NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.
Frederick L. Paillet, C.H. Cheng, J.A. Meredith
1987, Log Analyst (28) 307-320
Existing techniques for the quantitative interpretation of waveform data have been based on one of two fundamental approaches: (1) simultaneous identification of compressional and shear velocities; and (2) least-squares minimization of the difference between experimental waveforms and synthetic seismograms. Techniques based on the first approach do not always work, and...
Molecular orbital (SCF-Xα-SW) theory of metal-metal charge transfer processes in minerals - II. Application to Fe2+ --> Ti4+ charge transfer transitions in oxides and silicates
David M. Sherman
1987, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (14) 364-367
A molecular orbital description, based on Xα-Scattered wave calculations on a (FeTiO10)14− cluster, is given for Fe2+ → Ti4+ charge transfer transitions in minerals. The calculated energy for the lowest Fe2+ → Ti4+ metal-metal charge transfer transition is 18040 cm−1 in reasonable agreement with energies observed in the optical spectra of Fe-Ti oxides and silicates. As...
Critical behavior of dilute NaCl in H2O
Kenneth S. Pitzer, James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1987, Chemical Physics Letters (134) 60-63
The compositions of the saturated vapor and liquid phases are measured for the system NaCl-H2O at 380°C, which is close to the critical point of pure water. The shape of the phase equilibrium curve is classical, which confirms a conclusion reached earlier on the basis of less accurate data. This...
Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data
R. D. Jackson, M. S. Moran, L. W. Gay, L.H. Raymond
1987, Irrigation Science (8) 81-90
Airborne measurements of reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation were combined with ground-based measurements of incoming solar radiation, air temperature, windspeed, and vapor pressure to calculate instantaneous evaporation (LE) rates using a form of the Penman equation. Estimates of evaporation over cotton, wheat, and alfalfa fields were obtained on 5...
SEA-ICE INFLUENCE ON ARCTIC COASTAL RETREAT.
Erk Reimnitz, P. W. Barnes
1987, Conference Paper
Recent studies document the effectiveness of sea ice in reshaping the seafloor of the inner shelf into sharp-relief features, including ice gouges with jagged flanking ridges, ice-wallow relief, and 2- to 6-m-deep strudel-scour craters. These ice-related relief forms are in disequilibrium with classic open-water hydraulic processes and thus are smoothed...
PHYSICAL MODELING OF CONTRACTED FLOW.
Jonathan K. Lee
1987, Conference Paper
Experiments on steady flow over uniform grass roughness through centered single-opening contractions were conducted in the Flood Plain Simulation Facility at the U. S. Geological Survey's Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center near Bay St. Louis, Miss. The experimental series was designed to provide data for calibrating and verifying two-dimensional, vertically averaged...
Determination of the occurrence of gold in an unoxidized Carlin-type ore sample using synchrotron radiation
J.R. Chen, E. C. T. Chao, J.A. Minkin, J.M. Back, W.C. Bagby, M.L. Rivers, S.R. Sutton, B.M. Gordon, A.L. Hanson, K.W. Jones
1987, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (22) 394-400
The occurrence of the so-called invisible gold in two unoxidized Carlin-type gold samples from Nevada has been determined using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analysis at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. A bedded sample from the East ore zone of the Carlin deposit and a breccia sample from...
The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary
N.S. Simon, M.M. Kennedy
1987, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (25) 11-26
The distribution of dissolved ammonium, adsorbed ammonium and residual, organic and total nitrogen was measured in Potomac River tidal, transition zone and lower estuary sediments to a depth of 66 cm. For these sediments, exchangeable ammonium, and thereby adsorbed ammonium concentrations, were determined directly using an ammonia electrode in alkaline...
Status of glacial Lake Columbia during the last floods from glacial Lake Missoula
B.F. Atwater
1987, Quaternary Research (27) 182-201
The last floods from glacial Lake Missoula, Montana, probably ran into glacial Lake Columbia, in northeastern Washington. In or near Lake Columbia's Sanpoil arm, Lake Missoula floods dating from late in the Fraser glaciation produced normally graded silt beds that become thinner upsection and which alternate with intervals of progressively...
Analysis of time series of glacier speed: Columbia Glacier, Alaska
R. A. Walters, W. W. Dunlap
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (92) 8969-8975
During the summers of 1984 and 1985, laser measurements were made of the distance from a reference location to markers on the surface of the lower reach of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. The data have numerous gaps, mostly because of inclement weather. The laser measurements were corrected for variations in atmospheric...
Fate and movement of azaarenes and their anaerobic biotransformation products in an aquifer contaminated by wood-treatment chemicals
W. E. Pereira, C.E. Rostad, D.M. Updegraff, J.L. Bennett
1987, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (6) 163-176
Infiltration of wastes containing creosote and pentachlorophenol from surface impoundments at an abandoned wood-treatment facility near Pensacola, Florida, resulted in contamination of the underlying sand and gravel aquifer. Pond sludges and sediments near the source were contaminated with 2- to 5-ring azaarenes having log Kow values of from 2.0 to...
Measurements of210Pb,137Cs, organic carbon and trace elements in sediments of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers
R.A. Cahill, A.D. Autrey
1987, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles (110) 197-205
Radiometric dating of sediment accumulations by137Cs and210Pb has been successfully initiated in the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Sedimentation rates measured at 13 locations range from 0.7 to 3.6 cm/y. Chemical analysis has been completed for up to 45 major and trace elements in core samples. The upper Illinois River contains...
