tremor at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
H. R. Shaw, B. Chouet
1989, Geophysical Research Letters (16) 195-198
Fractal singularity analysis (FSA) is used to study a 22-year record of deep seismic tremor (30–60 km depth) for regions below Kilauea Volcano on the assumption that magma transport and fracture can be treated as a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. Tremor episodes range from 1...
Circular convection during subsurface injection of liquid waste, St. Petersburg, Florida
John J. Hickey
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 1481-1494
Injection of liquid waste into a highly transmissive, saltwater-bearing, fractured dolomite underlying the city of St. Petersburg, Florida, provided an opportunity to study density-dependent flow associated with two miscible and density-different liquids. The injection zone was 98 m thick with a radial hydraulic conductivity of 762 m/d and a vertical...
The San Francisco Bay estuary - an overview
F.H. Nichols
1989, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial Oceanic Society State of the Bay Conference
No abstract available....
Influence of coupling of sorption and photosynthetic processes on trace element cycles in natural waters
C. C. Fuller, J.A. Davis
1989, Nature (340) 52-57
Chemical and biological processes have important roles in the transport and cycling of trace elements in natural waters, but their complex interactions are often not well understood. Trace-element concentrations may, for example, be controlled by adsorption-desorption reactions at mineral surfaces, with the equilibrium strongly influenced by pH. Variations in pH...
Morphology of Red Creek, Wyoming, an arid-region anastomosing channel system
R.R. Schumann
1989, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (14) 277-288
The narrow, deep, and sinuous main channel is flanked by anastomosing flood channels, or anabranches. Most anabranches are initiated at meander bends. The primary mechanism of anabranch initiation is avulsion during overbank floods. -from Author...
A branched hydrodynamic model of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California
F. N. Wong, R. T. Cheng
1989, Conference Paper, Proceedings, National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
No abstract available....
Oligocene caldera complex and calc-alkaline tuffs and lavas of the Indian Peak volcanic field, Nevada and Utah
M. G. Best, E. H. Christiansen, H. R. Blank Jr.
1989, Geological Society of America Bulletin (101) 1076-1090
The Indian Peak volcanic field is representative of the more than 50,000 km3 of ash-flow tuff and tens of calderas in the Great Basin that formed during the Oligocene-early Miocene "ignimbrite flareup" in southwestern North America. The field formed about 32 to 27 Ma in the southeastern Great Basin and consists...
Erosion in the juniata river drainage basin, Pennsylvania
W. D. Sevon
1989, Geomorphology (2) 303-318
Previously calculated erosion rates througouth the Appalachians range from 1.2 to 203 m Myr−1. Calculation of erosion rates has been accomplished by: (1) evaluation of riverine solute and sediment load in either large or small drainage basins; (2) estimation from the volume...
Review of factors affecting recovery of freshwater stored in saline aquifers
Michael L. Merritt
1989, Conference Paper
A simulation analysis reported previously, and summarized herein, identified the effects of various geohydrologic and operational factors on recoverability of the injected water. Buoyancy stratification, downgradient advection, and hydrodynamic dispersion are the principal natural processes that reduce the amount of injected water that can be recovered. Buoyancy stratification is shown...
Wilderness and the protection of genetic diversity
C. Schonewald-Cox, T.J. Stohlgren
1989, General Technical Report SE-51
No abstract available at this time...
Calorimetry of heterogeneous systems: H+ binding to TiO2 in NaCl
S.R. Mehr, D.J. Eatough, L.D. Hansen, E.A. Lewis, J.A. Davis
1989, Thermochimica Acta (154) 129-143
A simultaneous calorimetric and potentiometric technique has been developed for measuring the thermodynamics of proton binding to mineral oxides in the presence of a supporting electrolyte. Modifications made to a commercial titration calorimeter to add a combination pH electrode and maintain an inert atmosphere in the calorimeter reaction vessel are...
Solubility of jarosite solid solutions precipitated from acid mine waters, Iron Mountain, California
Charles N. Alpers, D. Kirk Nordstrom, J.W. Ball
1989, Science Geological Bulletin (42) 281-298
Because of the common occurrence of 15 to 25 mole percent hydronium substitution on the alkali site in jarosites, it is necessary to consider the hydronium content of jarosites in any attempt at rigorous evaluation of jarosite solubility or of the saturation state of natural waters with respect to jarosite....
Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the new Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky
R.W. Jibson, D. K. Keefer
1989, Engineering Geology (27) 509-542
More than 220 large landslides along the bluffs bordering the Mississippi alluvial plain between Cairo, Ill., and Memphis, Tenn., are analyzed by discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression to determine the relative effects of slope height and steepness, stratigraphic variation, slope aspect, and proximity to the hypocenters of the 1811-12...
Geomorphology of coastal sand dunes, Baldwin County, Alabama
Bennett L. Bearden, Richard L. Hummell, Robert M. Mink
1989, Conference Paper, Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management
Alabama's coastal eolian deposits are primarily vegetated dunes that are exemplified by sand ridges with flat to undulating upper surfaces and continuous irregular crests. Dune fields occur along Morgan peninsula between the foredune line and Little Lagoon and the Mobile Bay area. These dune fields consist primarily of one or...
Style of extensional tectonism during rifting, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
R. G. Bohannon
1989, Journal of African Earth Sciences (8) 589-602
Models describing the development of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, prior to the present periods of sea-floor spreading, include those that use block faulting on steep normal faults, uniform diffuse shear in continental crust, simple shear on large detachment faults that cut the entire lithosphere, combinations involving...
