On the front lines in Coalinga
G. Marcussen
1984, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (16) 188-189
I have often been asked, "As a city manager, what is the first thing you do in an earthquake?" I generally say, "Look up, something heavy might be falling on you. Actually, the first step is to declare an emergency. The city council can ratify it later. The declaration is in...
Chemical equilibration of the Earth's core and upper mantle
R. Brett
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 1183-1188
The oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the Earth's upper mantle appears to lie somewhat above that of the iron-wüstite buffer, its fO2 is assumed to have been similar to the present value at the time of core formation. In the upper mantle, the Fe-rich liquid protocore that would form under such conditions...
Ferromanganese micronodules from the surficial sediments of Georges Bank
L.J. Poppe, J.A. Commeau, F.T. Manheim, P. J. Aruscavage
1984, Journal of Marine Research (42) 463-472
Ferromanganese micronodules have been found on Georges Bank, off the U.S. northeast coast, distributed throughout the surficial sediments within an area about 125 km long and at least 12 km wide. These coarse, sand-sized concretions have precipitated from metal-rich interstitial waters and contain many of the textural and structural features...
Blue Mountain Lake, New York, earthquake of October 7, 1983.
G. Wendt
1984, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (16) 23-23
The October 7 earthquake near Blue Mountain Lake in the central Adirondack Mountains registered a preliminary Richter magnitude of 5.2. It was widely felt throughout the Northeastern United States and Canada and occurred in an area that has been periodically shaken by earthquakes throughout recorded history. Since 1737, at least...
A Nd, Sr and O isotopic investigation into the causes of chemical and isotopic zonation in the Bishop Tuff, California
A. N. Halliday, A.E. Fallick, J. Hutchinson, W. Hildreth
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (68) 379-391
The Bishop Tuff represents a single eruption of chemically zoned rhyolitic magma. Six whole rock samples spanning the compositional and temperature range yield initial87Sr/86Sr of 0.7060–0.7092 andδ18O of 5.9–10.3‰. Six constituent sanidines yield smaller ranges of initial87Sr/86Sr of 0.7061–0.7069 andδ18O of 6.7–7.9. In contrast143Nd/144Nd ratios for...
Molybdenum and copper levels in white-tailed deer near uranium mines in Texas
Kirk A. King, John LeLeux, Bernard M. Mulhern
1984, Journal of Wildlife Management (48) 267-270
No abstract available. ...
Pilot study for U.S. Geological Survey Standard Reference Water Samples for pesticides
L.C. Friedman, M. J. Fishman, D.K. Boyle
1984, Journal of Testing and Evaluation (12) 114-118
The U.S. Geological Survey has been preparing and maintaining a library of standard reference water samples for inorganic constituents for 19 years. Recently, a pilot study was conducted to see if the reference-sample program could be expanded to include pesticides and other organic materials. Two samples containing organochlorine and organophosphorus...
Geochemical and radiological characterization of soils from former radium processing sites
E. R. Landa
1984, Health Physics (46) 385-394
Soil samples were collected from former radium processing sites in Denver, CO, and East Orange, NJ. Particle-size separations and radiochemical analyses of selected samples showed that while the greatest contents of both 226Ra and U were generally found in the finest (< 45 ??m) fraction, the pattern was not always...
Evaluation of metal ion absorptive characteristics of three types of plastic sample bags used for pecipitation sampling
A.B. Good, L.J. Schroder
1984, Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Environmental Science and Engineering (19) 631-640
Simulated precipitation samples containing 16 metal ions were prepared at 4 pH values. Absorptive characteristics of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester/polyolefin sacks were evaluated at pH 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. Simulated precipitation was in contact with the sacks for 17 days, and subsamples were removed for chemical analysis at 3,...
Inter-pulse high-resolution gamma-ray spectra using a 14 MeV pulsed neutron generator
L.G. Evans, J.I. Trombka, D.H. Jensen, W.A. Stephenson, R. A. Hoover, J.L. Mikesell, A.B. Tanner, F. E. Senftle
1984, Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research (219) 233-242
A neutron generator pulsed at 100 s-1 was suspended in an artificial borehole containing a 7.7 metric ton mixture of sand, aragonite, magnetite, sulfur, and salt. Two Ge(HP) gamma-ray detectors were used: one in a borehole sonde, and one at the outside wall of the sample tank opposite the neutron...
Isotope composition of sulphate in acid mine drainage as measure of bacterial oxidation
B.E. Taylor, M.C. Wheeler, D. Kirk Nordstrom
1984, Nature (308) 538-541
The formation of acid waters by oxidation of pyrite-bearing ore deposits, mine tailing piles, and coal measures is a complex biogeochemical process and is a serious environmental problem. We have studied the oxygen and sulphur isotope geochemistry of sulphides, sulphur, sulphate and water in the field and in experiments to...
Computation of free oscillations of the earth
Raymond P. Buland, F. Gilbert
1984, Journal of Computational Physics (54) 95-114
Although free oscillations of the Earth may be computed by many different methods, numerous practical considerations have led us to use a Rayleigh-Ritz formulation with piecewise cubic Hermite spline basis functions. By treating the resulting banded matrix equation as a generalized algebraic eigenvalue problem, we are able to achieve great...
Chemical determination of particulate nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. A comparison of two estimates
S.W. Hager, D.D. Harmon
1984, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (19) 181-191
Particulate nitrogen was measured by both the ultra-violet light-catalyzed peroxide method and the high temperature combustion method. The difference between values obtained with the two methods (combustion minus UV) was found to be linearly correlated with the concentration of total suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the sample. The slope of...
