Sample design for estimating change in land use and land cover ( Pennsylvania).
G.H. Rosenfield
1982, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (48) 793-801
The methodology of sample design which is applied to estimating change in land use and land cover is general and extendable to determination of change in any type of thematic mapping that is time variant. Land-use maps of the State of Pennsylvania at a scale of 1:250,000 were compiled circa...
Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite
K. Watson
1982, Geophysics (47) 1681-1687
A new experimental satellite has provided, for the first time, thermal data that should be useful in reconnaissance geologic exploration. Thermal inertia, a property of geologic materials, can be mapped from these data by applying an algorithm that has been developed using a new thermal model. A simple registration procedure...
Comparison of techniques for estimating annual lake evaporation using climatological data
M.E. Andersen, H.E. Jobson
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 630-636
Mean annual evaporation estimates were determined for 30 lakes by use of a numerical model (Morton, 1979) and by use of an evaporation map prepared by the U.S. Weather Service (Kohler et al., 1959). These estimates were compared to the reported value of evaporation determined from measurements on each lake....
Siderite concretions: indicators of early diagenesis in the Gammon shale (Cretaceous).
D. L. Gautier
1982, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (52) 859-871
The Gammon member of the Pierre shale of the northern Great Plains, USA, contains abundant siderite concretions. The relative depth and time of siderite precipitation can be inferred from the structure, mineralogy and isotopic composition of these concretions. Concretions that formed at shallow depths, early in the history of the...
Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
H. Sakai, T. J. Casadevall, J.G. Moore
1982, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (46) 729-738
Eighteen basalts and some volcanic gases from the submarine and subaerial parts of Kilauea volcano were analyzed for the concentration and isotope ratios of sulfur. By means of a newly developed technique, sulfide and sulfate sulfur in the basalts were separately but simultaneously determined. The submarine basalt has 700 ±...
Optimal dynamic management of groundwater pollutant sources
Steven M. Gorelick, Irwin Remson
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 71-76
The linear programing-superposition method is presented for managing multiple sources of groundwater pollution over time. The method uses any linear solute transport simulation model to generate a unit source-concentration response matrix that is incorporated into a management model. This series of constraints indicates local solute concentration histories that will result...
The UThPb age of equilibrated L chondrites and a solution to the excess radiogenic Pb problem in chondrites
D.M. Unruh
1982, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (58) 75-94
U, Th, and Pb analyses of whole-rock and troilite separates from seven L chondrites suggest that the excess radiogenic Pb relative to U and the large variations in PbPb model ages commonly observed in chondritic meteorites are largely due to terrestrial Pb contamination induced prior to...
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal
Patrick G. Hatcher, Irving A. Breger, Nikolaus Szeverenyi, G.E. Maciel
1982, Organic Geochemistry (4) 9-18
Coalified logs ranging in age from Late Pennsylvania to Miocene and in rank from lignite B to bituminous coal were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing the cross-polarization, magic-angle spinning technique, as well as by infrared spectroscopy. The results of this study indicate that at least three major...
A rapid method for concentrating sedimentary organic matter for vitrinite reflectance analysis
C.E. Barker
1982, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (52) 663-664
The tecnique discussed in this paper utilizes crushing, high-speed blending, and ultrasonic treatment to mechanically disaggregate rock and release the sedimentary organic matter (OM) in a suitable heavy liquid. This new method can provide freeze-dried concentrated OM in approximately 8 to 24 hours (longer time is necessary for removing carbonate)....
Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory
Richard L. Cooley
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 965-976
Prior information on the parameters of a groundwater flow model can be used to improve parameter estimates obtained from nonlinear regression solution of a modeling problem. Two scales of prior information can be available: (1) prior information having known reliability (that is, bias and random error structure) and (2) prior...
Comparison of estimators of standard deviation for hydrologic time series
Gary D. Tasker, Edward J. Gilroy
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 1503-1508
Unbiasing factors as a function of serial correlation, ρ, and sample size, n for the sample standard deviation of a lag one autoregressive model were generated by random number simulation. Monte Carlo experiments were used to compare the performance of several alternative methods for estimating the standard deviation σ of a lag one...
Portable precision dc voltage-current transfer standard for electrometer calibration
G. Landis, M. Godwin
1982, Review of Scientific Instruments (53) 1290-1291
A circuit design is presented for an instrument providing a highly stable and fully adjustable voltage and current in the range of 0-1.999 V or 0-199.9 mV and 10-11-10-15 A. This instrument is used to verify the calibration and performance of dc and vibrating reed electrometers and chart recorders on...
Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. Part I: Differential thermal analysis of the NaCl-KCl liquidas at 1 atmosphere and 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 bars
I.-M. Chou
1982, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (46) 1957-1962
A simple differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique has been developed to study phase relations of various chemical systems at elevated pressures and temperatures. The DTA system has been calibrated against known melting temperatures in the system NaCl-KCl. Isobaric sections of the liquidus in the system NaCl-KCl have been determined at...
