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A procedure has been devised for the fractionation of humic acid samples from different environments. This procedure involves fractionation of the sample by adsorption chromatography on a Sephadex G-50 column followed by chromatography on either a G-25 or a G-100 column. The fractions of the solutions are then examined by small angle X-ray scattering. Three...

Volcanic rocks in the vicinity of the massive sulfide deposits at the United Verde mine, Jerome, Ariz., have been modified in several periods of hydrothermal alteration and greenschist metamorphism. Chlorite, 2M, mica (sericite), and epidote are characteristic alteration products. Microprobe analyses for sericite, chlorite, and epidote are recalculated to structural formulas by the method employing oxygen...

The amount of water and sulfur in pumice erupted during periods of vigorous activity during the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption varied inversely with fountain height because of degassing during the fountaining. The pumice lost about 0.05 wt percent water and 0.003 wt percent sulfur during fountaining to heights of 400-540 m. Analyses suggest that the...

The sequence of mid-Cenozoic volcanic events in the western San Juan Mountains is closely analogous to that elsewhere in the San Juan volcanic field. The Lake Fork, Picayune, and San Juan Formations were erupted from a cluster of central volcanoes from 35 to 30 m.y. ago, when dominant activity shifted to more silicic ash-flow eruptions...

Six samples of group C eclogites from California and southwestern Oregon have initial Sr87/Sr86 ratios in the range of 0.7028 to 0.7051; Rb contents from less than 1 to 53.4 ppm; and Sr contents from 147 to 270 ppm. These data and major-element compositions suggest that the eclogites were derived from basalts older than but...

Uranium, thorium, and potassium contents were determined in 94 samples of drill cuttings from a 9,774-foot-deep exploratory hole drilled entirely in crystalline schists of the basement complex of the Yukon-Tanana Upland. The data indicate two distinctively different rock types and reflect differences in the calcite content of the rock. Zones of anomalously high concentrations of...

This study was done in response to the shellfish industry's concern that bacteria in effluent from the national wildlife refuges along the northeast coast of the United States may be adversely affecting the harvest of shellfish. A line graph shows inconsistent relationships between bird population at the Montezuma refuge and total coliform, fecal coliform, and...

A relationship is established between fluorescent spectra obtained by using a light path through the liquid solution and the fluorescent spectra obtained by a direct reading of surface reflection (remote sensing). A brief review of quantum fundamentals provides the necessary information to conclude that "see-through" and reflectance spectra are identical in wavelength response. Many floating...

Trachyscaphites pulcherrimus, described originally by Ferdinand Roemer in 1841 from fragments of nodose ammonites from Germany, is characterized by having five rows of tubercles on each flank of the phragmocone and three to five rows on each side of the body chamber. Weak midventral tubercles are present on some specimens. Ribbing is dense and usually...

An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of seven metal ions in the hydroxylamine extract of soils and sediments. Mn, Fe, and Zn are directly determined in the aqueous extract upon dilution. Co, Ni, Cu, and Pb in a separate aliquot of the extract are chelated with APDC (ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate)...

The generic names Archaeocycas and Phasmatocycas are introduced for two previously announced but unnamed new genera of Early Permian plants; these taxa are regarded as early stages in the cycadean lineage. The names arc formalized with diagnoses, illustrations, and type designations....

Fossil pollen was recovered at Tahoe City, Calif., from beneath a 1.9-m.y.-old volcanic flow. Pollen counts of four fossil samples are compared with soil-surface pollen samples from the Sierra Nevada. The presence of Picea (spruce) pollen in the fossil samples suggests that summer drought conditions in the central Sierra Nevada were less severe prior to...

Stevens Type F water-level recorders have been modified to measure changes in the distance between two points, with amplification of up to 10 times. Such recorders are capable of measuring strains of 10-5 and possibly 10-6 over 10-m distances when corrections are made for frictional effects and temperature. In two...

The 9 February 1971 earthquake in the San Fernando Valley damaged the Lower Van Norman Dam severely enough to warrant draining the reservoir. In March 1972 the sediment deposited on the reservoir floor was examined to determine whether the 1971 earthquake had induced sediment deformation and, if so, what types....

The behavior of 15 immature American woodcock (Philohela minor) was studied in central Maine during the summers of 1969 and 1970 using radiotelemetry. The monitored birds used a variety of nocturnal sites including old fields, bogs, powerlines, highway medians, woods roads, and fore clearings. Old fields were occupied more often...

The relationship between prairie grouse and land use was studied during the period 1964-71. Prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) declined from 48 males in 1964 to none in 1971. Sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioecetes phasianellus) declined from 166 males in 1964 to 57 in 1971. These declines were related to the decline in...

Karst regions of the world are characterized by limestones and other soluble rocks at or near land surface that have been modified by solutional erosion. Such surface features as sinks, long dry valleys, sparse streams, and bare rock and such subsurface features as caverns, arterial solution openings leading to large...

No abstract available....

The Symposium on the Design of Water Resources Projects with Inadequate Data drew 300 participants, representing more than 60 countries. The symposium was planned within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade and was convened by Unesco and WMO. Organization of the symposium was carried out by Unesco and the...

Chemical analyses of 167 typical specimens indicate that about 95 percent of the intrusive rocks of the central Sierra Nevada contain more than 79 percent normative Ab + An + Or + Qz. If the composition of the lower continental crust is similar to or slightly more felsic than andesite,...

No abstract available....

Stable isotope and chemical relations have been determined in a typical epithermal Au-Ag deposit located in the Bodie mining district of California. Analyses were made of altered host rocks, vein minerals, alteration clays, fluid inclusions, modern spring waters, and unaltered rocks of the area.The results indicate that a hydrothermal convection...

Reconstruction of events surrounding the deaths of a party of Hawaiian warriors in 1790 on Kilauea Volcano suggests that they were killed by a hot, relatively ash-free base surge. Recognition of structures attributable to base-surge deposition in deposits of the 1790 eruption is consistent with this reconstruction....

Review of the procedures used in determining fossil plant organs indicates that the many Cretaceous records of extant genera of “Amentiferae” based on leaves should be rejected as theoretically unreliable. Palynological data, in combination with some valid megafossil data, indicate that most recognizable members of “Amentiferae” are no older than...

Electron-microprobe analyses are presented for pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite from monzonite, granodiorite, and granite at Finnmarka, Norway. Compositional trends measured in biotite, present in all three rock types, and in amphibole, present in the monzonite and granodiorite, are markedly atypical and are interpreted as reflecting crystallization under progressively more...