Determination of four arsenic species in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma - tandem mass spectrometry
Sarah Stetson, Caitlyn Margaret Lawrence, Susan Melissa Whitcomb, Christopher J. Kanagy
2021, MethodsX (8)
Robust and sensitive methods for monitoring inorganic and organic As species As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and monomethylarsonate (MMA) in environmental water are necessary to understand the toxicity and redox processes of As in a specific environment. The method is sufficiently sensitive and selective to ensure accurate and precise quantitation of...
Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed
Andrew H. Manning, Lyndsay B. Ball, Richard Wanty, Kenneth H. Williams
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
The depth of active groundwater circulation is a fundamental control on stream flows and chemistry in mountain watersheds, yet it remains challenging to characterize and is rarely well constrained. We collected hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, temperature, chemical, noble gas, and 3H/3He groundwater age data from discrete levels in two boreholes 46...
The Alaska convergent margin backstop splay fault zone, a potential large tsunami generator between the frontal prism and continental framework
Roland von Huene, John J. Miller, Anne Krabbenhoeft
2021, Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems (22)
The giant tsunami that swept the Pacific from Alaska to Antarctica in 1946 was generated along one of three Alaska Trench instrumentally recorded aftershock areas following great and giant earthquakes. Aftershock areas were investigated during the past decade with multibeam bathymetry, ocean bottom seismograph wide‐angle seismic, reprocessed legacy, and new...
Pervasive low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwest Pacific subduction zone: Implications for rheology and geodynamics
Guangjie Han, Juan Li, Guangrui Guo, Walter D. Mooney, Shun-Ichiro Karato, David A. Yuen
2021, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (554)
Regional triplication waveforms of five intermediate-depth events are modeled to simultaneously obtain the compressional (P) and shear (SH) wave velocity structure beneath northwestern Pacific subduction zone. Both the P- and SH-wave velocity models for three different sub-regions show a low-velocity layer (LVL) with a thickness of ∼55-80 km lying above the...
Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams
Ylva Sjoberg, Adam K. Janke, S Painter, E. Coonradt, Michael P. Carey, Jonathan A. O’Donnell, Joshua C. Koch
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
The presence of permafrost influences the flow paths of water through Arctic landscapes and thereby has the potential to impact stream discharge and thermal regimes. Observations from eleven headwater streams in Alaska showed that July water temperatures were higher in catchments with more near‐surface permafrost. We apply a fully coupled...
Seasonal periphyton response to low-level nutrient exposure in a least disturbed mountain stream, the Buffalo River, Arkansas
Billy Justus, Lucas Driver, David R. L. Burge
2021, Ecological Indicators (121)
Like most streams located in the Ozark Plateaus, the Buffalo River in Arkansas generally has excellent water quality. Water-quality conditions in Big Creek, however, a major tributary of the middle Buffalo River, have been less favorable than that of other Buffalo...
Machine learning predictions of pH in the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern USA
Paul E. Stackelberg, Kenneth Belitz, Craig J. Brown, Melinda L. Erickson, Sarah M. Elliott, Leon J. Kauffman, Katherine Marie Ransom, James E. Reddy
2021, Groundwater (37) 531-543
A boosted regression tree model was developed to predict pH conditions in three dimensions throughout the glacial aquifer system of the contiguous United States using pH measurements in samples from 18,386 wells and predictor variables that represent aspects of the hydrogeologic setting. Model results indicate that the carbonate content of...
Characterizing strain between rigid crustal blocks in the southern Cascadia forearc: Quaternary faults and folds of the northern Sacramento Valley, California
Stephen J. Angster, Steven G. Wesnousky, Paula Figueiredo, Lewis A. Owen, Thomas Sawyer
2021, Geology (49) 387-391
Topographic profiles across late Quaternary surfaces in the northern Sacramento Valley (California, USA) show offset and progressive folding on series of active east- and northeast—trending faults and folds. Optically stimulated luminescence ages on deposits draping a warped late Pleistocene river terrace yielded differential incision rates along the Sacramento River and...
The impact of ventilation patterns on calcite dissolution rates within karst conduits
Matthew D. Covington, Katherine J. Knierim, Holly H Young, Josue Rodriguez, Hannah Gnoza
2021, Journal of Hydrology (593)
Erosion rates in streams vary dramatically over time, as differences in streamflow and sediment load enhance or inhibit erosion processes. Within cave streams, and other bedrock channels incising soluble rocks, changes in water chemistry are an important factor in determining how erosion rates will vary in both time and space....
