Movement and fate of detergents in groundwater: A field study
E.M. Thurman, L.B. Barber Jr., D. LeBlanc
1986, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (1) 143-161
The major cations, anions, and detergents in a plume of contaminated groundwater at Otis Air Base on Cape Cod (Mass., U.S.A.) have moved approximately 3.5 km down gradient from the disposal beds. We hypothesize that the detergents form two distinct plumes, which consist of alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS) detergents and...
Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal
J. S. Stuckless
1986, Chemical Geology (55) 215-225
Concentrations of U, Th and Pb, and the isotopic composition of Pb for whole-rock samples of granitoids show: (1) that open-system behavior is nearly universal in the surface and near-surface environment; and (2) that elemental mobility is possible to depths of several hundred meters. Several identified or at least postulated...
Thalenite from Arizona.
J. Fitzpatrick, A. Pabst
1986, American Mineralogist (71) 188-193
Thalenite occurs as a minor constituent of a single small pegmatite within an extensive area of granite a few miles S of Kingman, Arizona. Partly crystalline and partly metamict, this thalenite has composition Y3(Si3O10)(OH), with extensive substitution of Y by REE, especially Dy, Er and Yb. Upon heating, even at...
Some Techniques for Reducing Landslide Hazards
William J. Kockelman
1986, Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists (23) 29-52
Many techniques are available for reducing landslide hazards; 27 are described in this paper. Prerequisites for the successful use of these techniques are hazard information understandable to nongeologists and adequate communication of this information to those who will, or are required to, use it. It is concluded that certain factors...
Crater Lake, Oregon: A restricted basin with base-of-slope aprons of nonchannelized turbidites
C.H. Nelson, A.W. Meyer, D. Thor, M. Larsen
1986, Geology (14) 238-241
The basin floor of Crater Lake (10-km diameter, 600-m water depth) is covered by up to 75 m of sediment–gravity-flow deposits interbedded with mud. In the upper units (8 m (thick), sand and gravel layers with numerous wedging, strong seismic reflectors characterize the...
Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene dibromide from water
R. E. Rathbun, D.Y. Tal
1986, Environmental Science & Technology (20) 949-952
Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and water were determined in the laboratory as a function of wind speed and temperature. The ratio of the coefficients was independent of wind speed and increased slightly with temperature. Use of this ratio with an environmentally determined gas-film coefficient for...
Optical reflection from planetary surfaces as an operator-eigenvalue problem
R.L. Wildey
1986, Earth, Moon and Planets (36) 103-116
The understanding of quantum mechanical phenomena has come to rely heavily on theory framed in terms of operators and their eigenvalue equations. This paper investigates the utility of that technique as related to the reciprocity principle in diffuse reflection. The reciprocity operator is shown to be unitary and Hermitian; hence,...
Manganese biogeochemistry in a small Adirondack forested lake watershed
James B. Shanley
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 1647-1656
In September and October 1981, manganese (Mn) concentrations and pH were intensively monitored in a small forested lake watershed in the west-central Adirondack Mountains, New York, during two large acidic storms (each ∼5 cm rainfall, pH 4.61 and 4.15). The data were evaluated to identify biogeochemical pathways of Mn and to assess...
The evolving Alaska mapping program.
P. D. Brooks, T. J. O’Brien
1986, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (52) 769-777
This paper describes the development of mapping in Alaska, the current status of the National Mapping Program, and future plans for expanding and improving the mapping coverage. Research projects with Landsat Multispectral Scanner and Return Vidicon imagery and real- and synthetic-aperture radar; image mapping programs; digital mapping; remote sensing projects;...
Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington
S. Y. Johnson, R.A. Zimmerman, C. W. Naeser, J. T. Whetten
1986, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (23) 1318-1330
The San Juan Islands of Washington State form a geologically complex province located between the north Cascades, Vancouver Island, and the Olympic Peninsula. We have obtained 53 fission-track dates from the San Juan Islands province that help constrain its late Paleozoic to early Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary history and its...
ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT AND DRIFT, MODELED AS A VISCOUS FLUID.
Chi-Hai Ling, Claire L. Parkinson
1986, Ocean science and engineering (11) 71-98
A dynamic/thermodynamic numerical model of sea ice has been used to calculate the yearly cycle of sea ice thicknesses, concentrations, and velocities in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. The model combines the formulations of two previous models, taking the thermodynamics and momentum equations from the model of Parkinson and...
FASP, an analytic resource appraisal program for petroleum play analysis
R. A. Crovelli, R.H. Balay
1986, Computers & Geosciences (12) 423-475
An analytic probabilistic methodology for resource appraisal of undiscovered oil and gas resources in play analysis is presented in a FORTRAN program termed FASP. This play-analysis methodology is a geostochastic system for petroleum resource appraisal in explored as well as frontier areas. An established geologic model considers both the uncertainty...
