River discharge controls phytoplankton dynamics in the northern San Francisco Bay estuary
J. E. Cloern, A.E. Alpine, B.E. Cole, R.L.J. Wong, J.F. Arthur, M.D. Ball
1983, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (16) 415-429
Phytoplankton dynamics in the upper reach of the northern San Francisco Bay estuary are usually characterized by low biomass dominated by microflagellates or freshwater diatoms in winter, and high biomass dominated by neritic diatoms in summer. During two successive years of very low river discharge (the drought of 1976-77), the...
Radiometric dating and the age of the earth: A reply to scientific creationism
G. B. Dalrymple
1983, Federation Proceedings (42) 3033-3038
[No abstract available]...
Paleohydrological methods and some examples from Swedish fluvial environments I. Cobble and boulder deposits
G. P. Williams
1983, Geografiska Annaler, Series A (65 A) 227-243
This article establishes approximate empirical relations for determining the minimum unit stream power, bed shear stress and mean flow velocity capable of moving cobbles and boulders on streambeds. The derived equations then are used to estimate the minimum paleoflows that could have transported the boulders of two ancient...
CONTRIBUTION OF LAND USE DATA TO THE INVESTIGATION OF TRENDS IN FLOODING IN THE TUG FORK BASIN OF KENTUCKY, VIRGINIA, AND WEST VIRGINIA.
Sarah E. Bowers, Arthur G. Scott
1983, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Mines and the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, is investigating effects of mining on flood frequency and magnitude within the basin. Changing land use, particularly the acceleration of surface mining, may cause or contribute to...
A strategy for mineral and energy resource independence
W. D. Carter
1983, Advances in Space Research (3) 223-236
Data acquired by Landsats 1, 2, and 3, are beginning to provide the information on which an improved mineral and energy resource exploration strategy can be based. Landsat 4 is expected to augment this capability with its higher resolution (30 m) and additional spectral bands in the Thematic Mapper (TM)...
Origin of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in stream sediments of Maine, U.S.A.
G.A. Nowlan, J. B. McHugh, T. D. Hessin
1983, Chemical Geology (38) 141-156
Studies of stream and sediment-pore waters largely explain the genesis of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in Maine. Waters of two small streams near Jackman, Maine, were studied in terms of pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved Mn, total dissolved Fe, and ferrous and ferric Fe. Pyrite Creek has profuse concretions...
A note on the chemistry of seawater in the range 350°-500°C
James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 139-144
The chemistry of seawater at conditions of 350° to 500°C, 220 to 1000 bars (22 to 100 MPa) is controlled by reactions involving magnesium hydroxide sulfate (MHSH) and anhydrite. During progressive heating from 350° to 500°C at 1000 bars (100 MPa), MHSH with a <img class="imgLazyJSB inlineImage" title="" src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703783900984-si1.gif"...
Authigenic vivianite in Potomac River sediments: control by ferric oxy-hydroxides
P.P. Hearn, D.L. Parkhurst, E. Callender
1983, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (53) 165-177
Sand-size particles of vivianite (Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .8H 2 O) have been identified in surficial sediments of the tidal Potomac River near a major sewage treatment plant. Vivianite is concentrated in a surface layer of coarse-sand dredge spoil, which overlies much finer sediment. Although saturation indices indicate that...
Progressive changes in the morphology of fluvial terraces and scarps along the Rappahannock River, Virginia.
Steven M. Colman
1983, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (8) 201-212
Progressive geomorphic changes in the flight of fluvial terraces along the Rappahannock River, Virginia, provide a framework for analysing the effect of time on landforms. Indices of terrace preservation, especially drainage densities and area to perimeter ratios, show systematic changes with terrace age. Higher scarps tend to have steeper slopes...
Selective concentration of cesium in analcime during hydrothermal alteration, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
T. E. C. Keith, J. M. Thompson, R. E. Mays
1983, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (47) 795-804
Chemical and mineralogical studies of fresh and hydrothermally altered rhyolitic material in Upper and Lower Geyser Basins, Yellowstone National Park, show that all the altered rocks are enriched in Cs and that Cs is selectively concentrated in analcime. The Cs content of unaltered rhyolite lava flows, including those from which...
Carbonatite tuffs in the Laetolil Beds of Tanzania and the Kaiserstuhl in Germany
R. L. Hay, J. R. O’Neil
1983, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (82) 403-406
Carbonatite lava and tephra are now well known. The only modern eruptive carbonatites, from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania, are of alkali carbonatite, whereas all of the pre-modern examples are of calcite or dolomite. Chemical and stable isotope analyses were made of separate phases of Pliocene carbonatite tuffs of the Laetolil Beds...
Ground water for oil-shale development, Piceance Basin, Colorado
W.M. Alley
1983, Ground Water (21) 456-464
Vast deposits of oil shale are contained in the Piceance basin in northwestern Colorado. The basin may contain as much as 40 million acre-feet of stored water associated with these deposits, much of which may have to be drained for mining. Yet, most analyses of...
In situ capture gamma-ray analysis of coal in an oversize borehole
J.L. Mikesell, D.W. Dotson, F. E. Senftle, R.S. Zych, J. Koger, L. Goldman
1983, Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research (215) 561-566
In situ capture gamma-ray analysis in a coal seam using a high resolution gamma-ray spectrometer in a close-fitting borehole has been reported previously. In order to check the accuracy of the method under adverse conditions, similar measurements were made by means of a small-diameter sonde in an oversize borehole in...
