Water-quality data of stormwater runoff from Davenport, Iowa, 1992 and 1994
B.D. Schaap, R.F. Einhellig
1996, Open-File Report 95-759
The Water Quality Act of 1987 required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to regulate stormwater discharges under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program, and guidelines for obtaining permits under this program were established for areas served by municipal separate storm sewer systems with populations greater than 100,000 (U.S. Environmental...
Magmatic infiltration and melting in the lower crust and upper mantle beneath the Cima volcanic field, California
H. G. Wilshire, A. V. McGuire
1996, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (123) 358-374
Xenoliths of lower crustal and upper mantle rocks from the Cima volcanic field (CVF) commonly contain glass pockets, veins, and planar trains of glass and/or fluid inclusions in primary minerals. Glass pockets occupy spaces formerly occupied by primary minerals of the host rocks, but there is a general lack of...
Shallow ground-water quality beneath a major urban center: Denver, Colorado, USA
B. W. Bruce, P. B. McMahon
1996, Journal of Hydrology (186) 129-151
A survey of the chemical quality of ground water in the unconsolidated alluvial aquifer beneath a major urban center (Denver, Colorado, USA) was performed in 1993 with the objective of characterizing the quality of shallow ground-water in the urban area and relating water quality to land use. Thirty randomly selected...
Preliminary assessment of the occurrence and possible sources of MTBE in groundwater in the United States, 1993-1994
P. J. Squillace, J.S. Zogorski, W. G. Wilber, C. V. Price
1996, Environmental Science & Technology (30) 1721-1730
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require fuel oxygenates to be added to gasoline used in some metropolitan areas to reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon monoxide or ozone. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is the most commonly used fuel oxygenate and is a relatively new gasoline additive. Nevertheless, out of 60...
A glass spherule of questionable impact origin from the Apollo 15 landing site: Unique target mare basalt
G. Ryder, J.W. Delano, P.H. Warren, G.W. Kallemeyn, G. B. Dalrymple
1996, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (60) 693-710
A 6 mm-diameter dark spherule, 15434,28, from the regolith on the Apennine Front at the Apollo 15 landing site has a homogeneous glass interior with a 200 ??m-thick rind of devitrified or crystallized melt. The rind contains abundant small fragments of Apollo 15 olivine-normative mare basalt and rare volcanic Apollo...
Application of reflectance micro-Fourier Transform infrared analysis to the study of coal macerals: An example from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous coals of the Mist Mountain Formation, British Columbia, Canada
Maria Mastalerz, R.M. Bustin
1996, International Journal of Coal Geology (32) 55-67
The applicability of the reflectance micro-Fourier Transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) technique for analyzing the distribution of functional groups in coal macerals is discussed. High quality of spectra, comparable to those obtained using other FTIR techniques (KBr pellet and transmission micro-FTIR), indicate this technique can be applied to characterizing functional groups...
Genesis of the Silsilah tin deposit, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Robert J. Kamilli, R.E. Criss
1996, Economic Geology (91) 1414-1434
The Silsilah tin deposit (lat 25 degrees 06' N, long 42 degrees 40' E) consists of a group of pervasively greisenized, flat-topped granite cupolas within a 12-km-diam ring complex. The greisens contain varying amounts of disseminated cassiterite and wolframite. Several types of quartz veins are peripheral to the greisens; some...
Topic III - Infiltration and Drainage: A section in Joint US Geological Survey, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings (WRI 95-4015)
David E. Prudic, Glendon Gee
Peter R. Stevens, Thomas J. Nicholson, editor(s)
1996, Report, Joint US Geological Survey, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings (WRI 95-4015)
Infiltration into and drainage from facilities for the disposal of low-level radioactive wastes is considered the major process by which non-volatile contaminants are transported away from the facilities. The session included 10 papers related to the processes of infiltration and drainage, and to the simulation of flow and transport through...
