Investigation of diffusion in open-channel flows
Thomas N. Keefer, Raul S. McQuivey
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 501-509
This investigation examines the interrelation between turbulent diffusion, dispersion, and the statistical properties of turbulence in an open-channel flow. The results of the study substantiate Philip's concept relating the ratio of Eulerian to estimated Lagrangian time scales and the reciprocal of the longitudinal intensity of turbulence. The relation may be...
Generalization of stream travel rates and dispersion characteristics from time-of-travel measurements
Charles W. Boning
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 495-499
Prediction of travel rates of water in streams is important for pollution control and for warning systems where contaminant spillage is possible. A method of estimating traveltime and dispersion of solutes in streams where such data are not available is provided in this report. Generalized relations for travel rates...
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope study of the Darwin lead-silver-zinc deposit, Southern California
Robert O. Rye, Wayne E. Hall, H. Ohmoto
1974, Economic Geology (69) 468-481
The ores at Darwin occur as massive replacement bodies in silicated limestones of Pennsylvanian and Permian age adjacent to a Jurassic quartz monzonite stock. Three types of ore have a definite spatial relationship to the quartz monzonite: (1) pyrite-sphalerite-galena ores, (2) pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite-sphalerite-galena ores, and (3) galena-Ag-Bi-Se ores.The delta 34 S values of...
A sensitive and rapid method for the determination of trace amounts of selenium in geologic materials
George L. Crenshaw, Hubert William Lakin
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 483-487
A sensitive method for the determination of less than crustal abundance amounts of selenium has been developed that can be useful in the geochemical investigation of selenium. The sample is roasted with a flux of sodium carbonate, chloride, and chlorate and then digested in a mixture of nitric and phosphoric...
Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile IV. Brüggenite, Ca(IO3)2-H2O, a new saline mineral
George E. Ericksen, Mary E. Mrose, John Marinenko
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 471-478
Brüggenite, Ca(I0 3 )2 - H2 0, is found in veins of high-purity soda niter in rhyolite tuff at Pampa Pique III, Oficina Lautaro, Chile, as long columnar anhedral crystals, as prismatic crystals, and as irregular anhedral crystals or encrusting masses. The mineral is colorless to bright yellow, and transparent...
Birnessite (delta MnO2-3H2O) in a large spherulite in obsidian near Silver Cliff, Colorado
Fred A. Hildebrand
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 467-469
Birnessite and cryptomelane were identified in the montmorillonitic border zone of a large spherulite in obsidian north of Silver Cliff, Colo. The manganese minerals contain no silver and probably formed more recently than argentian cryptomelane which is abundant in the manganiferous silver ores of the surrounding volcanic rocks....
Equilibria of cinnabar, stibnite, and saturated solutions in the system HgS-Sb2S3-Na2S-H2O from 150° to 250°C at 100 bars, with implications concerning ore genesis
R. E. Learned, G. Tunell, F. W. Dickson
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 457-466
The common occurrence of cinnabar and stibnite in well-defined districts in the same epithermal environments suggests that similar physiochemical processes are responsible for the genesis of the two minerals; however, cinnabar and stibnite tend to be segregated within these districts and also within individual deposits that contain both minerals. Where...
Activity-product constants of aragonite at 90° and 51°C
R. M. Siebert, P. B. Hostetler, C. L. Christ
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 447-455
The activity-product constants of aragonite, KA=[Ca2+][CO32-] (where the brackets denote activities), were determined experimentally at 90°C and at 51°C. Results at 90°C were obtained from four separate dolomite dissolution runs, in which aragonite precipitated and came to equilibrium with the aqueous phase (from the direction of. supersaturation), and from two...
Energy dispersive spectrometry for quantitative mineralogical analyses: An ancillary system on an electron microphobe
George A. Desborough, Robert H. Heidel
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 441-446
Investigation of the Li-drifted Si-semiconductor X-ray detector for quantitative elemental analysis of some common rock-forming minerals shows that amounts of certain major elements having K spectra in the energy range of about 1.74 (Si) to 8.64 (Zn) kiloelectronvolts may be accurately determined, if spectral interferences are absent. Elements in major...
Seasonal variation of the upper digestive tract yeast flora of feral pigeons
R. M. Kocan, H.F. Hasenclever
1974, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (10) 263-266
Feral pigeons were sampled over a 16-month period to determine whether their normal yeast flora varied according to season. Candida albicans and Saccharomyces telluris occurred during the entire sampling period, with C. albicans reaching its highest levels between August and January and S. telluris peaking from March through May. Candida krusei was present for 10 months but exhibited no predictable...