Tectonic uplift of a middle Wisconsin marine platform near the Mendocino triple junction California
R. J. McLaughlin, K. R. Lajoie, D. H. Sorg, S.D. Morrison, J. A. Wolfe
1983, Geology (11) 35-39
An uplifted wave-cut marine platform eroded across bedrock of the Franciscan Complex at Point Delgada, northern California, is overlain by 0.5 to 5 m of wave-worked pea gravel, which is in turn directly overlain by fluvial gravel and silt deposited as alluvial fans....
Paleotemperature oscillations in the Middle and Late Miocene of the northeastern Pacific.
J.A. Barron, G. Keller
1983, Micropaleontology (29) 150-181
The paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic history has been studied in a N-S transect encompassing DSDP Site 173, the Newport Beach surface section, and DSDP Site 470, based on quantitative diatom and planktic foraminiferal analyses. Fourteen cold and 12 warm events that show close agreement with other microfossil studies as well as...
Definition of mineral resource potential
R. B. Taylor, T. A. Steven
1983, Economic Geology (78) 1268-1270
No abstract available....
Structure and petrology of the La Perouse gabbro intrusion, Fairweather Range, southeastern Alaska
R. A. Loney, G. R. Himmelberg
1983, Journal of Petrology (24) 377-423
The middle Tertiary La Perouse gabbro intrusion occurs in a Mesozoic metamorphic terrane (Chugach terrane) in the Fairweather Range, southeastern Alaska. The intrusion is 12 km wide and 27 km long, and has an exposed cumulate layering thickness of about 6000 m. The contact consists of biotite and hornblende...
Nitrate concentrations under irrigated agriculture
A. Zaporozec
1983, Environmental Geology (5) 35-38
In recent years, considerable interest has been expressed in the nitrate content of water supplies. The most notable toxic effect of nitrate is infant methemoglobinemia. The risk of this disease increases significantly at nitrate-nitrogen levels exceeding 10 mg/l. For this reason, this concentration has been established as a limit for...
Requirements for modeling trace metal partitioning in oxidized estuarine sediments
Samuel N. Luoma, J.A. Davis
1983, Marine Chemistry (12) 159-181
The fate of particulate-bound metals is of particular importance in estuaries because major biological energy flows involve consumption of detrital particles. The biological impact of particulate-bound metals is strongly influenced by the partitioning of metals among sediment components at the oxidized sediment-water interface. Adequate methods for directly measuring this partitioning...
Thermal areas on Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawaii
Thomas J. Casadevall, Richard W. Hazlett
1983, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (16) 173-188
Active thermal areas are concentrated in three areas on Mauna Loa and three areas on Kilauea. High-temperature fumaroles (115-362°C) on Mauna Loa are restricted to the summit caldera, whereas high-temperature fumaroles on Kilauea are found in the upper East Rift Zone (Mauna Ulu summit fumaroles, 562°C), middle East Rift Zone...
Reassessment of the rates at which oil from natural sources enters the marine environment
K.A. Kvenvolden, J.W. Harbaugh
1983, Marine Environmental Research (10) 223-243
Previous estimates of the world-wide input of oil to the marine environment by natural seeps ranged from 0??2 to 6??0 million (metric) tonnes per year with a 'best estimate' of 0??6 million tonnes per year. Based on considerations of the availability of oil for seepage from the world's known and...
On the reported optical activity of amino acids in the Murchison meteorite
J.L. Bada, J.R. Cronin, M.-S. Ho, K.A. Kvenvolden, J.G. Lawless, S.L. Miller, John Oro, S. Steinberg
1983, Nature (301) 494-496
In analyses of extracts from the Murchison meteorite (a carbonaceous chondrite), Engel and Nagy1 reported an excess of L-enantiomers for several protein amino acids but found that the non-protein amino acids were racemic. They suggested that the excess of L-isomers might have resulted from an asymmetric synthesis or decomposition. Their...
An examination of the southern California field test for the systematic accumulation of the optical refraction error in geodetic leveling
R. O. Castle, B.W. Brown Jr., T.D. Gilmore, R. K. Mark, R. C. Wilson
1983, Geophysical Research Letters (10) 1081-1084
Appraisals of the two levelings that formed the southern California field test for the accumulation of the atmospheric refraction error indicate that random error and systematic error unrelated to refraction competed with the systematic refraction error and severely complicate any analysis of the test results. If...
Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Cascade Range, U.S.A.
C. R. Bacon
1983, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (18) 57-115
New investigations of the geology of Crater Lake National Park necessitate a reinterpretation of the eruptive history of Mount Mazama and of the formation of Crater Lake caldera. Mount Mazama consisted of a glaciated complex of overlapping shields and stratovolcanoes, each of which was probably active for a comparatively short...
Dual extraction of R-mode and Q-mode factor solutions
D. Zhou, T. Chang, J.C. Davis
1983, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (15) 581-606
It is mathematically possible to extract both R-mode and Q-mode factors simultaneously (RQ-mode factor analysis)by invoking the Eckhart-Young theorem. The resulting factors will be expressed in measures determined by the form of the scalings that have been applied to the original data matrix. Unless the measures for both solutions are...
