Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2004
C.C. Schwartz, M.A. Haroldson, K. Gunther, D. Moody
2006, Ursus (17) 63-66
The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) proposed delisting the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in November 2005. Part of that process required knowledge of the most current distribution of the species. Here, we update an earlier estimate of occupied range (1990–2000) with data through 2004. We used kernel...
Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques
R.M. Jackson, J.D. Roe, R. Wangchuk, D.O. Hunter
2006, Wildlife Society Bulletin (34) 772-781
Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography...
Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone
C.E. Bexfield, J.H. McBride, Andre J. M. Pugin, D. Ravat, S. Biswas, W.J. Nelson, T.H. Larson, S.L. Sargent, M.A. Fillerup, B.E. Tingey, L. Wald, M.L. Northcott, J.V. South, M.S. Okure, M.R. Chandler
2006, Tectonophysics (420) 5-21
Shallow high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have traditionally been restricted to either compressional (P) or horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves in order to produce 2-D images of subsurface structure. The northernmost Mississippi embayment and coincident New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) provide an ideal laboratory to study the experimental use of integrating...
Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley
K.S. Watrous, T.M. Donovan, R.M. Mickey, S.R. Darling, A.C. Hicks, S. L. Von Oettingen
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 1228-1237
Predicting potential habitat across a landscape for rare species is extremely challenging. However, partitioned Mahalanobis D2 methods avoid pitfalls commonly encountered when surveying rare species by using data collected only at known species locations. Minimum habitat requirements are then determined by examining a principal components analysis to find consistent habitat...
Differential estimates of southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) population structure based on capture method
K. S. Laves, S.C. Loeb
2006, American Midland Naturalist (155) 237-243
It is commonly assumed that population estimates derived from trapping small mammals are accurate and unbiased or that estimates derived from different capture methods are comparable. We captured southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) using two methods to study their effect on red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) reproductive success. Southern flying squirrels...
Daily energy expenditure in free-ranging Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)
P.G.R. Jodice, D.M. Epperson, G. Henk Visser
2006, Copeia 129-136
Studies of ecological energetics in chelonians are rare. Here, we report the first measurements of daily energy expenditure (DEE) and water influx rates (WIRs) in free-ranging adult Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). We used the doubly labeled water (DLW) method to measure DEE in six adult tortoises during the non-breeding season...
Trends of chlorinated organic contaminants in Great Lakes trout and walleye from 1970-1998
J.P. Hickey, S.A. Batterman, S.M. Chernyak
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (50) 97-110
Levels of chlorinated organic contaminants in predator fish have been monitored annually in each of the Great Lakes since the 1970s. This article updates earlier reports with data from 1991 to 1998 for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and (Lake Erie only) walleye (Sander vitreus) to provide a record that now...
Extirpation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) following the invasion of dreissenid mussels in an interconnecting river of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Don W. Schloesser, Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith, William P. Kovalak, Gary D. Longton, Rick D. Smithee
2006, American Midland Naturalist (155) 307-320
Previous (1992–1994) surveys for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) along main channels of the Detroit River showed that unionids had been extirpated from all but four sites in the upper reaches of the river due to impacts of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis). These four sites were surveyed again...
Development of partial rock veneers by root throw in a subalpine setting
W. R. Osterkamp, T.J. Toy, M.T. Lenart
2006, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (31) 1-14
Rock veneers stabilize hillslope surfaces, occur especially in areas of immature soil, and form through a variety of process sets that includes root throw. Near Westcliffe, Colorado, USA, data were collected from a 20 ?? 500 m transect on the east slope of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Ages of...
The quest for the perfect gravity anomaly: Part 2 - Mass effects and anomaly inversion
Gordon R. Keller, T.G. Hildenbrand, W. J. Hinze, X. Li, D. Ravat, M. Webring
2006, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (25) 864-868
Gravity anomalies have become an important tool for geologic studies since the widespread use of high-precision gravimeters after the Second World War. More recently the development of instrumentation for airborne gravity observations, procedures for acquiring data from satellite platforms, the readily available Global Positioning System for precise vertical and horizontal...
Submarine landslides in the Santa Barbara Channel as potential tsunami sources
H. Gary Greene, L.Y. Murai, P. Watts, N.A. Maher, M. A. Fisher, C.E. Paull, P. Eichhubl
2006, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (6) 63-88
Recent investigations using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institutes (MBARI) Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) "Ventana" and "Tiburon" and interpretation of MBARI's EM 300 30 kHz multibeam bathymetric data show that the northern flank of the Santa Barbara Basin has experienced massive slope failures. Of particular concern is the large (130...
Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars
A. Wang, L.A. Haskin, S. W. Squyres, B.L. Jolliff, L. Crumpler, Ralf Gellert, C. Schroder, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, J. Hurowitz, N.J. Tosca, W. H. Farrand, R. Anderson, A.T. Knudson
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover's exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches...
Global analyses of brachiopod faunas through the Ordovician and Silurian transition: Reducing the role of the Lazarus effect
J.-Y. Rong, A. J. Boucot, D.A.T. Harper, R.-B. Zhan, R. B. Neuman
2006, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (43) 23-39
Global analyses of 88 families and 284 genera of brachiopods from middle Ashgill, Late Ordovician, to early-middle Rhuddanian, Early Silurian, indicate that 18.6% and 12.5% of families and 51.0% and 41.3% of genera were eliminated in the first and second phases of the end-Ordovician mass extinction, respectively, with the total...