Calculated volatilization rates of fuel oxygenate compounds and other gasoline-related compounds from rivers and streams
J. F. Pankow, R. E. Rathbun, J.S. Zogorski
1996, Chemosphere (33) 921-937
Large amounts of the 'fuel-oxygenate' compound methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) are currently being used in gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide and ozone in urban air and to boost fuel octane. Because MTBE can be transported to surface waters in various ways, established theory was used to calculate half-lives for MTBE volatilizing...
Volatile emissions from the crater and flank of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania
K.W. Koepenick, S.L. Brantley, J. M. Thompson, G.L. Rowe, A.A. Nyblade, C. Moshy
1996, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (101) 13819-13830
As a comparison to airborne infrared (IR) flux measurements, ground-based sampling of fumarole and soil gases was used to characterize the quiescent degassing of CO2 from Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. Aerial and ground-based measurements are in good agreement: ~75% of the aerially measured CO2 flux at Lengai (0.05-0.06 x 1012 mol...
Simple method for the measurement of the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity of anaerobic sludges
J.D. Coates, M.F. Coughlan, E. Colleran
1996, Journal of Microbiological Methods (26) 237-246
The specific hydrogenotrophic activity of anaerobic sludges is usually assayed by gas chromatographic analysis for methane in the headspace of sealed test vials. Gas is sampled with a pressure lock syringe which allows quantification independent of the pressure prevailing in the vials. An alternative method was developed using pressure transducer...
A field investigation of the relationship between zinc and acid volatile sulfide concentrations in freshwater sediments
Gerald T. Ankley, Karsten Liber, Daniel J. Call, Thomas P. Markee, Timothy J. Canfield, Christopher G. Ingersoll
1996, Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health (5) 255-264
Understanding relationships between cationic metals such as cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc, and amorphous iron sulfides, measured as acid volatile sulfide (AVS), is key to predicting metal bioavailability and toxicity insediments. The objective of the present study was to assess seasonal and spatial variations of AVS in freshwater sediments...
Detection and monitoring of H2O and CO2 ice clouds on Mars
J.F. Bell III, W. M. Calvin, M. E. Ockert-Bell, D. Crisp, James B. Pollack, J. Spencer
1996, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (101) 9227-9237
We have developed an observational scheme for the detection and discrimination of Mars atmospheric H2O and CO2 clouds using ground-based instruments in the near infrared. We report the results of our cloud detection and characterization study using Mars near IR images obtained during the 1990 and 1993 oppositions. We focused on...
Processes affecting the fate of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil
R.P. Eganhouse, T.F. Dorsey, C.S. Phinney, A.M. Westcott
1996, Environmental Science & Technology (30) 3304-3312
Crude oil spilled from a subsurface pipeline in north-central Minnesota has dissolved in the groundwater, resulting in the formation of a plume of aliphatic, aromatic, and alicyclic hydrocarbons. Comparison of paired oil and groundwater samples collected along the central axis of the residual oil body shows that the trailing edge...
Effect of surface area and chemisorbed oxygen on the SO2 adsorption capacity of activated char
A.A. Lizzio, J.A. DeBarr
1996, Fuel (75) 1515-1522
The objective of this study was to determine whether activated char produced from Illinois coal could be used effectively to remove sulfur dioxide from coal combustion flue gas. Chars were prepared from a high-volatile Illinois bituminous coal under a wide range of pyrolysis and activation conditions. A novel char preparation...
Degassing during magma ascent in the Mule Creek vent (USA)
M.V. Stasiuk, J. Barclay, M.R. Carroll, Claude Jaupart, J. C. Ratte, R. S. J. Sparks, S.R. Tait
1996, Bulletin of Volcanology (58) 117-130
The structures and textures of the rhyolite in the Mule Creek vent (New Mexico, USA) indicate mechanisms by which volatiles escape from silicic magma during eruption. The vent outcrop is a 300-m-high canyon wall comprising a section through the top of a feeder conduit, vent and the base of an...
Long-term geochemical surveillance of fumaroles at Showa-Shinzan dome, Usu volcano, Japan
R.B. Symonds, Y. Mizutani, Paul H. Briggs
1996, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (73) 177-211
This study investigates 31 years of fumarole gas and condensate (trace elements) data from Showa-Shinzan, a dacitic dome-cryptodome complex that formed during the 1943-1945 eruption of Usu volcano. Forty-two gas samples were collected from the highest-temperature fumarole, named A-1, from 1954 (800??C) to 1985 (336??C), and from lower-temperature vents. Condensates...
