The group separation of the rare-earth elements and yttrium from geologic materials by cation-exchange chromatography
J.G. Crock, F.E. Lichte, T.R. Wildeman
1984, Chemical Geology (45) 149-163
Demand is increasing for the determination of the rare-earth elements (REE) and yttrium in geologic materials. Due to their low natural abundance in many materials and the interferences that occur in many methods of determination, a separation procedure utilizing gradient strong-acid cation-exchange chromatography is often used to preconcentrate and isolate...
Midseason mapping of sunflowers using Landsat digital data
W.H. Anderson, D.O. Ohlen, S.D. Fairaizl
1984, Journal of Wildlife Management (48) 295-298
The mapping results suggest that for the midsummer Landsat data used, there was not a sufficiently reliable relationship between Landsat-derived spectral clusters and sunflowers to allow 'automated' production of useful sunflower location maps. The occurrence of sunflower pixels in all cluster classes was a consequence of the diversity in sunflower...
Banded iron-formations of late Proterozoic age in the central eastern desert, Egypt: Geology and tectonic setting
P.K. Sims, H. L. James
1984, Economic Geology (79) 1777-1784
In the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, deposits of iron-formation of the Algoma type occur as sharply defined stratigraphic units within layered volcanogenic rocks of late Proterozoic age. The volcanic sequence is characterized by interfingering and repetition of rocks of dominantly andesite-basalt composition and by tectonically juxtaposed ophiolitelike assemblages; it...
Origins and exploration significance of replacement and vein-type alunite deposits in the Marysvale volcanic field, west central Utah
C. G. Cunningham, R. O. Rye, T. A. Steven, H. H. Mehnert
1984, Economic Geology (79) 50-71
Alunite deposits formed 23 m.y. ago in near-surface, highly oxidizing conditions at the tops of hydrothermal plumes that were spaced at 3- to 4-km intervals around a monzonite stock. The delta 34 S values of 11.5 to 15.4 per mil for replacement alunite along with geologic constraints indicate that sulfate sulfur was...
Amino acid epimerization implies rapid sedimentation rates in Arctic Ocean cores
H.P. Sejrup, G. H. Miller, J. Brigham-Grette, R. Lovlie, D. Hopkins
1984, Nature (310) 772-775
The palaeooceanography of the Arctic Ocean is less well known than any other ocean basin, due to difficulties in obtaining cores and in providing a secure chronological framework for those cores that have been raised. Most recent investigators have suggested that low sedimentation rates (0.05-0.1 cm kyr-1) have characterized the...
The use of geologic and seismologic information to reduce earthquake Hazards in California
W. J. Kockelman, C.C. Campbell
1984, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (6) 67-78
Five examples illustrate how geologic and seismologic information can be used to reduce the effects of earthquakes Included are procedures for anticipating damage to critical facilities, preparing, adopting, or implementing seismic safety studies, plans, and programs, retrofitting highway bridges, regulating development in areas subject to fault-rupture, and strengthening or removing...
Aquifer reclamation design: The use of contaminant transport simulation combined with nonlinear programing
Steven M. Gorelick, Clifford I. Voss, Philip E. Gill, Walter Murray, Michael A. Saunders, Margaret H. Wright
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 415-427
A simulation-management methodology is demonstrated for the rehabilitation of aquifers that have been subjected to chemical contamination. Finite element groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation are combined with nonlinear optimization. The model is capable of determining well locations plus pumping and injection rates for groundwater quality control. Examples demonstrate linear...
Stable isotope geochemistry of acid mine drainage: Experimental oxidation of pyrite
B.E. Taylor, M.C. Wheeler, D. Kirk Nordstrom
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 2669-2678
Sulfate and water from experiments in which pyrite was oxidized at a pH of 2.0 were analyzed for sulfur and oxygen stable isotopes. Experiments were conducted under both aerobic and anaerobic sterile conditions, as well as under aerobic conditions in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, to elucidate the pathways of...
MAPPING IN MICRONESIA.
Randle W. Olsen, J.R. Swinnerton
1984, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The U. S. Geological Survey has recently completed a series of new topographic maps of Micronesia in cooperation with the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Federal agency administering the islands. Monocolor 1:10,000-scale manuscripts were compiled, from which 1:25,000-scale metric quadrangles were derived with symbology consistent with USGS quadrangle...
Local gravity anomalies produced by dislocation sources
J.C. Savage
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 1945-1952
Rundle (1978) and Walsh and Rice (1979) have shown that the change in the vertical component of gravity is proportional to uplift for a spherical source of dilatation and for slip on an infinitely long dip-slip fault. In the first case, no free air gravity anomaly is produced and in...
Geomorphic and vegetative characteristics along three northern Virginia streams
W. R. Osterkamp, C.R. Hupp
1984, Geological Society of America Bulletin (95) 501-513
Geometry, sediment, and woody-vegetation data were collected from bottomland geomorphic surfaces at valley sections along three gaged perennial streams of northern Virginia. The basins of the streams differ widely in topography and physiography; mean discharges vary from 0.196 to 323 m3 per sec. Prevalent surfaces identified were the depositional bar, the...
Submarine sand dunes and sedimentary environments in Oceanographer Canyon.
