Optimal stochastic control in natural resource management: Framework and examples
B. Kenneth Williams
1982, Ecological Modelling (16) 275-297
A framework is presented for the application of optimal control methods to natural resource problems. An expression of the optimal control problem appropriate for renewable natural resources is given and its application to Markovian systems is presented in some detail. Three general approaches are outlined for determining optimal...
Arthropod predators of leptodactylid frog foam nests
J. Villa, R.W. McDiarmid, J.M. Gallardo
1982, Brenesia (19/20) 577-589
Distribution and status of Vicia menziesii Spreng. (Leguminosae): Hawai'i's first officially listed endangered plant species
F. R. Warshauer, J.D. Jacobi
1982, Biological Conservation (23) 111-126
Vicia menziesii Spreng., Hawai'i's first officially listed endangered plant species, formerly occurred across a large area in the upper montane-mesic forest habitat on the windward side of the island of Hawai'i. Until this species was ‘rediscovered’ in 1974, it had last been seen in 1915, and it was presumed to...
Reduced mortality among young endangered masked bobwhite quail fed oxytetracycline-supplemented diets
John A. Serafin
1982, Avian Diseases (26) 422-425
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of oxytetracycline-supplemented diets on mortality of young endangered masked bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi). Inclusion of oxytetracycline at 200 g per ton in the feed for 6 weeks resulted in a marked, significant reduction in mortality of young masked bobwhite quail raised...
Oviposition and the plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone, and corticosterone in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) fed parathion
Barnett A. Rattner, L. Sileo, C.G. Scanes
1982, Journal of Reproduction and Fertility (66) 147-155
Bobwhite quail were fed concentrations of parathion (0,50, 100, 200 or 400 p.p.m.) for 10 days. Food intake, body weight change, brain acetylcholinesterase activity, egg production, and ovary weight were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In a second experiment, birds were fed 0, 25 or 100 p.p.m. parathion...
Breeding habitat selection and home range of radio-marked black ducks (Anas rubripes) in Maine
J.K. Ringelman, J. R. Longcore, R.B. Owen Jr.
1982, Canadian Journal of Zoology (60) 241-248
Telemetry techniques were used to monitor the movements and habitat use of 13 female and 7 male black ducks (Anas rubripes) in an inland breeding region of south central Maine in 1977–1980. Black ducks preferred persistent emergent, broad-leaved deciduous forested, and broad-leaved deciduous scrub–shrub wetlands over unconsolidated organic bottom, needle-leaved...
The influence of diet composition upon growth and development of Sandhill Cranes
John A. Serafin
1982, Condor (84) 427-434
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of protein, metabolizable energy, and sulfur amino acid content of five diets upon growth and development of captive Florida Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) and Greater Sandhill Crane (G. c. tabida) chicks raised under controlled conditions. A high protein (32%) diet resulted...
Nest and brood attentiveness in female black ducks
J.K. Ringelman, J. R. Longcore, R.B. Owen Jr.
1982, Condor (84) 110-116
Incubation rhythms and brood attentiveness of radio-marked Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) were studied in southcentral Maine during 1977-1980. Recess duration and frequency differed between three females nesting near wetlands (x = 82 min, 2.3 recesses/day) and two nesting at upland sites(x = 183 min, I. I recesses/day), but...
Small mammal-heavy metal concentrations from mined and control sites
G. J. Smith, O.J. Rongstad
1982, Environmental Pollution (Series A) (28) 121-134
Total body concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury and arsenic were determined for Peromyscus maniculatus and Microtus pennsylvanicus from an active zinc-copper mine near Timmins, Ontario, Canada, and a proposed zinc-copper mine near Crandon, Wisconsin, USA. Metal concentrations were evaluated with respect to area, species, sex and...
Seasonal carcass composition and energy balance of female black ducks in Maine
K. J. Reinecke, T.L. Stone, Ray B. Owen
1982, Condor (84) 420-426
Female Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) collected in Maine during the summer, fall, and winter of 1974-1976 showed significant seasonal variation in body weight, nonfat dry weight, gizzard and pectoral muscle weight, and fat, moisture, and protein content. Variation of body weight within and among seasons was correlated more strongly...
Biology and conservation of the Bahama parrot
N.F.R. Snyder, W.B. King, C. B. Kepler
1982, Living Bird (19) 91-114
Recent changes in the North American distribution and abundance of wintering Atlantic brant
R.E. Kirby, H.H. Obrecht III
1982, Journal of Field Ornithology (53) 333-341
Social organization in a nesting population of eastern willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus)
M.A. Howe
1982, The Auk (99) 88-102
The breeding ecology of eastern Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) was studied over a 3-yr period in a salt marsh on the Atlantic coast of Virginia. During the study, 171 adults were color-marked. Willets are strictly monogamous and show strong site and mate fidelity from year to year. Normally a pair bond...
Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species
D. Locke, M. Bush, J. W. Carpenter
1982, American Journal of Veterinary Research (43) 1807-1810
Tissue and plasma concentrations and the biological half-life of tylosin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. The species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus virginianus), pigeons (Columba livia), greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida), and emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). In the 1st...
Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds' eggs
D. J. Hoffman, W. C. Eastin Jr., M. L. Gay
1982, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (63) 230-241
Waste crankcase oil (WCO) is a major source of oil pollution in both the aquatic and terrestrial environment and has been implicated in the poisoning of mammals and fish. It is also mutagenic. Since birds' eggs are highly sensitive to external microliter applications of environmentally polluting oils, we examined the...
Sea turtle distribution along the boundary of the Gulf Stream current off eastern Florida
W. Hoffman, T. H. Fritts
1982, Herpetologica (38) 405-409
Aerial surveys, out to 222 km off the east coast of central Florida during August 1980, revealed that marine turtles were distributed in a narrow zone west of the Gulf Stream. Of 255 loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, only three were observed east of the western boundary of the Gulf...
Capturing birds with mist nets: A review
B.E. Keyes, C.E. Grue
1982, North American Bird Bander (7) 2-14
Herein we have tried to provide a comprehensive review of mist-netting techniques suitable for both novice and experienced netters. General mist-netting procedures and modifications developed by netters for particular bird species and habitats are included. Factors which influence capture success, including site selection, net specifications and placement, weather, and time...
Seasonal brain acetylcholinesterase activity in three species of shorebirds overwintering in Texas
C. A. Mitchell, Donald H. White
1982, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (29) 360-365
There was no seasonal variation in average brain AChE activity for the 3 species of wild birds collected between October and February. Further work needs to be done, however, covering an even broader time frame which includes the reproductive cycle. It appears that some birds feeding at the mouth of...
Shotshell and shooter effectiveness: Lead vs. steel shot for duck hunting
D.D. Humburg, S.L. Sheriff, P.H. Geissler, T. Roster
1982, Wildlife Society Bulletin (10) 121-126
Shooter and shotshell effectiveness were tested during the 1979 waterfowl season at the Schell-Osage Wildlife Management Area (WMA), Missouri. Hunters who participated in the study bagged 1,967 ducks with 10,587 shots. No significant differences in bagging, crippling, or missing rates were measured among 4 Winchester 12 gauge loads: #4 buffered...
Lead shot incidence in sediments and waterfowl gizzards from Merrymeeting Bay, Maine
J. R. Longcore, P.O. Corr, H.E. Spencer Jr.
1982, Wildlife Society Bulletin (10) 3-10
Lead shot in bottom sediments from Merrymeeting Bay, Maine, averaged 99,932 shot/ha. More shot (P < 0.05) was present in silt sediments than in sand sediments. Number 6 size shot was the most abundant in all 6 river deltas sampled. Ingested lead shot occurred in gizzards of...
Food habits of diving ducks in the Carolinas
Matthew C. Perry, F.M. Uhler
1982, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (36) 492-504
Food habits analyses were conducted on 264 diving ducks (7 species) from North and South Carolina during the 1970'S. The Baltic clam (Macoma balthica) was the predominant food among canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) from the Pamlico River area, whereas sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) predominated in birds from impoundments in North...
A rapid field techniques for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis
Patricia Mehlhop, A. L. Gardner
1982, Stain Technology (57) 99-101
This technique for chromosomal preparation of ant tissues for karyotypic analysis is advantageous under field conditions because it reduces processing time and can be used under humid conditions. The cerebral ganglia from prepupae or early pupae are incubated 20 minutes in a hypotonic citrate solution, minced in a fixative solution...
Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
O. H. Pattee, J. C. Franson
1982, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (18) 235-241
The Mexican Ixtoc oil well blowout resulted in extensive oil contamination along the Texas Gulf coast. This oil posed a potential hazard to migrating birds including the endangered peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Laboratory tests with the American kestrel (Falco sparverius) indicated that the oil: water mixture gathered at the surface...
Diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning in birds: Effects of environmental temperature and underfeeding on cholinesterase activity
Barnett A. Rattner
1982, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1) 329-335
Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been used extensively to monitor exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides in wild birds. A series of factorial experiments was conducted to assess the extent to which noncontaminant-related environmental conditions might affect brain ChE activity and thereby confound the diagnosis of OP and...
A field evaluation of frogs as a potential source of secondary organophosphorus insecticide poisoning
G.V.N. Powell, L.R. DeWeese, T. G. Lamont
1982, Canadian Journal of Zoology (60) 2233-2235
Because amphibians are relatively resistant to organophosphorus insecticides and can bioaccumulate residues to high levels, they may be a source of secondary poisoning for vertebrates that feed on them. This hypothesis was tested by determining residues in breeding upland chorus frogs Pseudacris triseriata, that were collected from ponds treated...