Mineralogy and petrology of cretaceous subsurface lamproite sills, southeastern Kansas, USA
R.L. Cullers, M. J. Dorais, P. Berendsen, Sambhudas Chaudhuri
1996, LITHOS (38) 185-206
Cores and cuttings of lamproite sills and host sedimentary country rocks in southeastern Kansas from up to 312 m depth were analyzed for major elements in whole rocks and minerals, certain trace elements in whole rocks (including the REE) and Sr isotopic composition of the whole rocks. The lamproites are...
Estimation of rates of aerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation by simulation of gas transport in the unsaturated zone
Matthew A. Lahvis, Arthur L. Baehr
1996, Water Resources Research (32) 2231-2249
The distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the unsaturated zone provides a geochemical signature of aerobic hydrocarbon degradation at petroleum product spill sites. The fluxes of these gases are proportional to the rate of aerobic biodegradation and are quantified by calibrating a mathematical transport model to the oxygen...
Depositional controls on coal distribution and quality in the Eocene Brunner Coal Measures, Buller Coalfield, South Island, New Zealand
R. M. Flores, R. Sykes
1996, International Journal of Coal Geology (29) 291-336
The Buller Coalfield on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand, contains the Eocene Brunner Coal Measures. The coal measures unconformably overlie Paleozoic-Cretaceous basement rocks and are conformably overlain by, and laterally interfinger with, the Eocene marine Kaiata Formation. This study examines the lithofacies frameworks of the coal...
A comparison of solids collected in sediment traps and automated water samplers
L.A. Bartsch, R.G. Rada, J.F. Sullivan
1996, Hydrobiologia (323) 61-66
Sediment traps are being used in some pollution monitoring programs in the USA to sample suspended solids for contaminant analyses. This monitoring approach assumes that the characteristics of solids obtained in sediment traps are the same as those collected in whole-water sampling devices. We tested this...
A geochemical study of macerals from a Miocene lignite and an Eocene bituminous coal, Indonesia
B.A. Stankiewicz, M.A. Kruge, Maria Mastalerz
1996, Organic Geochemistry (24) 531-545
Optical and chemical studies of maceral concentrates from a Miocene lignite and an Eocene high-volatile bituminous C coal from southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia were undertaken using pyro-Lysis, optical, electron microprobe and FTIR techniques Pyrolysis products of vitrinite from bituminous coal were dominated by straight-chain aliphatics and phenols. The huminite of the...
Scientific objectives of human exploration of Mars
M. H. Carr
1996, American Astronautical Society, Scientific Technology Series (86) 515-535
While human exploration of Mars is unlikely to be undertaken for science reasons alone, science will be the main beneficiary. A wide range of science problems can be addressed at Mars. The planet formed in a different part of the solar system from the Earth and retains clues concerning compositional...
Temporal and vertical distribution of total ammonia nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia nitrogen in sediment pore water from the upper Mississippi River
Bradley E. Frazier, Teresa J. Naimo, Mark B. Sandheinrich
1996, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (15) 92-99
We examined the temporal and vertical distribution of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and un-ionized ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in sediment pore water and compared the temporal patterns of TAN and NH3-N concentrations in overlying surface water with those in pore water. Pore water was obtained by core extraction and subsequent centrifugation....
Locating VOC contamination in a fractured-rock aquifer at the ground-water/surface-water interface using passive vapor collectors
D. A. Vroblesky, L.C. Rhodes, J. F. Robertson, J.A. Harrigan
1996, Groundwater (34) 223-230
Chlorinated organic solvents introduced to unlined lagoons at an industrial waste-water treatment plant in the Inner Piedmont of South Carolina resulted in ground-water contamination of a fractured-rock aquifer. Part of the ground-water contamination discharges to Little Rocky Creek, downgradient from the waste-water treatment plant. Passive...