Effect of temperature, nitrate concentration, pH and bicarbonate addition on biomass and lipid accumulation in the sporulating green alga PW95
Luisa Corredor, Elliott Barnhart, Albert E. Parker, Robin Gerlach, Matthew W. Fields
2021, Algal Research (53)
The mixed effects of temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C), nitrate concentration (0.5 mM and 2.0 mM), pH buffer, and bicarbonate addition (trigger) on biomass growth and lipid accumulation were investigated in the environmental alga PW95 during batch experiments in standardized growth medium. PW95...
Periodic dike intrusions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii
Emily K. Montgomery-Brown, Asta Mikijus
2021, Geology (49) 397-401
Forecasting heightened magmatic activity is key to assessing and mitigating global volcanic hazards, including eruptions from lateral rift zones at basaltic volcanoes. At Kı-lauea volcano, Hawai’i (United States), planar dikes intrude its east rift zone (ERZ) and repeatedly affect the same segments. Here we show...
Resource partitioning across a trophic gradient between a freshwater fish and an intraguild exotic
Richard Kraus, Joseph Schmitt, Kevin R. Keretz
2021, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (30) 320-333
The introduction of exotic species has the potential to cause resource competition with native species and may lead to competitive exclusion when resources are limiting. On the other hand, information is lacking to predict under what alternate trophic conditions coexistence may occur. Comparing diets of native yellow perch Perca flavescens and nonindigenous...
Examining the potential conflict between sea otter recovery and Dungeness crab fisheries in California
Andre M. Boustany, David Hernandez, Emily A Miller, Fujii. Jessica, Teri E. Nicholson, Joseph A. Tomoleoni, Kyle S. Van Houtan
2021, Biological Conservation (253)
Human exploitation of marine mammals led to precipitous declines in many wild populations within the last three centuries. Legal protections enacted throughout the 20th century have enabled the recovery of many of these species and some recoveries have resulted in conflict...
Measuring, modelling and projecting coastal land subsidence
Manoochehr Shirzaei, Jeffery T. Freymueller, Torbjörn E Törnqvist, Devin Galloway, Tina Dura, Philip S. J. Minderhoud
2021, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment (2) 40-58
Coastal subsidence contributes to relative sea-level rise and exacerbates flooding hazards, with the at-risk population expected to triple by 2070. Natural processes of vertical land motion, such as tectonics, glacial isostatic adjustment and sediment compaction, as well as anthropogenic processes, such as fluid extraction, lead to...
From forests to fish: Mercury in mountain lake food webs influenced by factors at multiple scales
Ariana M. Chiapella, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Angela L Strecker
2021, Limnology and Oceanography (66) 1021-1035
Mountain lakes, while seemingly pristine, have been subjected to historical fish stocking practices and exposure to atmospherically deposited contaminants like mercury. Mercury bioaccumulation in these ecosystems varies widely due to strong environmental gradients, and there are complex, hierarchical factors that affect mercury transport and loading, methylmercury production, and food web...
Effective hydrological events in an evolving mid‐latitude mountain river system following cataclysmic disturbance—A saga of multiple influences
Jon J. Major, Kurt R. Spicer, Adam R. Mosbrucker
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
Cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) in 1980 reset 30 km of upper North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) valley to a zero‐state fluvial condition. Consequently, a new channel system evolved. Initially, a range of streamflows eroded channels (tens of meters incision, hundreds of meters widening) and transported immense sediment...
Monitoring network changes during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption
Brian Shiro, Michael H. Zoeller, Kevan Kamibayashi, Ingrid A. Johanson, Carolyn Parcheta, Matthew R. Patrick, Patricia A. Nadeau, R. Lopaka Lee, Asta Miklius
2021, Seismological Research Letters (92) 102-118
In the summer of 2018, Kīlauea Volcano underwent one of its most significant eruptions in the past few hundred years. The volcano’s summit and East Rift Zone magma system partially drained, resulting in a series of occasionally explosive partial caldera collapses, and widespread lava flows in the lower East Rift...
Experimental challenge of a North American bat species, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), with SARS-CoV-2
Jeffrey S. Hall, Susan Knowles, Sean Nashold, Hon S. Ip, Ariel Elizabeth Leon, Tonie E. Rocke, Saskia Annatina Keller, Mariano Carossino, Udeni B.R. Balasuriya, Erik K. Hofmeister
2021, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (68) 3443-3452
The recently emerged novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, is phylogenetically related to bat coronaviruses (CoVs), specifically SARS‐related CoVs from the Eurasian bat family Rhinolophidae. As this human pandemic virus has spread across the world, the potential impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 on native North American bat populations are unknown, as is the ability of...
