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Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5004


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Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation 


Dependence of Flow and Transport through the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, on Wind, River Inflow, and Lake Elevation


By Tamara M. Wood


Figures

Figure 1. Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, and the Williamson River Delta, Oregon. 


Figure 2. Lake elevation data converted to depths relative to full pool for the restored Tulana and Goose Bay areas of the Williamson River Delta and the resulting numerical grid after merging with the existing model of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon.

Figure 3. Initial values of tracers used in the tracer experiments within areas of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes and the Williamson River Delta, Oregon.


Figure 4. Time series of the 75th percentile wind observations at meteorological site Williamson River West (WRW-MET), Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, at 5-day intervals between April 27 and September 29, 2008.


Figure 5. The last frame from an animation of the simulation of the Goose Bay, Williamson River, and Tulana tracer under strong northwest wind conditions as measured on May 22, 2008, at Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, starting at 1:00 AM and ending at 12:00 PM.

Figure 6. The total fraction of Goose Bay and Tulana water replaced in 1 day, and the partial fraction of Goose Bay and Tulana water replaced with water from the Williamson River in 1 day, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, based on numerical tracer experiments.


Figure 7. Theoretical water replacement time for Goose Bay and Tulana in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, based on numerical tracer experiments. 


Figure 8. Replacement rate of water calculated over 1 day in Goose Bay and Tulana, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, based on numerical tracer experiments.


Figure 9. Replacement rate of water calculated over 1 day in Goose Bay and Tulana, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, based on numerical tracer experiments.


Figure 10. One-day partial replacement rate of water in Goose Bay and Tulana with Williamson River water, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, based on numerical tracer experiments.


Figure 11. One-day partial replacement rate of water in Goose Bay and Tulana with Williamson River water, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, based on numerical tracer experiments.


Figure 12. Best regressions for each dependent variable, where the dependent variables were based on numerical tracer experiments and calculations made at 5-day intervals between April 27 and October 9, 2008.


Figure 13. Best regressions for Goose Bay total replacement rate (RR-GB) and partial replacement rate (RR-GBwWR), Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, as a function of values of the independent variables lake elevation and Williamson River inflow.


Figure 14. Best regressions for Tulana replacement rate (RR-TUL) and partial replacement rate (RR-TULwWR), Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, as a function of values of the independent variables lake elevation and Williamson River inflow.


Figure 15. Best regressions for the partial replacement rate in Goose Bay (RR-GBwWR), and Tulana (RR-TULwWR), Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, as a function of values of the independent variables magnitude of the east-west and north-south wind component at the Williamson River West meteorological station.

Figure 16. Total rate of replacement in Goose Bay and Tulana in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, partial replacement rate of water in Goose Bay and Tulana with Williamson River water, and theoretical replacement time of the water in Goose Bay and Tulana, as a function of lake elevation, as calculated with multi-variate regression models. To obtain results shown, wind conditions were set to strong northwesterly winds as observed on May 22, 2008, and the Williamson River inflow was set to 60 cubic meters per second. 


Figure 17. Total rate of replacement in Goose Bay and Tulana in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, partial replacement rate of water in Goose Bay and Tulana with Williamson River water, and estimated contribution of benthic fluxes to orthophosphate concentration in Goose Bay and Tulana as a function of lake elevation, as calculated with multi-variate regression models.


First posted March 29, 2012

For additional information contact:
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov

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