Some constraints on levels of shear stress in the crust from observations and theory
Art McGarr
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 6231-6238
In situ stress determinations in North America, southern Africa, and Australia indicate that on the average the maximum shear stress increases linearly with depth to at least 5.1 km measured in soft rock, such as shale and sandstone, and to 3.7 km in hard rock, including granite and quartzite. Regression...
Mount St. Helens eruptive behavior during the past 1500 yr
R. Hoblitt, D. R. Crandell, D. R. Mullineaux
1980, Geology (8) 555-559
During the past 1,500 yr Mount St. Helens, Washington, has repeatedly erupted dacite domes, tephra, and pyroclastic flows as well as andesite lava flows and tephra. Two periods of activity prior to 1980, each many decades long, were both initiated by eruptions of...
Geochemical evolution of brines in the Salar of Uyuni, Bolivia.
S.L. Rettig, B.F. Jones, F. Risacher
1980, Chemical Geology (30) 57-79
Recent analyses of brines from the Salars of Uyuni and Coipasa have been compared with published data for Lakes Titicaca and Poopo to evaluate solute compositional trends in these remnants of two large Pleistocene lakes once connected by overflow from the N to the S of the Bolivian Altiplano. From...
Hydraulic fracturing in granite under geothermal conditions
P. Solberg, D. Lockner, J.D. Byerlee
1980, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts (17) 25-33
The experimental hydraulic fracturing of granite under geothermal conditions produces tensile fracture at rapid fluid injection rates and shear fracture at slow injection rates and elevated differential stress levels. A sudden burst of acoustic emission activity accompanies tensile fracture formation whereas the acoustic emission rate increases exponentially prior to shear...
Comment on 'A reinterpretation of the linear heat flow and heat production relationship for the exponential model of the heat production in the crust' by R.N. Singh & J.G. Negi.
A.H. Lachenbruch
1980, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (63) 791-795
In their recent paper, Singh & Negi, (This journal, 57, 741-744) contend that if thd slope of the empirical linear relation between heat flow and heat production is interpreted as the decay-length of an exponential depth-distribution of sources, a discrepancy rises, whereas if it is interpreted as the depth of...
The frontal method in hydrodynamics simulations
Roy A. Walters
1980, Computers and Fluids (8) 265-272
The frontal solution method has proven to be an effective means of solving the matrix equations resulting from the application of the finite element method to a variety of problems. In this study, several versions of the frontal method were compared in efficiency for several hydrodynamics problems. Three basic modifications...
Preparation and Presentation of Digital Maps in Raster Format
K. Edwards, R. M. Batson
1980, American Cartographer (7) 39-49
A set of algorithms has been developed at USGS Flagstaff for displaying digital map data in raster format. The set includes: FILLIN, which assigns a specified attribute code to units of a map which have been outlined on a digitizer and converted to raster format; FILBND, which removes the outlines;...
Geodetic measurement of horizontal deformation across the Rio Grande rift near Socorro, New Mexico
J.C. Savage, M. Lisowski, W.H. Prescott, A.R. Sanford
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 7215-7220
Trilateration surveys of a geodetic network across the Rio Grande rift near Socorro, New Mexico, in 1972, 1973, 1976, and 1979 have failed to detect any significant strain accumulation. The surveys place an upper bound (95% confidence limit) of 1 mm/a (a = years) on east-west spreading cross the rift...
Geochemical exploration for uranium in playas
D. L. Leach, K.P. Puchlik, R.K. Glanzman
1980, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (13) 251-283
Playas and closed-basin lakes represent unique geochemical environments for the entrapment and concentration of mobile chemical elements. For this reason, playas may be considered as potentially favorable areas for the accumulation of uranium. We investigated playa sediments to determine their value as possible sample media for determining the presence...
Epizootic of coccidiosis in free-flying lesser scaup (Aythya affinis)
R. M. Windingstad, M.E. McDonald, Louis N. Locke, S.M. Kerr, J.A. Sinn
1980, Avian Diseases (24) 1044-1049
A coccidiosis epizootic has occurred in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) at Bluestem Reservoir in eastern Nebraska during the spring in each of three recent years: 1976-1978. Losses peaked during the period from mid-March through April. As much as 29% of the peak population of scaup using the reservoir died. Necropsies...
Flood risks and the willingness to purchase flood insurance
M.R. Karlinger, E. D. Attanasi
1980, Water Resources Research (16) 617-622
Computer simulation experiments were conducted to determine the effects of alternative sources of uncertainty on the willingness to pay for flood insurance. Two alternative insurance protection schemes were investigated: coinsurance and fixed coverage. The question investigated here is to what extent does the insurance scheme influence how purchasers respond to...
