Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits
K.A. Winfield, J. R. Nimmo, J. A. Izbicki, P. M. Martin
2006, Vadose Zone Journal (5) 706-719
With the goal of improving property-transfer model (PTM) predictions of unsaturated hydraulic properties, we investigated the influence of sedimentary structure, defined as particle arrangement during deposition, on laboratory-measured water retention (water content vs. potential [θ(ψ)]) of 10 undisturbed core samples from alluvial deposits in the western Mojave Desert, California. The...
The quest for the perfect gravity anomaly: Part 1 - New calculation standards
X. Li, T.G. Hildenbrand, W. J. Hinze, Gordon R. Keller, D. Ravat, M. Webring
2006, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (25) 859-863
The North American gravity database together with databases from Canada, Mexico, and the United States are being revised to improve their coverage, versatility, and accuracy. An important part of this effort is revision of procedures and standards for calculating gravity anomalies taking into account our enhanced computational power, modern satellite-based...
The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements
M. R. Miller, J. McA Eadie
2006, Condor (108) 166-177
We examined the allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR; kJ day-1) and body mass (kg) in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) by regressing RMR on body mass using species means from data obtained from published literature (18 sources, 54 measurements, 24 species; all data from captive birds). There was no significant...
Development of partial rock veneers by root throw in a subalpine setting
W. R. Osterkamp, T.J. Toy, M.T. Lenart
2006, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (31) 1-14
Rock veneers stabilize hillslope surfaces, occur especially in areas of immature soil, and form through a variety of process sets that includes root throw. Near Westcliffe, Colorado, USA, data were collected from a 20 ?? 500 m transect on the east slope of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Ages of...
Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data
W.A. Bohrson, F. J. Spera, S. J. Fowler, H. E. Belkin, B. de Vivo, G. Rolandi
2006, Developments in Volcanology (9) 249-288
The Campanian Ignimbrite is a large-volume trachytic to phonolitic ignimbrite that was deposited at ≈39.3 ka and represents one of a number of highly explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the region near Naples, Italy. Thermodynamic modeling using the MELTS algorithm reveals that major element variations are dominated by...
Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs
D. J. Toth, B. G. Katz
2006, Hydrogeology Journal (14) 827-847
Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca-HCO3 (six), Na-Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca-HCO3 spring waters was modeled...
Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska
X. Zhang, A. D. McGuire, Roger W. Ruess
2006, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (11) 147-174
A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in...
Sulfate deposition in subsurface regolith in Gusev crater, Mars
A. Wang, L.A. Haskin, S. W. Squyres, B.L. Jolliff, L. Crumpler, Ralf Gellert, C. Schroder, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, J. Hurowitz, N.J. Tosca, W. H. Farrand, R. Anderson, A.T. Knudson
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
Excavating into the shallow Martian subsurface has the potential to expose stratigraphic layers and mature regolith, which may hold a record of more ancient aqueous interactions than those expected under current Martian surface conditions. During the Spirit rover's exploration of Gusev crater, rover wheels were used to dig three trenches...
Explosion source strong ground motions in the Mississippi embayment
C.A. Langston, P. Bodin, C. Powell, M. Withers, S. Horton, Walter D. Mooney
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1038-1054
Two strong-motion arrays were deployed for the October 2002 Embayment Seismic Excitation Experiment to study the spatial variation of strong ground motions in the deep, unconsolidated sediments of the Mississippi embayment because there are no comparable strong-motion data from natural earthquakes in the area. Each linear array consisted of eight...
Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA
J. W. Godt, R.L. Baum, A.F. Chleborad
2006, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (31) 97-110
Shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area, has caused the occasional loss of human life and millions of dollars in damage to property. The effective management of the hazzard requires an understanding of the rainfall conditions that result in landslides. We present an empirical approach to quantify the antecedent moisture...
Concurrent assessment of fish and habitat in warmwater streams in Wyoming
M.C. Quist, W.A. Hubert, F.J. Rahel
2006, Fisheries Management and Ecology (13) 9-20
Fisheries research and management in North America have focused largely on sport fishes, but native non-game fishes have attracted increased attention due to their declines. The Warmwater Stream Assessment (WSA) was developed to evaluate simultaneously both fish and habitat in Wyoming streams by a process that includes three major components:...
Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques
W. H. Farrand, J.F. Bell, J. R. Johnson, S. W. Squyres, J. Soderblom, D. W. Ming
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) multispectral observations of rocks made by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's Panoramic camera (Pancam) have been analyzed using a spectral mixture analysis (SMA) methodology. Scenes have been examined from the Gusev crater plains into the Columbia Hills. Most scenes on the plains and in the Columbia...
Analysis of environmental variation in a Great Plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems
J.M. Long, W.L. Fisher
2006, Lake and Reservoir Management (22) 132-140
We present a method for spatial interpretation of environmental variation in a reservoir that integrates principal components analysis (PCA) of environmental data with geographic information systems (GIS). To illustrate our method, we used data from a Great Plains reservoir (Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma) with longitudinal variation in physicochemical conditions. We measured...
Structural fabrics, mineralization and Lamaride kinematics of the Idaho Springs-Ralston shear zone, Colorado mineral belt and central Front Range uplift
Jonathan S. Caine, E.P. Nelson, S.T. Beach, P.W. Layer
2006, Mountain Geologist (43) 1-24
The Idaho Springs and Central City mining districts form the central portion of a structurally controlled hydrothermal precious- and base-metal vein system in the Front Range of the northeast-trending Colorado Mineral Belt. Three new 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages on hydrothermal sericite indicate the veins formed during the Laramide orogeny between 65.4??1.5...
