Study design and sampling intensity for demographic analyses of bear populations
R.B. Harris, C.C. Schwartz, R.D. Mace, M.A. Haroldson
2011, Ursus (22) 24-36
The rate of population change through time (??) is a fundamental element of a wildlife population's conservation status, yet estimating it with acceptable precision for bears is difficult. For studies that follow known (usually marked) bears, ?? can be estimated during some defined time by applying either life-table or matrix...
Predicting carnivore occurrence with noninvasive surveys and occupancy modeling
Robert A. Long, Therese M. Donovan, Paula MacKay, William J. Zielinski, Jeffrey S. Buzas
2011, Landscape Ecology (26) 327-340
Terrestrial carnivores typically have large home ranges and exist at low population densities, thus presenting challenges to wildlife researchers. We employed multiple, noninvasive survey methods—scat detection dogs, remote cameras, and hair snares—to collect detection–nondetection data for elusive American black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (<i...
The secret to successful solute-transport modeling
Leonard F. Konikow
2011, Ground Water (49) 144-159
Modeling subsurface solute transport is difficult—more so than modeling heads and flows. The classical governing equation does not always adequately represent what we see at the field scale. In such cases, commonly used numerical models are solving the wrong equation. Also, the transport equation is hyperbolic where advection is dominant,...
Compositional diversity and geologic insights of the Aristarchus crater from Moon Mineralogy Mapper data
J.F. Mustard, C.M. Pieters, P.J. Isaacson, J.W. Head, S. Besse, R. N. Clark, R.L. Klima, N.E. Petro, M.I. Staid, J.M. Sunshine, C.J. Runyon, S. Tompkins
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116)
The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) acquired high spatial and spectral resolution data of the Aristarchus Plateau with 140 m/pixel in 85 spectral bands from 0.43 to 3.0 m. The data were collected as radiance and converted to reflectance using the observational constraints and a solar spectrum scaled to the Moon-Sun...
Circum-Arctic mapping project: New magnetic and gravity anomaly maps of the Arctic
C. Gaina, S.C. Werner, R. Saltus, S. Maus, S. Aaro, D. Damaske, R. Forsberg, V. Glebovsky, Kevin K. Johnson, J. Jonberger, T. Koren, J. Korhonen, T. Litvinova, G. Oakey, O. Olesen, O. Petrov, M. Pilkington, T. Rasmussen, B. Schreckenberger, M. Smelror
2011, Geological Society Memoir 39-48
New Circum-Arctic maps of magnetic and gravity anomalies have been produced by merging regional gridded data. Satellite magnetic and gravity data were used for quality control of the long wavelengths of the new compilations. The new Circum-Arctic digital compilations of magnetic, gravity and some of their derivatives have been analyzed...
Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment
Richard M. Iverson, Mark E. Reid, Matthew Logan, Richard G. Lahusen, Jonathan W. Godt, Julia P. Griswold
2011, Nature Geoscience (4) 116-121
Debris flows typically occur when intense rainfall or snowmelt triggers landslides or extensive erosion on steep, debris-mantled slopes. The flows can then grow dramatically in size and speed as they entrain material from their beds and banks, but the mechanism of this growth is unclear. Indeed, momentum conservation implies that...
Mapping the distribution of materials in hyperspectral data using the USGS Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA)
Raymond F. Kokaly, T. V. V. King, Todd M. Hoefen
2011, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
Identifying materials by measuring and analyzing their reflectance spectra has been an important method in analytical chemistry for decades. Airborne and space-based imaging spectrometers allow scientists to detect materials and map their distributions across the landscape. With new satellite-borne hyperspectral sensors planned for the future, for example, HYSPIRI (HYPerspectral InfraRed...
The application of prototype point processes for the summary and description of California wildfires
K. Nichols, F.P. Schoenberg, Jon E. Keeley, A. Bray, D. Diez
2011, Journal of Time Series Analysis (32) 420-429
A method for summarizing repeated realizations of a space‐time marked point process, known as prototyping, is discussed and applied to catalogues of wildfires in California. Prototype summaries are constructed for varying time intervals using California wildfire data from 1990 to 2006. Previous work on prototypes for temporal and space‐time point...