Evaluating management options to reduce Lake Erie algal blooms using an ensemble of watershed models
Jay F. Martin, Margaret M Kalcic, Noel Aloysis, Anna Apostel, Michael Brooker, Grey R. Evenson, Jeffrey B Kast, Haley Kujawa, Asmita Murumkar, Richard Becker, Chelsie Boles, Remegio Confesor, Awoke T Dagnew, Tian Guo, Colleen M Long, Rebecca Logsdon Muenich, Donald Scavia, Todd Redder, Dale M. Robertson, Yu-Chen Wang
2021, Journal of Environmental Management (280)
Reducing harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie, situated between the United States and Canada, requires implementing best management practices to decrease nutrient loading from upstream sources. Bi-national water quality targets have been set for total and dissolved phosphorus loads, with the ultimate goal of...
Temporal and spatial variations in river specific conductivity: Implications for understanding sources of river water and hydrograph separations
Ian Cartwright, Matthew P. Miller
2021, Journal of Hydrology (593)
Specific conductivity (SC) is commonly used to estimate the proportion of baseflow (i.e., waters from within catchments such as groundwater, interflow, or bank return flows) contributing to rivers. Reach-scale SC comparisons are also useful for identifying where multiple water stores contribute to baseflow. Daily SC values of adjacent gauges in...
Temporal invariance of social-ecological catchments
Mark A. Kaemingk, Christine N. Bender, Christopher J. Chizinski, Aaron J. Bunch, Kevin L. Pope
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Natural resources such as waterbodies, public parks, and wildlife refuges attract people from varying distances on the landscape, creating "social-ecological catchments." Catchments have provided great utility for understanding physical and social relationships within specific disciplines. Yet, catchments are rarely used across disciplines, such as its application to understand complex spatiotemporal...
Holocene paleoseismology of the Steamboat Mountain Site: Evidence for full‐Llngth rupture of the Teton Fault, Wyoming
Christopher DuRoss, Mark S. Zellman, Glenn D. Thackray, Richard W. Briggs, Ryan D. Gold, Shannon A. Mahan
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 439-465
The 72‐km‐long Teton fault in northwestern Wyoming is an ideal candidate for reconstructing the lateral extent of surface‐rupturing earthquakes and testing models of normal‐fault segmentation. To explore the history of earthquakes on the northern Teton fault, we hand‐excavated two trenches at the Steamboat Mountain site,...
Spatial capture–recapture with random thinning for unidentified encounters
Jose Jimenez, Ben Augustine, Daniel W. Linden, Richard B. Chandler, Andy Royle
2021, Ecology & Evolution (11) 1187-1198
Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have increasingly been used as a basis for combining capture–recapture data types with variable levels of individual identity information to estimate population density and other demographic parameters. Recent examples are the unmarked SCR (or spatial count model), where no individual identities are available and spatial...
Quantifying plant-soil-nutrient dynamics in rangelands: Fusion of UAV hyperspectral-LiDAR, UAV multispectral-photogrammetry, and ground-based LiDAR-digital photography in a shrub-encroached desert grassland
Joel B. Sankey, Temuulen T. Sankey, Junran Li, Sujith Ravi, Guan Wang, Joshua Caster, Alan Kasprak
2021, Remote Sensing of Environment (253)
Rangelands cover 70% of the world's land surface, and provide critical ecosystem services of primary production, soil carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. These ecosystem services are governed by very fine-scale spatial patterning of soil carbon, nutrients, and plant species at the centimeter-to-meter scales, a phenomenon known as “islands of fertility”....
Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink
Julie Loisel, A.V. Gallego-Sala, M.J. Amesbury, G. Magnan, G. Anshari, D. W. Beilman, J. Blewett, J. C. Benevides, P. Camill, D. J. Charman, S. Chawchai, A. Hedgpeth, T. Kleinen, A. Korhola, D. Large, J. Muller, C. A. Mansilla, S. van Bellen, J. B. West, Z. Yu, J. L. Bubier, M. Garneau, T. Moore, A. B. K. Sannel, M. Väliranta, S. Page, M. Bechtold, V. Brovkin, L. E. S. Cole, J. P. Chanton, T. R. Christensen, M. A. Davies, F. De Vleeschouwer, S.A. Finkelstein, S. Frolking, M. Galka, L. Gandois, N. Girkin, .L.I. Harris, A. Heinemeyer, A.M. Hoyt, Miriam C. Jones, F. Joos, S. Juutinen, K. Kaiser, M. Lamentowicz, T. Larmola, M. Leifeld, A. Lohila, A.M. Milner, Kari Minkkinen, P. Moss, B.D.A. Naafs, J. Nichols, J. O'Donnell, R. Payne, M. Philben, S. Pilo, A. Quillet, A.S. Ratnayake, T.P. Roland, S. Sjogersten, O. Sonnentag, G.T. Swindles, W. Swinnen, J. Talbott, C. C. Treat, A.C. Valach, J. Wu
2021, Nature Climate Change (11) 70-77
The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in...
