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Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4239

Ground-Water Discharge Determined from Measurements of Evapotranspiration,
Other Available Hydrologic Components, and Shallow Water-Level Changes,
Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada


CONTENTS

Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Acknowledgments
Location and Dominion
Description and Setting
Hydrogeology
Ground-Water Discharge
Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration Units
Thematic Mapper Imagery
Classification
Accuracy Assessment
Evapotranspiration Rates
Energy Budget Method
Site Selection and Instrumentaion
Micrometeorological Data and Daily and Annual Evapotranspiration
Estimates of Annual Evapotranspiration
Limitations of Methodology
Subsurface Outflow
Ground-Water Withdrawal
Spring Discharge
Estimates of Ground-Water Discharge
Ground-Water Levels
Data-Collection Network and Methods
Water-Level Fluctuations
Annual Fluctuations
Daily Fluctuations
Summary
References Cited
 
PLATES
Plate 1: Distribution of evapotranspiration (ET) units and fluctuations in water-level and daily ET, Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada.
Plate 2: Location of observation wells and measured water-table fluctuations, Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada.
 
LIST OF FIGURES
 
LIST OF TABLES

 

CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ACRONYMS


Multiply By To obtain

acre 0.4047 square hectometer
acre-foot (acre-ft) 0.001233 cubic hectometer
acre-foot per year (acre-ft/yr) 0.001233 cubic hectometer per year
cubic foot per day 0.02832 cubic meter per day
foot (ft) 0.3048 meter
foot per day (ft/day) 0.3048 meter per day
foot per year (ft/yr) 0.3048 meter per year
gallons per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second
inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter
mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer
pounds per cubic foot (lbs/ft3) 27.680 grams per cubic centimeter
pounds per square inch (lbs/in2) 6.895 kilopascals
square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter
square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer
watts per square foot (W/ft2) 10.76 watts per square meter

Temperature: Degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by using the formula °F = [1.8(°C)] + 32. Degrees Fahrenheit can be converted to degrees Celsius by using the formula °C = 0.556(°F - 32).

Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929, formerly called "Sea-Level Datum of 1929"), which is derived from a general adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the United States and Canada.

Acronyms:
A Cross-sectional area
BWSD Beatty Water and Sanitation District
DGV Moderately dense to dense grassland vegetation
DWV Dense wetland vegetation
E Rate of water evaporation
ERP Environmental Restoration Program
ET Evapotranspiration
G Surface heat flux
H Sensible heat flux
K Hydraulic conductivity
MSAVI Modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 
MBS Moist bare soil
NDWR Nevada Division of Water Resources
NTS Nevada Test Site
OWB Open water body
Q Quantity of ground-water flow
Rn Net radiation
SAV Submerged and sparse emergent aquatic vegetation
SGV Sparse to moderately dense grassland vegetation
SWNVF Southwest Nevada volcanic field
T Temperature
TM Thematic mapper
UCL Unclassified
USDOE U.S. Department of Energy
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
Greek symbol lambda Latent heat of vaporization for water
Greek symbol lambdaE Latent heat flux


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