Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada)
J. A. D’Angelo, E.L. Zodrow, Maria Mastalerz
2012, International Journal of Coal Geology (90-91) 149-155
Nearly all of the spectrochemical studies involving Carboniferous foliage of seed-ferns are based on a limited number of pinnules, mainly compressions. In contrast, in this paper we illustrate working with a larger pinnate segment, i.e., a 22-cm long neuropteroid specimen, compression-preserved with cuticle, the compression map. The objective is to study...
Mapping carbon flux uncertainty and selecting optimal locations for future flux towers in the Great Plains
Yingxin Gu, Daniel M. Howard, Bruce K. Wylie, Li Zhang
2012, Landscape Ecology (27) 319-326
Flux tower networks (e. g., AmeriFlux, Agriflux) provide continuous observations of ecosystem exchanges of carbon (e. g., net ecosystem exchange), water vapor (e. g., evapotranspiration), and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. The long-term time series of flux tower data are essential for studying and understanding terrestrial carbon cycles,...
Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction
Julie N. Richey, Richard Z. Poore, Benjamin P. Flower, David J. Hollander
2012, Marine Micropaleontology (82-83) 28-37
We evaluate the relationship between foraminiferal test size and shell geochemistry (δ13C, δ18O, and Mg/Ca) for two of the most commonly used planktonic foraminifers for paleoceanographic reconstruction in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: the pink and white varieties of Globigerinoides ruber. Geochemical analyses were performed on foraminifera from modern core-top samples...
A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data
N.M. Velpuri, Gabriel B. Senay, K.O. Asante
2012, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (16) 1-18
Lake Turkana is one of the largest desert lakes in the world and is characterized by high degrees of inter- and intra-annual fluctuations. The hydrology and water balance of this lake have not been well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable ground truth datasets. Managing surface...
A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure
Y.-S. Zhang, A.L. Collins, Arthur J. Horowitz
2012, Hydrological Processes (26) 326-334
Reliable information on catchment scale suspended sediment sources is required to inform the design of management strategies for helping abate the numerous environmental issues associated with enhanced sediment mobilization and off‐site loadings. Since sediment fingerprinting techniques avoid many of the logistical constraints associated with using more traditional indirect measurement methods...
Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska
Benjamin M. Jones, G. Grosse, Kenneth M. Hinkel, C.D. Arp, S. Walker, R.A. Beck, J. P. Galloway
2012, Geomorphology (138) 1-14
Pingos are circular to elongate ice-cored mounds that form by injection and freezing of pressurized water in near-surface permafrost. Here we use a digital surface model (DSM) derived from an airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) system to assess the distribution and morphometry of pingos within a 40,000 km2 area on the...
Why farmers adopt best management practice in the United States: A meta-analysis of the adoption literature
Adam Baumgart-Getz, Linda Stalker Prokopy, Kristin Floress
2012, Journal of Environmental Management (96) 17-25
This meta-analysis of both published and unpublished studies assesses factors believed to influence adoption of agricultural Best Management Practices in the United States. Using an established statistical technique to summarize the adoption literature in the United States, we identified the following variables as having the largest impact on adoption: access...
Rapid microsatellite identification from illumina paired-end genomic sequencing in two birds and a snake
T.A. Castoe, A.W. Poole, A. P. J. de Koning, K.L. Jones, D.F. Tomback, Sara J. Oyler-McCance, Jennifer A. Fike, S.L. Lance, J.W. Streicher, E.N. Smith, D.D. Pollock
2012, PLoS ONE (7)
Identification of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), can be a time-consuming and costly investment requiring enrichment, cloning, and sequencing of candidate loci. Recently, however, high throughput sequencing (with or without prior enrichment for specific SSR loci) has been utilized to identify SSR loci. The direct “Seq-to-SSR” approach has an...
Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30years of mark-recapture data
J.J. Rotella, William A. Link, T. Chambert, G.E. Stauffer, R.A. Garrott
2012, Journal of Animal Ecology (81) 162-173
1. Life‐history theory predicts that those vital rates that make larger contributions to population growth rate ought to be more strongly buffered against environmental variability than are those that are less important. Despite the importance of the theory for predicting demographic responses to changes in the environment, it is not yet...
Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate
C.A. Suarez, Luis A. Gonzalez, G.A. Ludvigson, R.L. Cifelli, E. Tremain
2012, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (313-314) 78-92
While the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate has successfully been used to address the effects of global climate change on the hydrologic cycle, detailed regional paleohydrologic studies are lacking. Since the hydrologic cycle can vary extensively on local or regional scales due to events such as such as...
Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur
N. Balci, B. Mayer, W. C. Pat Shanks III, K.W. Mandernack
2012, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (77) 335-351
Studies of metal sulfide oxidation in acid mine drainage (AMD) systems have primarily focused on pyrite oxidation, although acid soluble sulfides (e.g., ZnS) are predominantly responsible for the release of toxic metals. We conducted a series of biological and abiotic laboratory oxidation experiments with pure and Fe-bearing sphalerite (ZnS &...
The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California
L.A. Richardson, P.A. Champ, J.B. Loomis
2012, Journal of Forest Economics (18) 14-35
There is a growing concern that human health impacts from exposure to wildfire smoke are ignored in estimates of monetized damages from wildfires. Current research highlights the need for better data collection and analysis of these impacts. Using unique primary data, this paper quantifies the economic cost of health effects...
