Gravity studies in the Cascade Range
Carol A. Finn, David Williams
1983, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
A compatible set of gravity data has been compiled for the entire Cascade Range. From this data set a series of interpretive color gravity maps have been prepared, including a free air anomaly map, Bouguer anomaly map at a principle, and an alternate reduction density, and filtered and derivative versions...
The nature of carbon dioxide waters in Snaefellsnes, western Iceland
S. Arnorsson, I. Barnes
1983, Geothermics (12) 171-176
Over 20 occurrences of thermal and non-thermal waters rich in carbon dioxide are known in the Snaefellsnes Peninsula of western Iceland. On the basis of the thermal, chemical and isotopic characteristics of these waters, and hydrological considerations, it is concluded that they represent meteoric waters which have seeped to variable...
Distribution of differentiated tholeiitic basalts on the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: A possible guide to geothermal exploration
R. B. Moore
1983, Geology (11) 136-140
Geologic mapping of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, indicates that more than 100 eruptions have extruded an estimated 10 km3 of basalt during the past 2,000 yr. Six eruptions in the past 200 yr have extruded about 1 km3. The...
A short-pulse electromagnetic transponder for hole-to-hole use
David L. Wright, Raymond D. Watts, Erik Bramsoe
1983, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GE-22) 720-725
We have made hole-to-hole observations through nearly 20 m of granite using an electromagnetic transponder (an active reflector) in one borehole and a single-hole short-pulse radar in another. We found that the transponder is inexpensive, operationally simple, and effective in extending the capability of a short-pulse borehole radar system to...
The Eastern Gas Shales Project (EGSP) Data System: A case study in data base design, development, and application
T. S. Dyman, L.A. Wilcox
1983, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (15) 363-369
The U.S. Geological Survey and Petroleum Information Corporation in Denver, Colorado, developed the Eastern Gas Shale Project (EGSP)Data System for the U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, West Virginia. Geological, geochemical, geophysical, and engineering data from Devonian shale samples from more than 5800 wells and outcrops in the Appalachian basin were...
The contribution of humic substances to the acidity of colored natural waters
B.G. Oliver, E.M. Thurman, Ronald L. Malcolm
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 2031-2035
An operationally defined carboxyl content of humic substances extracted from rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwaters throughout the United States and Canada is reported. Despite the diversity of the samples, only small variations were observed in this humic carboxyl content. The dissociation behavior of two combined fulvic/humic acid extracts was...
Nontronite from a low-temperature hydrothermal system on the Juan de Fuca Ridge
R. Murnane, D.A. Clague
1983, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (65) 343-352
A deposit of Fe-rich, Al-poor, hydrothermal nontronite was recovered from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Analyses show the deposit to be mineralogically and chemically similar to nontronite described at other oceanic localities. The deposit is located near the tip of a...
River discharge controls phytoplankton dynamics in the northern San Francisco Bay estuary
J. E. Cloern, A.E. Alpine, B.E. Cole, R.L.J. Wong, J.F. Arthur, M.D. Ball
1983, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (16) 415-429
Phytoplankton dynamics in the upper reach of the northern San Francisco Bay estuary are usually characterized by low biomass dominated by microflagellates or freshwater diatoms in winter, and high biomass dominated by neritic diatoms in summer. During two successive years of very low river discharge (the drought of 1976-77), the...
MASS STORAGE ESTIMATES FOR THE DIGITAL MAPPING AREA.
Donald L. Light
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
Modern computer technology offers cartographers the potential for transition from conventional film-oriented methods to digital techniques as the way of mapping in the future. Traditional methods utilizing silver halide aerial and lithographic films for storage are time proven, and film is a very high density archival storage media. In view...
Main field and recent secular variation.
L.R. Alldredge
1983, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (21) 599-603
As Cain (1979) indicated might happen in the last IUGG quadrennial report, added resources were made available during the past few years and a real impulse was added to the geomagnetic work in the US by the launching of the MAGSAT Satellite. This new effort paid off in terms of...
Calculation of amorphous silica solubilities at 25° to 300°C and apparent cation hydration numbers in aqueous salt solutions using the concept of effective density of water
Robert O. Fournier, Marshall L. Williams
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 587-596
The solubility of amorphous silica in aqueous salt solutions at 25° to 300°C can be calculated using information on its solubility in pure water and a model in which the activity of water in the salt solution is defined to equal the effective density. pe, of “free” water in that solution....
Development of reaction models for ground-water systems
Niel Plummer, D.L. Parkhurst, D.C. Thorstenson
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 665-685
Methods are described for developing geochemical reaction models from the observed chemical compositions of ground water along a hydrologic flow path. The roles of thermodynamic speciation programs, mass balance calculations, and reaction-path simulations in developing and testing reaction models are contrasted. Electron transfer is included in the mass balance equations...
INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS.
Jeffrey L. Goldberg, Thomas C. Miller
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
Computer generation and placement of map type has been refined into a production mode at Mid-Continent Mapping Center (MCMC) for USGS 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale Provisional maps. The map collar program is written in FORTRAN using batch processing that allows the program to work in the background....
Snow and ice in a changing hydrological world
M. F. Meier
1983, Hydrological Sciences Journal (28) 3-22
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, the 100th and 50th anniversaries of the First and Second International Polar Years, and the 25th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, it seems appropriate to re-examine the world's water balance and the role of snow...
Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel
Kenneth E. Bencala, Alan P. Jackman, Vance C. Kennedy, Ronald J. Avanzino, Gary W. Zellweger
1983, Water Resources Research (19) 725-731
A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during...
Influence of the Onion Creek salt diapir on the late Cenozoic history of Fisher Valley, southeastern Utah
Steven M. Colman
1983, Geology (11) 240-243
More than 140 m of upper Cenozoic basin-fill sediments were deposited and then deformed in Fisher Valley between about 2.5 and 0.25 m.y. ago, in response to uplift of the adjacent Onion Creek salt diapir. In addition to these basin-fill sediments, minor amounts of eolian and fluvial sand were deposited...
Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range
J. E. Costa
1983, Geological Society of America Bulletin (94) 986-1004
Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29...
Benefits to trout growers from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research: an overview of recent advances
K. Wolf
1983, Salmonid (6) 6-10, 21
Nd and Sr isotopic studies on cenozoic mafic lavas from West Antarctica: Another source for continental alkali basalts
K. Futa, W.E. Le Masurier
1983, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (83) 38-44
The Nd and Sr isotopic ratios on a suite of continental alkali basalts from Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, define a change in the source over the range of K/Ar dates between 1 and 28 m.y. ago. The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios (0.7026 to 0.7031) are unusually low for continental alkali...
Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)
R. M. Forester
1983, Geology (11) 435-438
Nonmarine ostracode species are indicative of the physical and chemical nature of lacustrine environments. Although salinity has traditionally been regarded as one of the more important parameters that affect the occurrence patterns of lacustrine ostracodes, examination of the solute composition and salinities of...
Sorption of radium-226 from oil-production brine by sediments and soils
E. R. Landa, D.F. Reid
1983, Environmental Geology (5) 1-8
The sorption of226Ra from oil-production brine by soils and sediments was investigated. Sorption was rapid, and the percentage sorbed increased with brine dilution. Greatest removals of226Ra from sediments in the laboratory occurred with alkaline DTPA, HCl, and BaCl2, with lesser removals using CaCl2 and NaCl solutions. Digestion of sediments with...
Strangways Crater, Northern Territory, Australia: Siderophile element enrichment and lithophile element fractionation
J. W. Morgan, G.A. Wandless
1983, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (88) A819-A829
The Strangways Crater, Northern Territory, Australia (15°12′S, 133°35′E), has a central core, about 10 km in diameter, of shocked granitic gneiss and amphibolite, and some remnants of a melt rock sheet, surrounded by outer rings of quartzite and siltstone to a diameter of 20–25 km. Seven samples of melt rock...
Harding Iceland spar: A new δ18O−δ13C carbonate standard for hydrothermal minerals
G. P. Landis
1983, Chemical Geology (41) 91-94
An isotopically homogeneous calcite, Harding Iceland Spar (HIS), having 6180 = +11.78 ± 0.07‰ (= +22.15‰ for CO2) and δ13C = −4.80 ± 0.02‰, has been prepared in quantities suitable for use as a working standard in mass spectrometric analysis. The isotopic values are well-suited for analysis of minerals of hydrothermal...
Hafnium isotope results from mid-ocean ridges and Kerguelen.
P. J. Patchett
1983, LITHOS (16) 47-51
176Hf/177Hf ratios are presented for oceanic volcanic rocks representing both extremes of the range of mantle Hf-Nd-Sr isotopic variation. Hf from critical mid-ocean ridge basalts shows that 176Hf/177Hf does indeed have a greater variability than 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr in the depleted mantle. This extra variation is essentially of a random...
Calculation of a velocity distribution from particle trajectory end-points.
Lowell A. Rasmussen
1983, Journal of Glaciology (29) 203-214
The longitudinal component of the velocity of a particle at or near a glacier surface is considered, its position as a function of time being termed its trajectory. Functional relationships are derived for obtaining the trajectory from the spatial distribution of velocity and for obtaining the velocity...
