Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois
K. A. Oberg, J. A. Czuba, K. K. Johnson
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology
Recent studies of the Chicago River have determined that gravity currents are responsible for persistent bidirectional flows that have been observed in the river. A gravity current is the flow of one fluid within another caused by a density difference between the fluids. These studies demonstrated how acoustic Doppler current...
Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs
Michael R. Rosen, W.W. Lapham
2008, Conference Paper, Journal of Environmental Quality
Assessment of temporal trends in national ground-water quality networks are rarely published in scientific journals. This is partly due to the fact that long-term data from these types of networks are uncommon and because many national monitoring networks are not driven by hypotheses that can be easily incorporated into scientific...
Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns
C.C. Teague, D.E. Barrick, P.M. Lilleboe, Ralph T. Cheng, Paul Stumpner, Jon R. Burau
2008, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology
Two-dimensional river flow patterns have been measured using a pair of RiverSondes in two experiments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta system of central California during April and October 2007. An experiment was conducted at Walnut Grove, California in order to explore the use of dual RiverSondes to measure flow...
Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003
L. M. Bexfield
2008, Conference Paper, Journal of Environmental Quality
Pesticide data for ground water sampled across the United States between 1993-1995 and 2001-2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in detection frequency and concentration. The data analysis evaluated samples collected from a total of 362 wells located in 12 local well networks...
Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection
Michael A. Wulder, Stephanie M. Ortlepp, Joanne C. White, Susan Maxwell
2008, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (34) 93-99
Since July 2003, Landsat-7 ETM+ has been operating without the scan line corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite in the imagery acquired. Data collected in SLC-off mode have gaps in a systematic wedge-shaped pattern outside of the central 22 km swath of the imagery; however,...
Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas
Emil D. Attanasi, Philip A. Freeman
2008, Oil & Gas Journal (106)
The study area of US Geological Survey Circular 1288, the world outside the US and Canada, was partitioned into 44 countries and country groups. Map figures such as Fig. 2 and graphs similar to Figs. 3 and 4 provide a visual summary of maturity of oil and gas exploration. From...
Visualizing the ground motions of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
A. Chourasia, S. Cutchin, Brad T. Aagaard
2008, Computers & Geosciences (34) 0-0
With advances in computational capabilities and refinement of seismic wave-propagation models in the past decade large three-dimensional simulations of earthquake ground motion have become possible. The resulting datasets from these simulations are multivariate, temporal and multi-terabyte in size. Past visual representations of results from seismic studies have been largely confined...
Evaluation of a method for determining concentrations of isoeugenol, an AQUI-S residue, in fillet tissue from freshwater fish species.
J.R. Meinertz, Theresa M. Schreier, J.A. Bernardy
2008, Journal of AOAC International (91) 884-891
AQUI-S is a fish anesthetic/sedative that is approved for use in a number of countries throughout the world and has the potential for use in the United States. The active ingredient in AQUI-S is isoeugenol. A method for determining isoeugenol concentrations in edible fillet tissue is needed for regulatory purposes,...
Data management and digital delivery of analog data
W. A. Miller, Ryan Longhenry, T. Smith
2008, Conference Paper, International Astronautical Federation - 59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) data archive at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center is a comprehensive and impartial record of the Earth's changing land surface. USGS/EROS has been archiving and preserving land remote sensing data for over 35 years. This remote sensing archive continues to grow as...
Multiple plagioclase crystal populations identified by crystal size distribution and in situ chemical data: Implications for timescales of magma chamber processes associated with the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, CA
M.J. Salisbury, W.A. Bohrson, M.A. Clynne, F.C. Ramos, P. Hoskin
2008, Journal of Petrology (49) 1755-1780
Products of the 1915 Lassen Peak eruption reveal evidence for a magma recharge–magma mixing event that may have catalyzed the eruption and from which four compositional members were identified: light dacite, black dacite, andesitic inclusion, and dark andesite. Crystal size distribution, textural, and in situ chemical (major and trace element...
Quantifying multi-temporal urban development characteristics in Las Vegas from Landsat and ASTER data
G. Xian, M. Crane, C. McMahon
2008, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (74) 473-481
Urban development has expanded rapidly in Las Vegas, Nevada of the United States, over the last fifty years. A major environmental change associated with this urbanization trend is the transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly anthropogenic impervious surface. This research utilizes remote sensing data from both...
Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize
L. V. Benson, Howard E. Taylor, K.A. Peterson, B.D. Shattuck, C.A. Ramotnik, J.R. Stein
2008, Journal of Archaeological Science (35) 912-921
Strontium (Sr)-isotope values on bone from deer mice pairs from 12 field sites in the Chaco Canyon area, New Mexico, were compared with isotope values of synthetic soil waters from the same fields. The data indicate that mice obtain Sr from near-surface sources and that soil samples collected at depths...
Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry
H. H. Kieffer, K. F. Mullins, D. J. MacKinnon
2008, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (74) 289-301
An independent assessment of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument geometry was undertaken by the U.S. ASTER Team, to confirm the geometric correction parameters developed and applied to Level 1A (radiometrically and geometrically raw with correction parameters appended) ASTER data. The goal was to evaluate the...
Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement
John E. Strack, Roger A. Pielke Sr., Louis T. Steyaert, Robert G. Knox
2008, Water Resources Research (44) 1-13
Land cover changes alter the near surface weather and climate. Changes in land surface properties such as albedo, roughness length, stomatal resistance, and leaf area index alter the surface energy balance, leading to differences in near surface temperatures. This study utilized a newly developed land cover data set for the...
Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics (1975–2005) of the tsunami-affected region of Asia
S. Giri, Z. Zhu, L.L. Tieszen, A. Singh, S. Gillette, J.A. Kelmelis
2008, Journal of Biogeography (35) 519-528
Aim We aimed to estimate the present extent of tsunami-affected mangrove forests and determine the rates and causes of deforestation from 1975 to 2005.Location Our study region covers the tsunami-affected coastal areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka in Asia.Methods We interpreted time-series Landsat data...
Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA
S.J. Brenkman, G.R. Pess, C.E. Torgersen, K.K. Kloehn, J.J. Duda, S.C. Corbett
2008, Northwest Science (82) 91-106
The restoration of salmonids in the Elwha River following dam removal will cause interactions between anadromous and potamodromous forms as recolonization occurs in upstream and downstream directions. Anadromous salmonids are expected to recolonize historic habitats, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) isolated above the dams for...
Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington
K.K. Kloehn, T.J. Beechie, S.A. Morley, H.J. Coe, J.J. Duda
2008, Northwest Science (82) 224-235
The Elwha dam removal project presents an ideal opportunity to study how historic reduction and subsequent restoration of sediment supply alter river-floodplain dynamics in a large, forested river floodplain. We used remote sensing and onsite data collection to establish a historical record of floodplain dynamics and a baseline of current...
Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands
D. L. Helder, B. L. Markham, K. J. Thome, J. A. Barsi, G. Chander, R. Malla
2008, Conference Paper
The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to...
A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity
A.B. Prochaska, P.M. Santi, J.D. Higgins, S.H. Cannon
2008, Landslides (5) 431-444
Debris flow velocities are commonly back-calculated from superelevation events which require subjective estimates of radii of curvature of bends in the debris flow channel or predicted using flow equations that require the selection of appropriate rheological models and material property inputs. This research investigated difficulties associated with the use of...
Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes
A.B. Murray, M.A.F. Knaapen, M. Tal, M. L. Kirwan
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Plants and animals affect morphological evolution in many environments. The term "ecogeomorphology" describes studies that address such effects. In this opinion article we use the term "biomorphodynamics" to characterize a subset of ecogeomorphologic studies: those that investigate not only the effects of organisms on physical processes and morphology but also...
Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama
F.K. Barthold, R.F. Stallard, H. Elsenbeer
2008, Forest Ecology and Management (255) 1135-1148
Soils play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles as spatially distributed sources and sinks of nutrients. Any spatial patterns depend on soil forming processes, our understanding of which is still limited, especially in regards to tropical rainforests. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of landscape properties,...
Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters
S. D. Porter, D. K. Mueller, N.E. Spahr, M.D. Munn, N. M. Dubrovsky
2008, Freshwater Biology (53) 1036-1054
1. Algal-community metrics were calculated for periphyton samples collected from 976 streams and rivers by the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Programme during 1993–2001 to evaluate national and regional relations with water chemistry and to compare whether algal-metric values differ significantly among undeveloped and developed land-use classifications. 2. Algal...
Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA
R.A. Koski, L. Munk, A. L. Foster, Wayne C. Shanks III, L.L. Stillings
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 227-254
The oxidation of sulfide-rich rocks, mostly leftover debris from Cu mining in the early 20th century, is contributing to metal contamination of local coastal environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Analyses of sulfide, water, sediment, precipitate and biological samples from the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites show that acidic...
4D volcano gravimetry
Maurizio Battaglia, J. Gottsmann, D. Carbone, J. Fernandez
2008, Geophysics (73) WA3-WA18
Time-dependent gravimetric measurements can detect subsurface processes long before magma flow leads to earthquakes or other eruption precursors. The ability of gravity measurements to detect subsurface mass flow is greatly enhanced if gravity measurements are analyzed and modeled with ground-deformation data. Obtaining the maximum information from microgravity studies requires careful...
Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)
Wendy M. Calvin, Timothy N. Titus
2008, Planetary and Space Science (56) 212-226
Previous observations have noted the change in albedo in a number of North Pole bright outliers and in the distribution of bright ice deposits between Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data sets. Changes over the summer season as well as between regions at the same season (Ls)...