Using multitemporal remote sensing imagery and inundation measures to improve land change estimates in coastal wetlands
Y.C. Allen, B.R. Couvillion, J.A. Barras
2012, Estuaries and Coasts (35) 190-200
Remote sensing imagery can be an invaluable resource to quantify land change in coastal wetlands. Obtaining an accurate measure of land change can, however, be complicated by differences in fluvial and tidal inundation experienced when the imagery is captured. This study classified Landsat imagery from two wetland areas in coastal...
Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir
Ronald C. Antweiler, Howard E. Taylor, Charles N. Alpers
2012, Chemical Geology (298-299) 70-78
The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996–97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE)...
Slab1.0: A three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries
Gavin P. Hayes, David J. Wald, Rebecca L. Johnson
2012, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (117)
We describe and present a new model of global subduction zone geometries, called Slab1.0. An extension of previous efforts to constrain the two-dimensional non-planar geometry of subduction zones around the focus of large earthquakes, Slab1.0 describes the detailed, non-planar, three-dimensional geometry of approximately 85% of subduction zones worldwide. While the...
A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA
S.J. Brenkman, J.J. Duda, C.E. Torgersen, E. Welty, G.R. Pess, R. Peters, M.L. McHenry
2012, Fisheries Management and Ecology (19) 36-53
Dam removal has been increasingly proposed as a river restoration technique. In 2011, two large hydroelectric dams will be removed from Washington State’s Elwha River. Ten anadromous fish populations are expected to recolonise historical habitats after dam removal. A key to understanding watershed recolonisation is the collection of spatially continuous...
Geometry and subsidence history of the Dead Sea basin: A case for fluid-induced mid-crustal shear zone?
Uri S. ten Brink, C.H. Flores
2012, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (117)
Pull‐apart basins are narrow zones of crustal extension bounded by strike‐slip faults that can serve as analogs to the early stages of crustal rifting. We use seismic tomography, 2‐D ray tracing, gravity modeling, and subsidence analysis to study crustal extension of the Dead...
Geostatistical modeling of the gas emission zone and its in-place gas content for Pittsburgh-seam mines using sequential Gaussian simulation
Cevat O. Karacan, Ricardo A. Olea, G. Goodman
2012, International Journal of Coal Geology (90-91) 50-71
Determination of the size of the gas emission zone, the locations of gas sources within, and especially the amount of gas retained in those zones is one of the most important steps for designing a successful methane control strategy and an efficient ventilation system in...
Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk
D.R. MacNulty, D.W. Smith, L. David Mech, J.A. Vucetich, C. Packer
2012, Behavioral Ecology (23) 75-82
Despite the popular view that social predators live in groups because group hunting facilitates prey capture, the apparent tendency for hunting success to peak at small group sizes suggests that the formation of large groups is unrelated to prey capture. Few empirical studies, however, have tested for nonlinear relationships between...
Discovery and characterization of secretory IgD in rainbow trout: secretory IgD is produced through a novel splicing mechanism
F. Ramirez-Gomez, W. Greene, K. Rego, J.D. Hansen, G. Costa, P. Kataria, E.S. Bromage
2012, Journal of Immunology (188) 1341-1349
The gene encoding IgH δ has been found in all species of teleosts studied to date. However, catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the only species of fish in which a secretory form of IgD has been characterized, and it occurs through the use of a dedicated δ-secretory exon, which is absent...
The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California
A. F. White, M. S. Schulz, D.V. Vivit, T.D. Bullen, J. Fitzpatrick
2012, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (77) 62-85
Biotic/abiotic interactions between soil mineral nutrients and annual grassland vegetation are characterized for five soils in a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. A Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, controls the annual cycle of plant growth and litter decomposition, resulting in net above-ground productivities of...
The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin
Ji-Hoon Kim, Marta E. Torres, Brian A. Haley, Miriam Kastner, John W. Pohlman, Michael Riedel, Young-Joo Lee
2012, Chemical Geology (291) 152-165
Analytical challenges in obtaining high quality measurements of rare earth elements (REEs) from small pore fluid volumes have limited the application of REEs as deep fluid geochemical tracers. Using a recently developed analytical technique, we analyzed REEs from pore fluids collected from Sites U1325 and U1329, drilled on the northern...
Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals
B.J. Miller, H.J. Harlow, T.S. Harlow, D. Biggins, W. J. Ripple
2012, Canadian Journal of Zoology (90) 70-78
When large carnivores are extirpated from ecosystems that evolved with apex predators, these systems can change at the herbivore and plant trophic levels. Such changes across trophic levels are called cascading effects and they are very important to conservation. Studies on the effects of reintroduced wolves in Yellowstone National Park...
Semiochemical compounds of preen secretion reflect genetic make-up in a seabird species
S. Leclaire, T. Merkling, C. Raynaud, Herve Mulard, J.-M. Bessiere, E.M. Lhuillier, Scott A. Hatch, E. Danchin
2012, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (279) 1185-1193
Several vertebrates choose their mate according to genetic heterozygosity and relatedness, and use odour cues to assess their conspecifics' genetic make-up. In birds, although several species (including the black-legged kittiwake) exhibit non-random mating according to genetic traits, the cues used to assess genetic characteristics remain unknown. The importance of olfaction...
Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon
John E. Gray, Mark E. Hines, David P. Krabbenhoft, Bryn Thoms
2012, Applied Geochemistry (27) 106-114
Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was >1360t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg...