The quest for the perfect gravity anomaly: Part 2 - Mass effects and anomaly inversion
Gordon R. Keller, T.G. Hildenbrand, W. J. Hinze, X. Li, D. Ravat, M. Webring
2006, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (25) 864-868
Gravity anomalies have become an important tool for geologic studies since the widespread use of high-precision gravimeters after the Second World War. More recently the development of instrumentation for airborne gravity observations, procedures for acquiring data from satellite platforms, the readily available Global Positioning System for precise vertical and horizontal...
A regional classification scheme for estimating reference water quality in streams using land-use-adjusted spatial regression-tree analysis
Dale M. Robertson, D. A. Saad, D.M. Heisey
2006, Environmental Management (37) 209-229
Various approaches are used to subdivide large areas into regions containing streams that have similar reference or background water quality and that respond similarly to different factors. For many applications, such as establishing reference conditions, it is preferable to use physical characteristics that are not affected by human activities to...
Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland
A.M. Hall, W.M. Phillips
2006, Journal of Quaternary Science (21) 811-830
A range of evidence indicates that many granite tors in the Cairngorms have been modified by the flow of glacier ice during the Pleistocene. Comparisons with SW England and the use of a space-time transformation across 38 tor groups in the Cairngorms allow a model to be developed for progressive...
Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse
N.A. Cabrol, J.D. Farmer, E.A. Grin, L. Ritcher, L. Soderblom, R. Li, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, G. A. Landis, R. E. Arvidson
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
Gusev crater was selected as the landing site for Spirit on the basis of morphological evidence of long-lasting water activity, including possibly fluvial and lacustrine episodes. From the Columbia Memorial Station to the Columbia Hills, Spirit's traverse provides a journey back in time, from relatively recent volcanic plains showing little...
Influence of landscape-scale factors in limiting brook trout populations in Pennsylvania streams
P.M. Kocovsky, R.F. Carline
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 76-88
Landscapes influence the capacity of streams to produce trout through their effect on water chemistry and other factors at the reach scale. Trout abundance also fluctuates over time; thus, to thoroughly understand how spatial factors at landscape scales affect trout populations, one must assess the changes in populations over time...
Global analyses of brachiopod faunas through the Ordovician and Silurian transition: Reducing the role of the Lazarus effect
J.-Y. Rong, A. J. Boucot, D.A.T. Harper, R.-B. Zhan, R. B. Neuman
2006, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (43) 23-39
Global analyses of 88 families and 284 genera of brachiopods from middle Ashgill, Late Ordovician, to early-middle Rhuddanian, Early Silurian, indicate that 18.6% and 12.5% of families and 51.0% and 41.3% of genera were eliminated in the first and second phases of the end-Ordovician mass extinction, respectively, with the total...
Drowned coralline algal dominated deposits off Lanai, Hawaii; carbonate accretion and vertical tectonics over the last 30 ka
Jody M. Webster, David A. Clague, Juan Carlos Braga, Heather Spalding, Willem Renema, Christopher Kelley, Bruce Applegate, John R. Smith, Charles K. Paull, James G. Moore, Donald Potts
2006, Marine Geology (225) 223-246
We present detailed bathymetry, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and submersible observations, and sedimentary and radiocarbon age data from carbonate deposits recovered from two submerged terraces at − 150 m (T1) and − 230 m (T2) off Lanai, Hawaii. The tops of the terraces are veneered by relatively thin (<5 m) in situ...
Comparison of COSPEC and two miniature ultraviolet spectrometer systems for SO2 measurements using scattered sunlight
Tamar Elias, A. Jeff Sutton, Clive Oppenheimer, Keith A. Horton, Harold Garbeil, Vitchko Tsanev, Andrew J.S. McGonigle, Glyn Williams-Jones
2006, Bulletin of Volcanology (68) 313-322
The correlation spectrometer (COSPEC), the principal tool for remote measurements of volcanic SO2, is rapidly being replaced by low-cost, miniature, ultraviolet (UV) spectrometers. We compared two of these new systems with a COSPEC by measuring SO2 column amounts at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii. The two systems, one calibrated using in-situ SO2 cells, and...
Determination of the platinum - Group elements (PGE) and gold (Au) in manganese nodule reference samples by nickel sulfide fire-assay and Te coprecipitation with ICP-MS
V. Balaram, R. Mathur, V.K. Banakar, J.R. Hein, C.R.M. Rao, Rao T. Gnaneswara, B. Dasaram
2006, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences (35) 7-16
Platinum group elements (PGE) and Au data in polymetallic oceanic ferromanganese nodule reference samples and crust samples obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), after separation and pre-concentration by nickel sulfide fire-assay and Te coprecipitation, are presented. By optimizing several critical parameters such as flux composition, matrix matching calibration,...
Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests
R.S. Carr, J.M. Biedenbach, M. Nipper
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (51) 573-579
The influence of potentially confounding factors has been identified as a concern for interpreting sea urchin porewater toxicity test data. The results from >40 sediment-quality assessment surveys using early-life stages of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata were compiled and examined to determine acceptable ranges of natural variables such as pH,...
Geodetic antenna calibration test in the Antarctic environment
A. Grejner-Brzezinska, E. Vazquez, L. Hothem
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation - 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION GNSS 2006
TransAntarctic Mountain DEFormation (TAMDEF) Monitoring Network is the NSF-sponsored OSU and USGS project, aimed at measuring crustal motion in the Transantarctic Mountains of Victoria Land using GPS carrier phase measurements. Station monumentation, antenna mounts, antenna types, and data processing strategies were optimized to achieve mm-level estimates for the rates of...