Microprocessor-based data-acquisition system for a borehole radar
Jerry A. Bradley, David L. Wright
1987, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GE-25) 441-447
An efficient microprocessor-based system has been implemented that permits real-time acquisition, stacking, and digital recording of data generated by a borehole radar system. Although the system digitizes, stacks, and records independently of a computer, it is interfaced to a desktop computer for program control over system parameters such as sampling...
External effects of irrigators' pumping decisions, high plains aquifer
William M. Alley, John E. Schefter
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 1123-1130
The High Plains aquifer, which underlies about 174,000 square miles (1 square mile = 2.59 km2) in the Great Plains, is the principal source of water in one of the nation's major agricultural areas. This paper examines relationships between the scale of management areas and physical factors, resulting from the...
Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings
David V. Fitterman, Walter L. Anderson
1987, Geoexploration (24) 131-146
A general procedure for computing the effect of non-zero turn-off time on the transient electromagnetic response is presented which can be applied to forward and inverse calculation methods for any transmitter-receiver configuration. We consider in detail the case of a large transmitter loop which has a receiver coil located at...
Government Draw Bentonite Beds: a newly identified stratigraphic marker in the Virgin Creek Member of the Pierre Shale, central South Dakota ( USA).
T. C. Nichols Jr., A.F. Chleborad, D. S. Collins
1987, Mountain Geologist (24) 77-80
A grouping of four bentonite beds, herein named the Government Draw Bentonite Beds, is identified as a stratigraphic marker within the Virgin Creek Member of the Pierre Shale. The beds are found west of Pierre, South Dakota, over an area of at least 130 mi2 (210 km2) where no other...
Structural analysis of geochemical samples by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Role of paramagnetic material
A. M. Vassallo, M. A. Wilson, P. J. Collin, J. M. Oades, A. G. Waters, Ronald L. Malcolm
1987, Analytical Chemistry (59) 558-562
An examination of coals, coal tars, a fulvic acid, and soil fractions by solid-state 13C NMR spectrometry has demonstrated widely differing behavior regarding quantitative representation in the spectrum. Spin counting experiments on coal tars and the fulvic acid show that almost all the sample carbon is observed in both solution...
Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data
H.-R. Wenk, T. Takeshita, E. Bechler, B.G. Erskine, S. Matthies
1987, Journal of Structural Geology (9) 731-745
The pattern of lattice preferred orientation (texture) in deformed rocks is an expression of the strain path and the acting deformation mechanisms. A first indication about the strain path is given by the symmetry of pole figures: coaxial deformation produces orthorhombic pole figures, while non-coaxial deformation yields monoclinic or triclinic...
Age of tilted reefs, Hawaii
J.G. Moore, J.F. Campbell
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (92) 2641-2646
Submerged carbonate reefs are preserved as a series of submarine terraces between Molokai and Hawaii along a 200-km span of the southeastern Hawaiian Ridge. Limestones from two of the terraces have been sampled from submersibles and dated radiometrically at 13 and 120 ka. Recognition that the terraces are tilted permits...
Design of a spatial data structure using the relational normal forms
Jan W. van Roessel
1987, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems (1) 33-50
In previous work, a relational data structure aimed at the exchange of spatial data between systems was developed. As this data structure was relational it was of first normal form, but compliance with the higher normal forms was not investigated. Recently, a new procedural method for composing fully normalized data...
Radiocarbon and cation-radio ages for rock varnish on Tioga and Tahoe marainal boulders of Pine Creek, eastern Sierra Nevada, California, and their paleoclimatic implications
R.I. Dorn, B. D. Turrin, A.J.T. Jull, T.W. Linick, D.J. Donahue
1987, Quaternary Research (28) 36-49
Accelerator mass spectrometry 14C analyses of organic matter extracted from rock varnishes on morainal boulders yield limiting minimum ages for three crests of the Tioga glaciation. At Pine Creek in the eastern Sierra Nevada, varnish started to form on boulders of the outermost Tioga moraine before 19,000 yr B.P., and...
Seafloor gas seeps triggered by a northern California earthquake
M.E. Field, A. E. Jennings
1987, Marine Geology (77) 39-51
A series of marine surveys using high-resolution seismic-reflection and side-scan sonar profiling was conducted on the Klamath River delta from 1977 to 1985. In November 1980, near the middle of this 8-year time period, a major earthquake (magnitude 7) occurred in...
Depth-averaging effects on hydraulic head for media with stochastic hydraulic conductivity
R.L. Naff, A. V. Vecchia
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 561-570
Hydraulic conductivity of a porous medium frequently is considered to be a single realization of a three-dimensional spatial stochastic process. The most common observations of flow in porous media are hydraulic-head measurements obtained from wells which are screened over extensive sections of the medium. These measurements represent, approximately, a one-dimensional...
Archean inheritance in zircon from late Paleozoic granites from the Avalon zone of southeastern New England: An African connection
R. E. Zartman, Hermes O. Don
1987, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (82) 305-315
In southeastern New England the Narragansett Pier Granite locally intrudes Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks of the Narragansett basin, and yields a monazite UPb Permian emplacement age of 273 ± 2Ma. Zircon from the Narragansett Pier Granite contains a...
USE OF TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN HYDROGRAPH ESTIMATION.
M.R. Karlinger, D.P. Guertin, B.M. Troutman
1987, Water Resources Bulletin (23) 271-279
Discharge hydrographs computed from the theory of linear flow through topologically random channel networks are compared to actual discharge hydrographs for basins in semiarid regions of central Wyoming. The basins drained by the channel networks range in the size from 0. 69 to 10. 8 square miles. Topological information consisting...
