Evaluation of wolf density estimation from radiotelemetry data
John W. Burch, Layne G. Adams, Erich H. Follmann, Eric A. Rexstad
2005, Wildlife Society Bulletin (33) 1225-1236
Density estimation of wolves (Canis lupus) requires a count of individuals and an estimate of the area those individuals inhabit. With radiomarked wolves, the count is straightforward but estimation of the area is more difficult and often given inadequate attention. The population area, based on the mosaic of pack territories,...
A whole image approach using field measurements for transforming EO1 Hyperion hyperspectral data into canopy reflectance spectra
Elijah W. Ramsey III, G. Nelson
2005, International Journal of Remote Sensing (26) 1589-1610
To maximize the spectral distinctiveness (information) of the canopy reflectance, an atmospheric correction strategy was implemented to provide accurate estimates of the intrinsic reflectance from the Earth Observing 1 (EO1) satellite Hyperion sensor signal. In rendering the canopy reflectance, an estimate of optical depth derived from a measurement of downwelling...
Controlling for anthropogenically induced atmospheric variation in stable carbon isotope studies
E.S. Long, R.A. Sweitzer, Duane R. Diefenbach, M. Ben-David
2005, Oecologia (146) 148-156
Increased use of stable isotope analysis to examine food-web dynamics, migration, transfer of nutrients, and behavior will likely result in expansion of stable isotope studies investigating human-induced global changes. Recent elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration, related primarily to fossil fuel combustion, has reduced atmospheric CO2 ??13C (13C/12C), and this change...
Analyzing indicators of stream health for Minnesota streams
U. Singh, M. Kocian, B. Wilson, A. Bolton, J. Nieber, B. Vondracek, J. Perry, J. Magner
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and Emerging TMDL
Recent research has emphasized the importance of using physical, chemical, and biological indicators of stream health for diagnosing impaired watersheds and their receiving water bodies. A multidisciplinary team at the University of Minnesota is carrying out research to develop a stream classification system for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) assessment....
Population status of Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula
Thomas I. van Pelt, John F. Piatt
2005, Report
The Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a rare seabird that nests in alpine terrain and generally forages near tidewater glaciers during the breeding season. An estimated 95% of the global population breeds in Alaska, with some unknown proportion breeding in the Russian Far East. A global population estimate using bestavailable...
Estimating contaminant loads in rivers: An application of adjusted maximum likelihood to type 1 censored data
Timothy A. Cohn
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
This paper presents an adjusted maximum likelihood estimator (AMLE) that can be used to estimate fluvial transport of contaminants, like phosphorus, that are subject to censoring because of analytical detection limits. The AMLE is a generalization of the widely accepted minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), and Monte Carlo experiments confirm...
Assessments of urban growth in the Tampa Bay watershed using remote sensing data
G. Xian, M. Crane
2005, Remote Sensing of Environment (97) 203-215
Urban development has expanded rapidly in the Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida over the past century. A major effect associated with this population trend is transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly impervious urban land. This research utilizes an innovative approach for mapping urban extent and...
Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA
L.A. Neymark, J.B. Paces, B.D. Marshall, Z. E. Peterman, J. F. Whelan
2005, Environmental Geology (48) 450-465
Calcite-rich soils (calcrete) in alluvium and colluvium at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA, contain pedogenic calcite and opaline silica similar to soils present elsewhere in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Nevertheless, a ground-water discharge origin for the Solitario Wash soil deposits was proposed in a series of publications proposing...
Freshwater mussel shells as environmental chronicles: Geochemical and taphonomic signatures of mercury-related extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia
M.E. Brown, M. Kowalewski, R. J. Neves, D.S. Cherry, M.E. Schreiber
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 1455-1462
This study utilized freshwater mussel shells to assess mercury (Hg) contamination in the North Fork Holston River that extirpated (caused local extinctions of) a diverse mussel fauna. Shells (n = 366) were collected from five sites situated upstream (two sites), just below (one site), and downstream (two sites) of the...
Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA
L. A. Morgan, W. C. McIntosh
2005, Geological Society of America Bulletin (117) 288-306
The Snake River Plain (SRP) developed over the last 16 Ma as a bimodal volcanic province in response to the southwest movement of the North American plate over a fixed melting anomaly. Volcanism along the SRP is dominated by eruptions of explosive high-silica rhyolites and represents some of the largest...
Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information
D.M. Bjerklie, D. Moller, L.C. Smith, S.L. Dingman
2005, Journal of Hydrology (309) 191-209
A methodology to estimate in-bank river discharge exclusively from remotely sensed hydraulic data is developed. Water-surface width and maximum channel width measured from 26 aerial and digital orthophotos of 17 single channel rivers and 41 SAR images of three braided rivers were coupled with channel slope data obtained from topographic...
Sharpening advanced land imager multispectral data using a sensor model
G.P. Lemeshewsky
Rahman Z.Schowengerdt R.A.Reichenbach S.E., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) instrument on NASA's Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite provides for nine spectral bands at 30m ground sample distance (GSD) and a 10m GSD panchromatic band. This report describes an image sharpening technique where the higher spatial resolution information of the panchromatic band is used to...
Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection
Joseph D. Hughes, Ward E. Sanford, H. Leonard Vacher
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
A hybrid finite element, integrated finite difference numerical model is developed for the simulation of double‐diffusive and multicomponent flow in two and three dimensions. The model is based on a multidimensional, density‐dependent, saturated‐unsaturated transport model (SUTRA), which uses one governing equation for fluid flow and another for solute transport. The...
