Surficial geology of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound as shown by sidescan-sonar imagery
K. Y. McMullen, L. J. Poppe, M. L. DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. S. Moser, E. B. Christman
2005, Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences (27) 60-70
We used sidescan-sonar imagery detailing almost 300 km2 of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound in conjunction with bathymetry, sediment samples, bottom video, and seismic data to interpret the area's surficial geology. The distribution of sediments and sedimentary environments interpreted from these data sets represents the Quaternary geology,...
Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals
F.J. Dwyer, F.L. Mayer, L.C. Sappington, D.R. Buckler, C.M. Bridges, I.E. Greer, D.K. Hardesty, C.E. Henke, C.G. Ingersoll, J.L. Kunz, D.W. Whites, T. Augspurger, D.R. Mount, K. Hattala, G.N. Neuderfer
2005, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (48) 143-154
Assessment of contaminant impacts to federally identified endangered, threatened and candidate, and state-identified endangered species (collectively referred to as "listed" species) requires understanding of a species' sensitivities to particular chemicals. The most direct approach would be to determine the sensitivity of a listed species to a particular contaminant or perturbation....
LogCauchy, log-sech and lognormal distributions of species abundances in forest communities
Z.-Y. Yin, S.-L. Peng, H. Ren, Q. Guo, Z.-H. Chen
2005, Ecological Modelling (184) 329-340
Species-abundance (SA) pattern is one of the most fundamental aspects of biological community structure, providing important information regarding species richness, species-area relation and succession. To better describe the SA distribution (SAD) in a community, based on the widely used lognormal (LN) distribution model with exp(-x2) roll-off on Preston's octave scale,...
Evidence for a global seismic-moment release sequence
C. G. Bufe, D. M. Perkins
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 833-843
Temporal clustering of the larger earthquakes (foreshock-mainshock-aftershock) followed by relative quiescence (stress shadow) are characteristic of seismic cycles along plate boundaries. A global seismic-moment release history, based on a little more than 100 years of instrumental earthquake data in an extended version of the catalog of Pacheco and Sykes (1992),...
Geographic variation in survival and migratory tendency among North American Common Mergansers
John M. Pearce, John A. Reed, Paul L. Flint
2005, Journal of Field Ornithology (76) 109-118
Movement ecology and demographic parameters for the Common Merganser (Mergus merganser americanus) in North America are poorly known. We used band-recovery data from five locations across North America spanning the years 1938–1998 to examine migratory patterns and estimate survival rates. We examined competing time-invariant, age-graduated models with program MARK...
Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska
Chadwick V. Jay, Susan Hills
2005, Arctic (58) 192-202
Satellite radio-location data from 57 adult male Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) were used to estimate haul-out fidelity, broadly describe seasonal foraging distributions, and determine the approximate timing of autumn migration from Bristol Bay, Alaska. Data were collected intermittently during 1987–91 and 1995–2000, primarily during the period from May to...
Possible pingos and a periglacial landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia
R.J. Soare, D.M. Burr, Bun Tseung J.-M. Wan
2005, Icarus (174) 373-382
Hydrostatic (closed-system) pingos are small, elongate to circular, ice-cored mounds that are perennial features of some periglacial landscapes. The growth and development of hydrostatic pingos is contingent upon the presence of surface water, freezing processes and of deep, continuous, ice-cemented permafrost. Other cold-climate landforms such as small-sized, polygonal patterned ground...
Orientation of three-component geophones in the San Andreas Fault observatory at depth Pilot Hole, Parkfield, California
V. Oye, W.L. Ellsworth
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 751-758
To identify and constrain the target zone for the planned SAFOD Main Hole through the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Parkfield, California, a 32-level three-component (3C) geophone string was installed in the Pilot Hole (PH) to monitor and improve the locations of nearby earthquakes. The orientation of the 3C geophones...
Subduction-zone magnetic anomalies and implications for hydrated forearc mantle
R.J. Blakely, T.M. Brocher, R.E. Wells
2005, Geology (33) 445-448
Continental mantle in subduction zones is hydrated by release of water from the underlying oceanic plate. Magnetite is a significant byproduct of mantle hydration, and forearc mantle, cooled by subduction, should contribute to long-wavelength magnetic anomalies above subduction zones. We test this hypothesis with a quantitative model of the Cascadia...
Forest cover influences dispersal distance of white-tailed deer
E.S. Long, Duane R. Diefenbach, C.S. Rosenberry, B.D. Wallingford, M.D. Grund
2005, Journal of Mammalogy (86) 623-629
Animal dispersal patterns influence gene flow, disease spread, population dynamics, spread of invasive species, and establishment of rare or endangered species. Although differences in dispersal distances among taxa have been reported, few studies have described plasticity of dispersal distance among populations of a single species. In 2002-2003, we radiomarked 308...
Low summer water temperatures influence occurrence of naturalized salmonids across a mountain watershed
S.A. Mullner, W.A. Hubert
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 1034-1040
We investigated relationships between the absence of salmonids and low summer water temperatures across a 150-km2 Rocky Mountain watershed. A model predicting maximum July water temperature (MJT) from measurements of perennial stream length, wetted width, and midrange basin elevation was developed from temperature data obtained at 20 sites across the...
Reconnaissance study of late quaternary faulting along Cerro Goden fault zone, western Puerto Rico
P. Mann, C.S. Prentice, J.-C. Hippolyte, N.R. Grindlay, L.J. Abrams, D. Lao-Davila
2005, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America (385) 115-137
The Cerro Goden fault zone is associated with a curvilinear, continuous, and prominent topographic lineament in western Puerto Rico. The fault varies in strike from northwest to west. In its westernmost section, the fault is ∼500 m south of an abrupt, curvilinear mountain front separating the 270- to 361-m-high La...