Distribution of modern benthic foraminifers on the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf
C. Wylie Poag, H.J. Knebel, R. Todd
1980, Marine Micropaleontology (5) 43-69
We used samples from 21 stations within a 600 km2 area of the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf to assess the effects of a hydrodynamic environment on the distribution and redistribution of benthic foraminifers. These samples show that, although the predominant genera (Elphidium, Cibicides, and Saccammina) are the same as...
A quantitative analysis of naiad mollusks from the Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin dredge material site on the Mississippi River
M.E. Havlik, L. L. Marking
1980, Bulletin of American Malacological Union 30-34
The Prairie du Chien dredge material site contains about 100,000 cubic meters of material dredged from the East Channel of the Mississippi Riverin1976. Previous studies in that area suggested a rich molluscan fauna, but most studies were only qualitative or simply observations. Our study of this material was designed...
Speculations on processes responsible for mesoscale current lineations on the continental shelf, southern California
Herman A. Karl
1980, Marine Geology (34) M9-M18
A side-scan sonar survey of San Pedro shelf, California, reveals areas of mesoscale current lineations oriented approximately north-northeast in water depths of 20-25 m. Widths of sand ribbons range from 40 to 120 m and intervening erosional furrows, from 15 to 50 m. A conceptual model shows that the scale...
Distribution of Quaternary rhyolite domes of the Coso Range, California: implications for extent of the geothermal anomaly.
C. R. Bacon, W. A. Duffield
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research (85) 2425-2433
38 separate domes and flows of phenocryst-poor, high-silica rhyolite of similar major element chemical composition were erupted over the past 1My from vents arranged in a crudely S-shaped array atop a granitic horst in the Coso Range, California. Most of the extrusions are probably less than about 0.3My old. The...
Mixing models and ionic geothermometers applied to warm (up to 60°C) springs: Jordan Rift Valley, Israel
E. Mazor, D. Levitte, A.H. Truesdell, J. Healy, A. Nissenbaum
1980, Journal of Hydrology (45) 1-19
Mixing models and evaluation of SiO2 contents of warm-water manifestations in the Jordan—Dead Sea Rift Valley indicate that these waters are fed by aquifers with estimated temperatures of up to 68°C. These calculations and Na/K ratios, concentrations of Na, K and Ca, concentrations of atmospheric Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe;...
Potential problems in the registration of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control agents
F. P. Meyer, R. A. Schnick
1980, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (37) 2093-2102
Abstract has not been submitted...
Littoral transport in the surf zone elucidated by an Eulerian sediment tracer
D.B. Duane, W.R. James
1980, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (50) 929-942
An Eulerian, or time integration, sand tracer experiment was designed and carried out in the surf zone near Pt. Mugu, California on April 19, 1972. Data indicate that conditions of stationarity and finite boundaries required for proper application of Eulerian tracer theory exist...
Implications of regional gravity for state of stress in the earth's crust and upper mantle
M. McNutt
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 6377-6396
Topography is maintained by stress differences within the earth. Depending on the distribution of the stress we classify the support as either local or regional compensation. In general, the stresses implied in a regional compensation scheme are an order of magnitude larger than those corresponding to local isostasy. Gravity anomalies,...
Role of physical barriers in the control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
J. B. Hunn, W.D. Youngs
1980, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (37) 2118-2122
Mechanical and electromechanical barriers played a significant role in the initial attempts to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the upper Great Lakes. More recently electromechanical weirs have been used to assess the relative abundance of spawning-run sea lampreys in Lake Superior. Development of an integrated control approach to...
Fungal diseases of fishes: Book 6
G.A. Neish, G.C. Hughes
S. F. Snieszko, H.R. Axelrod, editor(s)
1980, Book, Diseases of Fishes
No abstract available at this time...
Selected vertebrate endangered species of the sea coast of the United States - southern sea otter
R.J. Jameson, B. Csuiti
1980, Report
No abstract available at this time...
Antioxidants in compounded feeds
G. L. Rumsey
K.W. Chow, editor(s)
1980, Book chapter, Lectures presented at the FAO/UNDP training course in fish feed technology: Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme: College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
No abstract available at this time...
Tremors from earthquakes and blasting in the Powder River basin of Wyoming and Montana
C.H. Miller, F. W. Osterwald
1980, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (12) 212-219
Coal in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana (fig. 1) is greatly in demand. It can be economically mined from the surface, and the land is much easier to reclaim than land above underground mines that has been damaged by subsidence or by underground fires. Exploitation of the...
Earthquakes, July-August, 1979
W. J. Person
1980, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (12) 36-39
There was one major (magnitude 7.0-7.9) earthquake during this reporting period. The quake occurred on August 26 in the Philippine Islands. Strong or damaging earthquakes, which struck many parts of the world, caused casualties and damage; deaths were reported in China and Kashmir, and damaging earthquakes occurred in Costa Rica,...