Organic geochemistry of core samples from an ultradeep hot well (300°C, 7 km)
Leigh C. Price
1982, Chemical Geology (37) 215-228
South Texas cores of Lower Cretaceous rocks from a depth of 6400.8 to 7544.6 m at present-day temperatures of 262–296°C have high concentrations of C15+ hydrocarbons. Bitumen coefficients range from 105 to 367 mg/g and C15+ extractable bitumen ranges from 500 to 2200 ppm. Some generation potential remains associated with the...
Differential compaction mechanism for earth fissures near Casa Grande, Arizona
R.C. Jachens, T.L. Holzer
1982, Geological Society of America Bulletin (93) 998-1012
Precise gravity measurements indicate that earth fissures or tension cracks caused by ground-water withdrawal within a 10-km2 area southeast of Casa Grande, Arizona, are associated with relief on the buried interface between the alluvial aquifer and underlying bedrock. All of the fissure zones; which...
Earthquakes of Loihi submarine volcano and the Hawaiian hot spot
F. W. Klein
1982, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (87) 7719-7726
Loihi is an active submarine volcano located 35 km south of the island of Hawaii and may eventually grow to be the next and southernmost island in the Hawaiian chain. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory recorded two major earthquake swarms located there in 1971–1972 and 1975 which were probably associated with...
Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles
M. H. Carr
1982, Icarus (50) 129-139
The polar regions of Mars preserve, in both their layering and their topography, a record of recent climate changes. Because of the coincidence of the growth of the northern seasonal cap with global dust storms, dust may be currently accumulating on...
Storage, migration, and eruption of magma at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1971-1972
W. A. Duffield, R.L. Christiansen, R. Y. Koyanagi, D. W. Peterson
1982, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (13) 273-307
The magmatic plumbing system of Kilauea Volcano consists of a broad region of magma generation in the upper mantle, a steeply inclined zone through which magma rises to an intravolcano reservoir located about 2 to 6 km beneath the summit of the volcano, and a network of conduits that carry...
Air pollution: Household soiling and consumer welfare losses
W.D. Watson, J.A. Jaksch
1982, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (9) 248-262
This paper uses demand and supply functions for cleanliness to estimate household benefits from reduced particulate matter soiling. A demand curve for household cleanliness is estimated, based upon the assumption that households prefer more cleanliness to less. Empirical coefficients, related to particulate pollution levels, for shifting the cleanliness supply curve,...
Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds
D. B. Smith, R. A. Zielinski, W.I. Rose Jr., B.J. Huebert
1982, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans (87) 4963-4972
In February and March of 1978, filter samplers mounted on an aircraft were used to collect the aerosol fraction of the eruption clouds from three active Guatemalan volcanoes (Fuego, Pacaya, and Santiaguito). The samples were collected on Teflon (Fluoropore) filters with a nominal pore diameter of 0.5μm. The mass of...
Earthquake location in island arcs
E.R. Engdahl, J. W. Dewey, K. Fujita
1982, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (30) 145-156
A comprehensive data set of selected teleseismic P-wave arrivals and local-network P- and S-wave arrivals from large earthquakes occurring at all depths within a small section of the central Aleutians is used to examine the general problem of earthquake location in island arcs. Reference hypocenters for this special data set...
Application of automated image analysis to coal petrography
E. C. T. Chao, J.A. Minkin, C.L. Thompson
1982, International Journal of Coal Geology (2) 113-150
The coal petrologist seeks to determine the petrographic characteristics of organic and inorganic coal constituents and their lateral and vertical variations within a single coal bed or different coal beds of a particular coal field. Definitive descriptions of coal characteristics and...
A note on the Goodman Jack
H.S. Swolfs, J.D. Kibler
1982, Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches (15) 57-66
A Note on the Goodman Jack. Reconnaissance experiments, performed to evaluate the practical utility of the hard-rock variety of the Goodman Jack 1, reveal that the Hustrulid-T* correction adequately reconciles the discrepancy between the measured and true deformation modulus of the rock mass in the range of 30 to50 gigapascals....
Genetic implications of minor-element and Sr-isotope geochemistry of alkaline rock complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado
T.J. Armbrustmacher, C. E. Hedge
1982, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (79) 424-435
Concentrations of Rb, Sr, and REE (rare earth elements), and Sr-isotopic ratios in rocks of the Cambrian alkaline complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Colorado, show that rocks formed as end-products of a variety of magmas generated from different source materials. The complexes generally contain a bimodal suite of cumulus...
The graphic cell method: a new look at digitizing geologic maps
J.T. Hanley
1982, Computers & Geosciences (8) 149-161
The graphic cell method is an alternative method of digitizing areal geologic information. It involves a discrete-point sampling scheme in which the computer establishes a matrix of cells over the map. Each cell and the whole cell is assigned the identity or value of the geologic information that is recognized...