Distribution of foraminifera in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the past century
I.J. Abbene, S.J. Culver, D.R. Corbett, M.A. Buzas, L.S. Tully
2006, Journal of Foraminiferal Research (36) 135-151
Foraminiferal and radionuclide data have been used to investigate environmental change that has occurred within Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, over the last century. Environmental conditions were evaluated for three time slices; (1) the modern environment as determined by surficial (0-1 cm) sediments, (2) short-core intervals representing approximately 40 years BP,...
Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data
W.A. Bohrson, F. J. Spera, S. J. Fowler, H. E. Belkin, B. de Vivo, G. Rolandi
2006, Developments in Volcanology (9) 249-288
The Campanian Ignimbrite is a large-volume trachytic to phonolitic ignimbrite that was deposited at ≈39.3 ka and represents one of a number of highly explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the region near Naples, Italy. Thermodynamic modeling using the MELTS algorithm reveals that major element variations are dominated by...
The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements
M. R. Miller, J. McA Eadie
2006, Condor (108) 166-177
We examined the allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR; kJ day-1) and body mass (kg) in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) by regressing RMR on body mass using species means from data obtained from published literature (18 sources, 54 measurements, 24 species; all data from captive birds). There was no significant...
Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake
F. F. Pollitz, M. Nyst, T. Nishimura, W. Thatcher
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
Coseismic slip associated with the M7.9, 1923 Kanto earthquake is fairly well understood, involving slip of up to 8 m along the Philippine Sea-Honshu interplate boundary under Sagami Bay and its onland extension. Postseismic deformation after the 1923 earthquake, however, is relatively poorly understood. We revisit the available deformation data...
Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams
P.M. Kocovsky, R.F. Carline
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 76-88
Landscapes influence the capacity of streams to produce trout through their effect on water chemistry and other factors at the reach scale. Trout abundance also fluctuates over time; thus, to thoroughly understand how spatial factors at landscape scales affect trout populations, one must assess the changes in populations over time...
MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport
C.D. Langevin, W. Guo
2006, Ground Water (44) 339-351
This paper presents an approach for coupling MODFLOW and MT3DMS for the simulation of variable-density ground water flow. MODFLOW routines were modified to solve a variable-density form of the ground water flow equation in which the density terms are calculated using an equation of state and the simulated MT3DMS solute...
Wetland environmental conditions associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks and the abundance of Pasteurella multocida
Julie A. Blanchong, Michael D. Samuel, Diana R. Goldberg, Daniel J. Shadduck, L. H. Creekmore
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 54-60
Avian cholera is a significant infectious disease affecting waterfowl across North America and occurs worldwide among various avian species. Despite the importance of this disease, little is known about the factors that cause avian cholera outbreaks and what management strategies might be used to reduce disease mortality. Previous studies indicated...
Incorporating diverse data and realistic complexity into demographic estimation procedures for sea otters
M. Timothy Tinker, Daniel F. Doak, James A. Estes, Brian B. Hatfield, Michelle M. Staedler, Arthur Gross
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 2293-2312
Reliable information on historical and current population dynamics is central to understanding patterns of growth and decline in animal populations. We developed a maximum likelihood-based analysis to estimate spatial and temporal trends in age/sex-specific survival rates for the threatened southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), using annual population censuses and...
Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region
C. Thurber, H. Zhang, F. Waldhauser, J. Hardebeck, A. Michael, D. Eberhart-Phillips
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96)
We present a new three-dimensional (3D) compressional vvavespeed (V p) model for the Parkfield region, taking advantage of the recent seismicity associated with the 2003 San Simeon and 2004 Parkfield earthquake sequences to provide increased model resolution compared to the work of Eberhart-Phillips and Michael (1993) (EPM93). Taking the EPM93...
Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000
Catharine Copass Thompson, A. D. McGuire, Joy S. Clein, F. S. Chapin III, J. Beringer
2006, Conference Paper, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Shifts in the carbon balance of high-latitude ecosystems could result from differential responses of vegetation and soil processes to changing moisture and temperature regimes and to a lengthening of the growing season. Although shrub expansion and northward movement of treeline should increase carbon inputs, the effects of these vegetation changes...
Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change
Y.-K. Zhang, K. E. Schilling
2006, Journal of Hydrology (324) 412-422
A trend of increasing streamflow has been observed in the Mississippi River (MR) basin since the 1940 s as a result of increased precipitation. Herein we show that increasing MR flow is mainly in its baseflow as a result of land use change and accompanying agricultural activities that occurred in...
Effects of sample survey design on the accuracy of classification tree models in species distribution models
T.C. Edwards Jr., D.R. Cutler, N.E. Zimmermann, L. Geiser, Gretchen G. Moisen
2006, Ecological Modelling (199) 132-141
We evaluated the effects of probabilistic (hereafter DESIGN) and non-probabilistic (PURPOSIVE) sample surveys on resultant classification tree models for predicting the presence of four lichen species in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Models derived from both survey forms were assessed using an independent data set (EVALUATION). Measures of accuracy as gauged...