Geochemistry of a naturally occurring massive marine gas hydrate
Keith A. Kvenvolden, George E. Claypool, Charles N. Threlkeld, Sloan E. Dendy
1984, Organic Geochemistry (6) 703-713
During Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 84 a core 1 m long and 6 cm in diameter of massive gas hydrate was unexpectedly recovered at Site 570 in upper slope sediment of the Middle America Trench offshore of Guatemala. This core contained only 5–7% sediment, the remainder being the...
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S RESEARCH PROGRAM IN THE NEWLY PROCLAIMED EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE.
Gary Hill
1984, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been developing a program which would emphasize broad-scale surveys of the continental margin and intensive studies of 'baseline corridors' in various areas of the U. S. EEZ to gather energy and mining information in this new frontier as quickly as possible. Of twelve...
Post-fire recovery of California coastal sage scrub
Jon E. Keeley, Sterling C. Keeley
1984, American Midland Naturalist (111) 105-117
Postfire regeneration of the shrub and herb vegetation on eight coastal slopes of California coastal sage scrub was studied in the first two growing seasons after fire. All shrub species resprouted with the exception of the suffrutescent Lotus scoparius, though it is not known if this species was alive prior...
Relationship between quantity and quality of storm runoff and various watershed characteristics in Minnesota, USA
Rob G. Brown
1984, Conference Paper
Watersheds are rural areas undergoing urbanization with current urban land use comprising 4 to 58 percent of the watershed area. The quantity and quality of storm runoff in the watersheds was tested for correlations (significance level of 0. 05) with various land-surface features and landuse characteristics. Quantity of storm runoff...
Interpretation of gravity data in a complex volcano-tectonic setting, southwestern Nevada
David B. Snyder, W. J. Carr
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 10193-10206
This regional gravity study, based on an irregular 2-km data grid, was conducted during the past few years at Yucca Mountain, southern Nye County, Nevada, as part of a program to locate a suitable repository for high-level nuclear waste. About 100 surface rock samples, three borehole gamma-gamma logs, and one...
Chemical determination of particulate nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. Nitrogen: chlorophyll a ratios in plankton
S.W. Hager, D.D. Harmon, A.E. Alpine
1984, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (19) 193-204
Particulate nitrogen (PN) and chlorophyll a (Chla) were measured in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay throughout 1980. The PN values were calculated as the differences between unfiltered and filtered (0·4 μm) samples analyzed using the UV-catalyzed peroxide digestion method. The Chla values were measured spectrophotometrically, with corrections made for phaeopigments. The...
Age and origin of anorthosites, charnockites, and granulites in the Central Virginia Blue Ridge: Nd and Sr isotopic evidence
H.S. Pettingill, A.K. Sinha, M. Tatsumoto
1984, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (85) 279-291
Rb-Sr isotopic data for anorthosites, charnockites, ferrodioritic to quartz monzonitic plutons, and high-grade gneisses of the Blue Ridge of central Virginia show evidence of post-emplacement metamorphism, but in some cases retain Grenville ages. The Pedlar River Charnockite Suite yields an isochron age of 1021 +/-36 Ma, (initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of...
The isotope systematics of a juvenile intraplate volcano: Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii
H. Staudigel, A. Zindler, S.R. Hart, T. Leslie, C.-Y. Chen, D. Clague
1984, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (69) 13-29
Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios for a representative suite of 15 basanites, alkali basalts, transitional basalts and tholeiites from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, display unusually large variations for a single volcano, but lie within known ranges for Hawaiian basalts. Nd isotope...
Origin of epigenetic calcite in coal from Antarctica and Ohio based on isotope compositions of oxygen, carbon and strontium
G. Faure, G. Botoman
1984, Chemical Geology (46) 313-324
Isotopic compositions of oxygen, carbon and strontium of calcite cleats in coal seams of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and Tuscarawas County, Ohio, contain a record of the conditions a the time of their formation. The Antarctic calcites (?? 18O(SMOW) = +9.14 to +11.82%0) were deposited from waters enriched in 16O...
Peralkaline ash flow tuffs and calderas of the McDermitt Volcanic Field, southeast Oregon and north central Nevada
J. J. Rytuba, E.H. McKee
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 8616-8628
The McDermitt volcanic field covers an area of 20,000 km2 in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada and consists of seven large-volume ash flow sheets that vented from 16.1 to 15 Ma ago. The volcanic field is characterized by peralkaline, high-silica rhyolite, and all but one of the sheets are comendites. The...
Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics
M. R. Miller, K. J. Reinecke
1984, Condor (86) 396-400
We review metabolizable energy (ME) concepts and present evidence suggesting that the form of ME used for analyses of avian energetics can affect interpretation of results. Apparent ME (AME) is the most widely used measure of food energy available to birds. True ME (TME) differs from AME in recognizing fecal and urinary energy of nonfood origin as...
Archaeological sedimentology of overbank silt deposits on the floodplain of the Ohio River near Louisville, Kentucky
H.H. Gray
1984, Journal of Archaeological Science (11) 421-432
The surface of the floodplain of the Ohio River about 20km southwest of Louisville, Kentucky, is a series of linear ridges and swales that are subparallel to the channel of the river, which here is relatively straight and flows southward. Numerous prehistoric occupational sites are located on these ridges. The...