Variation of P-wave velocity before the Bear Valley, California, earthquake of 24 February 1972
R. Robinson, R. L. Wesson, W.L. Ellsworth
1974, Science (184) 1281-1283
Residuals for P-wave traveltimes at a seismograph station near Bear Valley, California, for small, precisely located local earthquakes at distances of 20 to 70 kilometers show a sharp increase of nearly 0.3 second about 2 months before a magnitude 5.0 earthquake that occurred within a few kilometers of the station....
Organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs: Relation to reproductive success
L. J. Blus, B.S. Neely Jr., A. A. Belisle, R. M. Prouty
1974, Environmental Pollution (7) 81-91
This study was conducted to determine the influence of residues of organochlorine pollutants on reproductive success in the brown pelican. A sample egg was taken from each of 93 marked nests in the nesting colony in South Carolina. Periodic visits were made to...
Interaction of dieldrin and DDE residues in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
J. Larry Ludke
1974, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (11) 297-302
No abstract available. ...
Plasma enzyme activities in coturnix quail fed graded doses of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl, malathion, and mercuric chloride
M. P. Dieter
1974, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (27) 86-98
Male Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed diets for 12 weeks containing graded levels of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254), malathion, and mercuric chloride. Birds were bled prior to exposure and at 2, 4 and 12 weeks, and the plasma used to measure the activities of creatine kinase, aspartate...
Effects of low dietary levels of methyl mercury on mallard reproduction
G. Heinz
1974, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (11) 386-392
Mallard ducks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 0.5 ppm or 3 ppm mercury (as methylmercury dicyandiamide). Health of adults and reproductive success were studied. The dietary level of 3 ppm mercury had harmful effects on reproduction, although it did not appear to affect the health...
Estimating the “thickness” of the Boulder Batholith, Montana, from heat-flow and heat-productivity data
Robert I. Tilling
1974, Geology (2) 457-460
Estimates of minimum thickness of the Boulder batholith, computed using the linear relation between heat flow and heat productivity and assuming constant heat productivity with depth, are highly nonspecific. They can vary between about 3 and 20 km, depending on values of surface-rock heat productivity and values of assumed contribution...
Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years
U.S. Geological Survey
1974, Report
No abstract available....
The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems
Alfred H. Truesdell, Wendy Singers
1974, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (2) 271-278
The temperature and chemical conditions (pH, gas pressure, and ion activities) in a geothermal aquifer supplying a producing bore can be calculated from the enthalpy of the total fluid (liquid + vapor) produced and chemical analyses of water and steam separated and collected at known pressures. Alternatively, if a single...
The natural quality of ground water in Minnesota
T. C. Winter
1974, Bulletin 26
No abstract available....
Nature of the angular unconformity between the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the mesozoic metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California
C.A. Brook, Warren J. Nokleberg, Ronald W. Kistler
1974, GSA Bulletin (85) 571-576
Two major wall-rock sequences, the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the Mesozoic metavolcanic rocks, in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, are separated by an angular unconformity rather than by a fault as has been proposed by other investigators. The unconformity is parallel to formation contacts in the younger metavolcanic rocks and...
Meteoric water in magmas
I. Friedman, P. W. Lipman, J. D. Obradovich, J.D. Gleason, R.L. Christiansen
1974, Science (184) 1069-1072
Oxygen isotope analyses of sanidine phenocrysts from rhyolitic sequences in Nevada, Colorado, and the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field show that δ18O decreased in these magmas as a function of time. This decrease in δ18O may have been caused by isotopic exchange between the magma and groundwater low in 18O. For the...
Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States
J. P. Minard, W. J. Perry, Elaine G. A. Weed, E. C. Rhodehamel, E. I. Robbins, R. B. Mixon
1974, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (58) 1169-1178
The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a geologic and geophysical study of the northeastern United States outer continental shelf and the adjacent slope from Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras. The study also includes the adjacent coastal plain because it is a more accessible extension of the shelf. The total study...
An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints
Thomas Maddock III
1974, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin (19) 337-345
Budget or manpower constraints may force a reduction in data collection activities. However, information may be transferred from continued gauge sites to discontinued gauge sites provided there is ‘sufficient’ correlation between flow sequences. Information defined as the reciprocal of variance (of the parameter estimator for which the gauge has been...
Why not an extraterrestrial geography?
Richard J. Pike
1974, Professional Geographer (26) 258-261
No abstract available....
Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969
R. L. Cory
1974, Chesapeake Science (15) 78-83
From 1963 through 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey operated a water-quality monitor system in the upper-middle Patuxent estuary, near Benedict, Maryland. Over the period of record, a pronounced change occurred in the diel (24 hr.) oxygen measurement, particularly during the months of July, August, and September. Annual variations of dissolved...
