Table 1. Terminal electron acceptors and byproducts involved in microbial processes
Electron acceptor 1 |
Byproduct |
Microbial process |
Oxygen (O2) |
CO2 |
Aerobic respiration |
Nitrate (NO3-) |
Ammonia (NH3) |
NO3- reduction |
Manganese (Mn4+) |
Manganese (Mn2+) |
Mn4+ reduction |
Iron (Fe3+) |
Iron (Fe2+) |
Fe3+ reduction |
Sulfate (SO42-) |
Sulfide (S2-) |
SO42- reduction |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
Methane (CH4) |
Methanogenesis |
1.The electron acceptors are arranged from most energy efficient at the top to least efficient.
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