Mapping the invasive species, Chinese tallow, with EO1 satellite Hyperion hyperspectral image data and relating tallow occurrences to a classified Landsat Thematic Mapper land cover map
Elijah W. Ramsey III, A. Rangoonwala, G. Nelson, R. Ehrlich
2005, International Journal of Remote Sensing (26) 1637-1657
Our objective was to provide a realistic and accurate representation of the spatial distribution of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) in the Earth Observing 1 (EO1) Hyperion hyperspectral image coverage by using methods designed and tested in previous studies. We transformed, corrected, and normalized Hyperion reflectance image data into composition images...
Reconstructing a 180 yr record of natural and anthropogenic induced low-oxygen conditions from Louisiana continental shelf sediments
L.E. Osterman, R.Z. Poore, P.W. Swarzenski, R.E. Turner
2005, Geology (33) 329-332
Hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf is tied to nutrient Loading and freshwater stratification from the Mississippi River. Variations in the relative abundance of low-oxygen-tolerant benthic foraminifers in four sediment cores from the Louisiana shelf provide a proxy record of low-oxygen events. Core chronologies are obtained using 210Pb dating techniques....
Numerical modeling of an estuary: A comprehensive skill assessment
J.C. Warner, W.R. Geyer, J.A. Lerczak
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (110) 1-13
Numerical simulations of the Hudson River estuary using a terrain-following, three-dimensional model (Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)) are compared with an extensive set of time series and spatially resolved measurements over a 43 day period with large variations in tidal forcing and river discharge. The model is particularly effective at...
Role of reservoir engineering in the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska
M.K. Verma, K. J. Bird
2005, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (89) 1091-1111
The geology and reservoir-engineering data were integrated in the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). VVhereas geology defined the analog pools and fields and provided the basic information on sizes and numbers of hypothesized petroleum accumulations, reservoir engineering helped develop necessary equations and...
The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part II: Quantifying refraction nonuniqueness using a three-layer model
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, J. Xia, D. Steeples
2005, Pure and Applied Geophysics (162) 461-477
This paper is the second of a set of two papers in which we study the inverse refraction problem. The first paper, "Types of Geophysical Nonuniqueness through Minimization," studies and classifies the types of nonuniqueness that exist when solving inverse problems depending on the participation of a priori information required...
Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information
D.M. Bjerklie, D. Moller, L.C. Smith, S.L. Dingman
2005, Journal of Hydrology (309) 191-209
A methodology to estimate in-bank river discharge exclusively from remotely sensed hydraulic data is developed. Water-surface width and maximum channel width measured from 26 aerial and digital orthophotos of 17 single channel rivers and 41 SAR images of three braided rivers were coupled with channel slope data obtained from topographic...
The fundamental thermal niche of adult landlocked striped bass
P.W. Bettoli
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 305-314
Researchers have described the temperatures selected by landlocked striped bass Morone saxatilis in different locales throughout the USA. However, seasonally low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) in many systems prevented striped bass from using the cool waters (<22??C) they may have preferred. In Melton Hill Reservoir, a 92-km-long impoundment on...
Using chaotic forcing to detect damage in a structure
L. Moniz, J. Nichols, S. Trickey, M. Seaver, D. Pecora, L. Pecora
2005, Chaos (15)
In this work we develop a numerical test for Holder continuity and apply it and another test for continuity to the difficult problem of detecting damage in structures. We subject a thin metal plate with incremental damage to the plate changes, its filtering properties, and therefore the phase space trajectories...
Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index
M.P. Ward, B.H. Ramsay, K. Gallo
2005, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (5) 181-188
Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the...
River nutrient loads and catchment size
S. V. Smith, D.P. Swaney, R. W. Buddemeier, M.R. Scarsbrook, M.A. Weatherhead, Christoph Humborg, H. Eriksson, F. Hannerz
2005, Biogeochemistry (75) 83-107
We have used a total of 496 sample sites to calibrate a simple regression model for calculating dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes via runoff to the ocean. The regression uses the logarithms of runoff and human population as the independent variables and estimates the logarithms of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus...
Reserve growth in oil fields of the North Sea
T. R. Klett, D. L. Gautier
2005, Petroleum Geoscience (11) 179-190
The assessment of petroleum resources of the North Sea, as well as other areas of the world, requires a viable means to forecast the amount of growth of reserve estimates (reserve growth) for discovered fields and to predict the potential fully developed sizes of undiscovered fields. This study investigates the...
Mapping NEHRP VS30 site classes
T.L. Holzer, A.C. Padovani, M.J. Bennett, T.E. Noce, J. C. Tinsley III
2005, Earthquake Spectra (21) 353-370
Site-amplification potential in a 140-km2 area on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, California, was mapped with data from 210 seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) soundings. NEHRP VS30 values were computed on a 50-m grid by both taking into account the thickness and using mean values of locally measured...
Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's reagent
F. H. Chapelle, P. M. Bradley, C.C. Casey
2005, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (25) 131-141
Monitoring data collected over a 6‐year period show that a plume of chlorinated ethene–contaminated ground water has contracted significantly following treatment of the contaminant source area using in situ oxidation. Prior to treatment (1998), concentrations of perchloroethene (PCE) exceeded 4500 μg/L in a contaminant source area associated with a municipal...
