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Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5135


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Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation


Modeling the Water-Quality Effects of Changes to the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon


By Annett B. Sullivan1, I. Ertugrul Sogutlugil2, Stewart A. Rounds1, and Michael L. Deas2


Figures

Figure 1. Location of the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon.

Figure 2. Components of total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads for Link River, Oregon, during model year 2007.

Figure 3. Model segments in the main branch of the Link-Keno model, Klamath River, Oregon.

Figure 4. Simulated dissolved-oxygen concentration under the base case and for scenarios 1b, 2a, 2b in the Link-Keno reach, Klamath River, Oregon, on August 1, 2007.


Figure 5. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations for the base case scenario (3[1a]) and reference conditions (3[nc]) scenarios, and hourly, 7-, and 30-day dissolved-oxygen criteria for the upper Klamath River at Miller Island (model segment 38), Oregon, 2007.

Figure 6. pH and ammonia concentrations from scenario [3(2a)], and criteria for pH and acute and chronic ammonia toxicity for the upper Klamath River at Miller Island (model segment 38), Oregon, 2007.

Figure 7. Comparison of measured daily average pH with daily average model results from the calibrated USGS model and scenario 4 TMDL model (2007 inputs applied to TMDL model setup) for sites in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, 2007.


Figure 8. Simulated dissolved-oxygen concentration under the base case and for scenario 5 in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, August 1, 2007.

Figure 9. Simulated water-quality conditions at 1 meter depth at Keno (model segment 95) for the base case and for scenario 6 model simulations of 90 percent decrease of particulate organic matter (POM) and blue-green algae at Link River, Oregon.

Figure 10. Simulated dissolved-oxygen concentration in the Link‑Keno reach, Klamath River, Oregon on August 1, 2007 under the base case and for scenario 6 decreases in Link River algae and particulate organic matter.


Figure 11. Relation between Link River particulate organic matter and algae load decrease and the predicted dissolved oxygen increase in the Link-Keno reach, Klamath River, Oregon, for each of the years modeled, 2006–09.


Figure 12. CE-QUAL-W2 model grid, location of wetland A and B areas, and approximate diversion and return flow points (marked with arrows) for scenario 7 simulations, Klamath River, Oregon.

Figure 13. Simulated dissolved‑oxygen concentration under the base case and for wetland simulations in scenario 7 in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, August 1, 2007.


Figure 14. Simulated dissolved-oxygen concentration under the base case and for flow routing simulations in scenario 8 in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, August 1, 2007.


Figure 15. Simulated daily average flow, velocity, total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen at segment 8 for the base case (scenario 1a) and scenario 8b, Klamath River, Oregon, 2007.

Figure 16. Simulated dissolved-oxygen concentration under the base case and for saturated and supersaturated model runs for scenario 9 in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, August 1, 2007.

Figure 17. Simulated water temperature under the base case and for shading simulations in scenario 9 in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, August 1, 2007.


Figure 18. Outflows from the CE-QUAL-W2 base-case model for 2006–09 and from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling Analysis (CCCMA) model for 2012–60 at Keno Dam, Klamath River, Oregon.


Figure 19. Annual average outflow at Keno Dam, Klamath River, Oregon.

Figure 20. Measured weekly mean water temperature versus measured weekly mean air temperature, with the final fitted equation for the entire simulation period (2006–09) for Link River, Lost River Diversion Channel, Klamath Straits Drain, Klamath River, Oregon.


Figure 21. Simulated water temperature under the base case and climate warming simulations in scenario 10 for the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, August 1, 2007.

Figure 22. Simulated water quality for scenarios 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 for the Link‑Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon.

1U.S. Geologial Survey

2Watercourse Engineering, Inc.

First posted July 24, 2013

For additional information contact:
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov

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