Evaluation of a black-footed ferret resource utilization function model
D.A. Eads, J.J. Millspaugh, Dean E. Biggins, D.S. Jachowski, T.M. Livieri
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 1155-1163
Resource utilization function (RUF) models permit evaluation of potential habitat for endangered species; ideally such models should be evaluated before use in management decision‐making. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of a previously developed black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) RUF. Using the population‐level RUF, generated from ferret observations at an adjacent yet...
Constraints on the long-period moment-dip tradeoff for the Tohoku earthquake
V.C. Tsai, Gavin P. Hayes, Z. Duputel
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Since the work of Kanamori and Given (1981), it has been recognized that shallow, pure dip‐slip earthquakes excite long‐period surface waves such that it is difficult to independently constrain the moment (M0) and the dip (δ) of the source mechanism, with only the product M0 sin(2δ) being well constrained. Because of this,...
Thorium abundances of basalt ponds in South Pole-Aitken basin: Insights into the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle
Justin Hagerty, D. J. Lawrence, B. R. Hawke
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116) 1-23
Imbrian-aged basalt ponds, located on the floor of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, are used to provide constraints on the composition and evolution of the far side lunar mantle. We use forward modeling of the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer thorium data, to suggest that at least five different and distinct...
Transient changes in shallow groundwater chemistry during the MSU ZERT CO2 injection experiment
J. A. Apps, Lingyun Zheng, N. Spycher, J.T. Birkholzer, Yousif K. Kharaka, James J. Thordsen, Evangelos Kakouros, R. Trautz
2011, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
Food-grade CO2 was injected into a shallow aquifer through a perforated pipe placed horizontally 1–2 m below the water table at the Montana State University Zero Emission Research and Technology (MSU-ZERT) field site at Bozeman, Montana. The possible impact of elevated CO2 levels on...
Evaluation of ground motion scaling methods for analysis of structural systems
A. P. O’Donnell, O.A. Beltsar, Y.C. Kurama, E. Kalkan, A.A. Taflanidis
2011, Conference Paper, Structures Congress 2011 - Proceedings of the 2011 Structures Congress
Ground motion selection and scaling comprises undoubtedly the most important component of any seismic risk assessment study that involves time-history analysis. Ironically, this is also the single parameter with the least guidance provided in current building codes, resulting in the use of mostly subjective choices in design. The relevant research...
Late Quaternary environmental change inferred from phytoliths and other soil-related proxies: Case studies from the central and southern Great Plains, USA
C.E. Cordova, W.C. Johnson, R.D. Mandel, M.W. Palmer
2011, Catena (85) 87-108
This study investigates stable carbon isotopes (δ13C), opal phytolith assemblages, burnt phytoliths, microscopic charcoal and Sporormiella spores from modern soils and paleosols in Kansas and Oklahoma. Grass and dicot phytoliths in combination with δ13C are used as proxies for reconstructing the structure of grasslands and woodlands. Burnt grass phytoliths and microscopic charcoal...
Experimental determination of the phase boundary between kornelite and pentahydrated ferric sulfate at 0.1MPa
W.G. Kong, A. Wang, I.-M. Chou
2011, Chemical Geology (284) 333-338
Recent findings of various ferric sulfates on Mars emphasize the importance of understanding the fundamental properties of ferric sulfates at temperatures relevant to that of Martian surface. In this study, the phase boundary between kornelite (Fe2(SO4)3.7H2O) and pentahydrated ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3.5H2O) was experimentally determined using the humidity-buffer technique together with...