P. C. Valentine, R.A. Cooper, J. R. Uzmann
1984, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (54) 704-715
Observations from research submersibles in the northern part of Oceanographer Canyon reveal the presence of an extensive field of large sand dunes on the canyon floor. The dunes are medium to coarse sand, are oriented across the axis, and the largest of them are as high as 3 m and...
Effect of anisotropy and groundwater system geometry on seepage through lakebeds. 1. Analog and dimensional analysis
H.O. Pfannkuch, T. C. Winter
1984, Journal of Hydrology (75) 213-237
Distribution of seepage through lakebeds is controlled partly by geometric configuration of the lake and of the groundwater system interacting with the lake. To evaluate the effect of these factors, conductive-paper electric-analog models were used to analyze a number of lake and groundwater...
Evolution of the MOSS geographic information system for 32-bit computer systems
R.J. Thompson, Lyndon R. Oleson
1984, Conference Paper
The authors discuss the current status and plans regarding the 32-bit implementation of the Map Overly and Statistical System (MOSS) geographic information system. Increasing interest in this system is promoting significant expansion of its capabilities, but any such enhancements will require careful analysis and planning to ensure that the resulting...
Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge
R.A. Koski, D.A. Clague, E. Oudin
1984, Geological Society of America Bulletin (95) 930-945
Six hydrothermal vent sites and associated benthic communities were located in the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge using transponder-navigated bottom photography. The hydrothermal deposits form ledges and shallow mounds within a central zone characterized by a linear bathymetric depression...
DISCRIMINATION OF GRANITOIDS AND MINERALIZED GRANITOIDS IN THE MIDYAN REGION, NORTHWESTERN ARABIAN SHIELD, SAUDI ARABIA, BY LANDSAT MSS DATA-ANALYSIS.
Philip A. Davis, Maurice J. Grolier
1984, Conference Paper
Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) band and band-ratio databases of two scenes covering the Midyan region of northwestern Saudi Arabia were examined quantitatively and qualitatively to determine which databases best discriminate the geologic units of this semi-arid and arid region. Unsupervised, linear-discriminant cluster-analysis was performed on these two band-ratio combinations and...
Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Water-quality changes and potential for recovery of injected sewage
J.J. Hickey, G. G. Ehrlich
1984, Ground Water (22) 397-405
The city of St. Petersburg is testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. The injection zone at the test site at the start of...
Distribution of trace elements in coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio
C.A. Palmer, R.H. Filby
1984, Fuel (63) 318-328
Size and density separates of low-temperature-ashed coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio, have been used to determine the mode of occurrence of 28 minor and trace elements in coal. The size distribution of the major minerals has been determined, and correlations of trace elements with major minerals have...
The continental slope off New England: A long-range sidescan-sonar perspective
Kathryn M. Scanlon
1984, Geo-Marine Letters (4) 1-4
The first continuous overview of a large segment of the continental slope and rise off the northeastern United States has been obtained using the GLORIA II long-range sidescan-sonar system. Extensive dissection by canyon and gully systems and evidence of possible large-scale sediment sliding are seen on the slope. The style...
Time and the crystallization of apatite in seawater
R. A. Gulbrandsen, C. E. Roberson, S.T. Neil
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 213-218
Carbonate fluorapatite has been synthesized in seawater in an experiment of nearly 10-years duration. The addition of phosphate to seawater whose fluoride concentration had been increased to 7.6 mg/l brought about an initial amorphous phosphate precipitate. After 20 months, a crystalline magnesium phosphate phase developed within the amorphous phosphate. Crystallization...
Chromite from the Blue Ridge province of North Carolina
Bruce R. Lipin
1984, American Journal of Science (284) 507-529
Accessory chromite in dunite shows a variety of textures that indicate alteration. One group, type A, consists of four types of chromite: clean chromite; lattice chromite, in which the invading chlorite occurs along three directions in the (100) plane; optically zoned chromite; and poikiloblastic chromite. Most of type A chromites...
The Balmat-Edwards zinc-lead deposits; synsedimentary ore from Mississippi Valley-type fluids
J. F. Whelan, R. O. Rye, W. Delorraine
1984, Economic Geology (79) 239-265
Reconstruction of some aspects of the initial environment of ore deposition through detailed S, C, and O isotope studies of the Fowler orebody, and through reconnaissance trace element and S isotope studies of sphalerite concentrates and composite samples of ore from 22 orebodies; and (2) evaluation of the effects of...
The San Andreas Fault
Sandra S. Schulz, Robert E. Wallace
1984, Report
Statistical summaries of streamflow data in Oregon; Volume 1, eastern Oregon
John Friday, S. J. Miller
1984, Open-File Report 84-454
Statistical summaries of streamflow data at 335 streamgaging sites are presented in this two volume report to aid in appraising the hydrology of river basins in Oregon. Records for 31 gaging stations were compiled into separate periods owing to changes in regulation during the period of data collection. The periods...
Crassulacean acid metabolism in submerged aquatic plants
Jon E. Keeley
C. Sybesme, editor(s)
1984, Book chapter, Advances in Photosynthesis Research: Proceedings of the VIth International Congress on Photosynthesis (Volume IV)
CO2-fixation in the dark is known to occur in various organs of many plants. However, only in species possessing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) does dark CO2-fixation contribute substantially to the carbon economy of the plant. Until very recently CAM was known only from terrestrial...