Preliminary evaluation of a lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) bioenergetics model
Charles P. Madenjian, Steven A. Pothoven, Philip J. Schneeberger, Daniel V. O’Connor, Stephen B. Brandt
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of a workshop on the dynamics of lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) and the amphipod Diporeia spp. in the Great Lakes
We conducted a preliminary evaluation of a lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) bioenergetics model by applying the model to size-at-age data for lake whitefish from northern Lake Michigan. We then compared estimates of gross growth efficiency (GGE) from our bioenergetis model with previously published estimates of GGE for bloater (C. hoyi)...
Incorporating uncertainty in watershed management decision-making: A mercury TMDL case study
W. Labiosa, J. Leckie, R. Shachter, D. Freyberg, J. Rytuba
Moglen G.E., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges
Water quality impairment due to high mercury fish tissue concentrations and high mercury aqueous concentrations is a widespread problem in several sub-watersheds that are major sources of mercury to the San Francisco Bay. Several mercury Total Maximum Daily Load regulations are currently being developed to address this problem. Decisions about...
Using cosmogenic nuclides to contrast rates of erosion and sediment yield in a semi-arid, arroyo-dominated landscape, Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico
P.R. Bierman, J.M. Reuter, M. Pavich, A. C. Gellis, M.W. Caffee, J. Larsen
2005, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (30) 935-953
Analysis of in-situ-produced 10Be and 26Al in 52 fluvial sediment samples shows that millennial-scale rates of erosion vary widely (7 to 366 m Ma-1) through the lithologically and topographically complex Rio Puerco Basin of northern New Mexico. Using isotopic analysis of both headwater and downstream samples, we determined that the...
The watershed and river systems management program
S.L. Markstrom, D. Frevert, G.H. Leavesley
Moglen G.E., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges
The Watershed and River System Management Program (WaRSMP), a joint effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), is focused on research and development of decision support systems and their application to achieve an equitable balance among diverse water resource management demands. Considerations include:...
Biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the Tri-States district of northeastern Oklahoma, USA
Christopher J. Schmitt, Jeffrey J. Whyte, William G. Brumbaugh, Donald E. Tillitt
2005, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (24) 1483-1495
We assessed the exposure of fish from the Spring and Neosho Rivers in northeast Oklahoma, USA, to lead, zinc, and cadmium from historical mining in the Tri-States Mining District (TSMD). Fish (n = 74) representing six species were collected in October 2001 from six sites on the Spring and Neosho...
Water level dynamics in wetlands and nesting success of Black Terns in Maine
Andrew T. Gilbert, F. A. Servello
2005, Waterbirds (28) 181-187
The Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) nests in freshwater wetlands that are prone to water level fluctuations, and nest losses to flooding are common. We examined temporal patterns in water levels at six sites with Black Tern colonies in Maine and determined probabilities of flood events and associated nest loss...
Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies
W. Guangcai, Z. Zuochen, W. Min, C.A. Cravotta III, L. Chenglong
2005, Ground Water (43) 478-484
Ground water can facilitate earthquake development and respond physically and chemically to tectonism. Thus, an understanding of ground water circulation in seismically active regions is important for earthquake prediction. To investigate the roles of ground water in the development and prediction of earthquakes, geological and hydrogeological monitoring was conducted in...
Diel spawning behavior of chum salmon in the Columbia River
K.F. Tiffan, D.W. Rondorf, J.J. Skalicky
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 892-900
We conducted a study during 2003 in a side channel of the Columbia River downstream of Bonneville Dam to describe the diel spawning behavior of wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. We collected observational data on 14 pairs of chum salmon using a dual-frequency identification sonar. Spawners of both genders were...
Potential for calibration of geostationary meteorological satellite imagers using the Moon
T.C. Stone, H. H. Kieffer, I.F. Grant
Butler J.J., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Solar-band imagery from geostationary meteorological satellites has been utilized in a number of important applications in Earth Science that require radiometric calibration. Because these satellite systems typically lack on-board calibrators, various techniques have been employed to establish "ground truth", including observations of stable ground sites and oceans, and cross-calibrating with...
Comparison of the lognormal and beta distribution functions to describe the uncertainty in permeability
K.L. Ricciardi, G.F. Pinder, K. Belitz
2005, Journal of Hydrology (313) 248-256
The permeability of a single hydrostratigraphic unit is associated with considerable uncertainty due to measurement errors and significant spatial variability. Historically this uncertainty is characterized by a lognormal distribution. This distribution is generally heavy tailed, so using this distribution to describe the permeability has the limitation that all positive values...
The Modular Modeling System (MMS): A toolbox for water- and environmental-resources management
G.H. Leavesley, S.L. Markstrom, Roland J. Viger, L.E. Hay
Moglen G.E., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges
The increasing complexity of water- and environmental-resource problems require modeling approaches that incorporate knowledge from a broad range of scientific and software disciplines. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the Modular Modeling System (MMS). MMS is an integrated system of computer software for model development,...
Insider censoring: Distortion of data with nondetects
D.R. Helsel
2005, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (11) 1127-1137
Environmental data often include low-level concentrations below reporting limits. These data may be reported as "<RL," where RL is one of several types of reporting limits. Some values also may be reported as a single number, but flagged with a qualifier (J-values) to indicate a difference in precision as compared...