Evaluating the effect of predators on white-tailed deer: Movement and diet of coyotes
M.M. Turner, A.P. Rockhill, C.S. Deperno, J.A. Jenks, R. W. Klaver, A.R. Jarding, T.W. Grovenburg, K. H. Pollock
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 905-912
Coyotes (Canis latrans) may affect adult and neonate white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) survival and have been implicated as a contributor to the decline of deer populations. Additionally, coyote diet composition is influenced by prey availability, season, and region. Because coyote movement and diet vary by region, local data are important...
Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire
Nathan Chelgren, M. J. Adams, Larissa L. Bailey, R. Bruce Bury
2011, Ecology (92) 408-421
Studies of the distribution of elusive forest wildlife have suffered from the confounding of true presence with the uncertainty of detection. Occupancy modeling, which incorporates probabilities of species detection conditional on presence, is an emerging approach for reducing observation bias. However, the current likelihood modeling framework is restrictive for handling...
Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four yucca moths
Christopher Irwin Smith, Shantel Tank, William Godsoe, Jim Levenick, Eva Strand, Todd C. Esque, Olle Pellmyr
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Comparative phylogeographic studies have had mixed success in identifying common phylogeographic patterns among co-distributed organisms. Whereas some have found broadly similar patterns across a diverse array of taxa, others have found that the histories of different species are more idiosyncratic than congruent. The variation in the results of comparative phylogeographic...
Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222
N. T. Dimova, W. C. Burnett
2011, Limnology and Oceanography (56) 486-494
In order to evaluate groundwater discharge into small lakes we constructed a model that is based on the budget of 222Rn (radon, t1/2=3.8 d) as a tracer. The main assumptions in our model are that the lake's waters are well‐mixed horizontally and vertically; the only significant 222Rn source is via groundwater discharge;...
Formulation of a correlated variables methodology for assessment of continuous gas resources with an application to the Woodford play, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma
Ricardo A. Olea, D.W. Houseknecht, C.P. Garrity, T. A. Cook
2011, Boletin Geologico y Minero (122) 483-496
Shale gas is a form of continuous unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation whose resource estimation is unfeasible through the inference of pore volume. Under these circumstances, the usual approach is to base the assessment on well productivity through estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). Unconventional resource assessments that consider uncertainty are typically done by...
Multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW of models with high shear-wave velocity contrast
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, S. Peterie, C. Zeng, J. Xia, T. Schwenk
2011, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (30) 1384-1390
We use the multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW method to analyze synthetic seismic data calculated using models with high shear-wave velocity Vs contrast. The MASW dispersion-curve images of the Rayleigh wave are obtained using various sets of source-offset and spread-size configurations from the synthetic seismic data and compared with...
Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates
C. McCarthy, R.F. Cooper, D.L. Goldsby, W.B. Durham, S. H. Kirby
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116)
Using uniaxial compression creep experiments, we characterized the transient and steady state deformation behaviors of eutectic aggregates of system ice I and MgSO4 11H2O (MS11; meridianiite), which has significance because of its likely presence on moons of the outer solar system. Synthetic samples of eutectic liquid bulk composition, which produce...
Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity
M. Novak, J.T. Wootton, D.F. Doak, M. Emmerson, J. A. Estes, M. T. Tinker
2011, Ecology (92) 836-846
How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from...
Nutrient loadings to streams of the Continental United States from municipal and industrial effluent
M.A. Maupin, T. Ivahnenko
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 950-964
Data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Permit Compliance System national database were used to calculate annual total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads to surface waters from municipal and industrial facilities in six major regions of the United States for 1992, 1997, and 2002. Concentration and effluent...
Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)
L.C. Cheek, C.M. Pieters, J.W. Boardman, R. N. Clark, J. #NAME? Combe, J.W. Head, P.J. Isaacson, T. B. McCord, D. Moriarty, J.W. Nettles, N.E. Petro, J.M. Sunshine, L.A. Taylor
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116)
Soils within the impact crater Goldschmidt have been identified as spectrally distinct from the local highland material. High spatial and spectral resolution data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) on the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter are used to examine the character of Goldschmidt crater in detail. Spectral parameters applied to a north...