Determination of the dissolved anion composition of ancient lakes from fossil ostracodes
R. M. Forester
1986, Geology (14) 796-798
The mineralogy of evaporite and other precipitated minerals, together with geochemical studies, has provided traditional sources of information about the major dissolved ion composition (solutes) of ancient lakes. The paleocompositional resolving power of these methods is generally greatest in high-salinity lakes that precipitate...
ON NONSTATIONARY STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR EARTHQUAKES.
Erdal Safak, David M. Boore
1986, Conference Paper
A seismological stochastic model for earthquake ground-motion description is presented. Seismological models are based on the physical properties of the source and the medium and have significant advantages over the widely used empirical models. The model discussed here provides a convenient form for estimating structural response by using random vibration...
Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters
R.F. Dill, E.A. Shinn, A.T. Jones, K. Kelly, R.P. Steinen
1986, Nature (324) 55-58
We report here the discovery of giant lithified subtidal columnar stromatolites (>2 m high) growing in 7-8 m of clear oceanic water in current-swept channels between the Exuma Islands on the eastern Bahama Bank. They grow by trapping ooid and pelletal carbonate sand and synsedimentary precipitation of carbonate cement within...
Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales-II: Soxhlet extraction.
L.C. Price, T. Ging, A. Love, D. Anders
1986, Journal of Petroleum Geology (9) 313-342
We report on Soxhlet extraction (and subsequent related analyses) of 39 Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and analyses of 28 oils from the Basin. Because of the influence of primary petroleum migration, no increase in the relative or absolute concentrations of...
FEATURE OF THE 3 MARCH 1985 CHILE EARTHQUAKE - POSSIBLE TERRAIN AMPLIFICATION.
M. Çelebi
1986, Conference Paper
This paper presents results of site-response experiments performed five months after the M//s equals 7. 8 Central Chile Earthquake of 3 March 1985. The objectives of the experiments performed are to identify amplification due to topography and geology. Topographical amplification at Canal Beagle, a subdivision of Vina del Mar, was...
MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT AQUIFER SYSTEM IN MISSISSIPPI: GEOHYDROLOGIC DATA COMPILATION FOR FLOW MODEL SIMULATION.
J. K. Arthur, R.E. Taylor
1986, Water Resources Bulletin (22) 1021-1029
As part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer System Analysis (GC RASA) study, data from 184 geophysical well logs were used to define the geohydrologic framework of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi for flow model simulation. Five major aquifers of Eocene and Paleocene age were defined within this...
Effects of the 1906 Earthquake on the Bald Hill Outlet System, San Mateo County, California
Earl H. Pampeyan
1986, Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists (23) 197-208
Following the earthquake of April 18, 1906, it was discovered that a brick forebay and other parts of the reservoir outlet system were in the slip zone of the San Andreas fault. The original outlet through which water was directed to San Francisco consisted of two tunnels joined at the...
Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho
K. L. Pierce, Steven M. Colman
1986, Geological Society of America Bulletin (97) 869-885
Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate.If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope...
AIRBORNE INERTIAL SURVEYING USING LASER TRACKING AND PROFILING TECHNIQUES.
Edward J. Cyran
Menzies Robert T., editor(s)
1986, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The U. S. Geological Survey through a contract with the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory has developed the Aerial Profiling of Terrain System. This is an airborne inertial surveying system designed to use a laser tracker to provide position and velocity updates, and a laser profiler to measure terrain elevations. The...
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM.
Robert M. Hirsch
1986, Conference Paper, Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)
The US Geological Survey started, in a pilot phase, a program to provide nationally consistent information on the status and trends in the quality of the nation's fresh water. The program also intends to identify and describe the relationships between both the status and trends in water quality as they...
Effect of discharge on the chlorophyll a distribution in the tidally-influenced Potomac River
J. P. Bennett, J.W. Woodward, D.J. Shultz
1986, Estuaries (9) 250-260
In the tidal Potomac River, high river discharges during the spring are associated with high chlorophylla concentrations in the following in the following summer, assuming that summertime light and temperature conditions are favorable. Spring floods deliver large loads of particulate N and P to the tidal river. This particulate N and...
Nd, O and Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of Precambrian rocks, southern Black Hills, South Dakota
R.J. Walker, G. N. Hanson, J. J. Papike, J. R. O’Neil
1986, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (50) 2833-2846
The Nd, O and Sr isotopic characteristics of Precambrian metasedimentary, metavolcanic and granitic rocks from the Black Hills of South Dakota are examined. Two late-Archean granites (2.5-2.6 Ga) have Tdm ages of 3.05 and 3.30 Ga, suggesting that at least one of the granites was derived through the melting of significantly...
New aromatic biomarkers and possible maturity indicators found in New Albany Shale extracts
I.-M. Chou, K.V. Wood
1986, Organic Geochemistry (9) 351-356
Aromatic hydrocarbons from benzene extracts of New Albany Shale were characterized. A biomarker that has a molecular weight of 546 and a structural configuration consistent with that of an alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbon (C40H66) was tentatively identified. It was found that the relative concentrations of the biomarker are indicative of differing levels...
