Hydroclimatic and Land-Use Factors Affecting Peak Streamflow in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin

Circular 1557
Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Transportation, Iowa Department of Transportation, Michigan Department of Transportation, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Missouri Department of Transportation, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, North Dakota Department of Water Resources, South Dakota Department of Transportation, and Wisconsin Department of Transportation
By: , and 

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Abstract

Flood-frequency analysis provides the basis for flood risk estimates used by water-resource managers in land-use planning, and it informs the design of essential infrastructure such as bridges and culverts. Federal guidelines for flood-frequency analysis do not offer guidance on addressing changing climate and land-use conditions when estimating floods. However, failing to consider climatic and land-use changes that cause abrupt or gradual changes in flood regimes can result in a poor representation of the true flood risk.

In response to concerns about changing flood regimes, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with nine State agencies (Illinois Department of Transportation, Iowa Department of Transportation, Michigan Department of Transportation, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Missouri Department of Transportation, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, North Dakota Department of Water Resources, South Dakota Department of Transportation, and Wisconsin Department of Transportation) began a study to examine variability and change in hydrology and climate and the effects of urbanization and tile drainage on flooding. The analyses of patterns and changes in hydrology and climate were reported in a multichapter Scientific Investigations Report, the findings of which are summarized in this U.S. Geological Survey Circular. Additional analyses documenting changes in seasonality of flooding and the effects of urbanization and tile drainage were completed and published as separate studies and are also summarized in this Circular. These studies provide extensive exploratory analysis of peak streamflow, daily streamflow, and climate data, setting the stage for advancements in flood-frequency analysis.

Plain Language Summary

In response to concerns about changing flood regimes, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with nine State agencies, began a study to examine variability and change in hydrology and climate and the effects of urbanization and tile drainage on flooding. The findings of that study are briefly summarized in this report.

Suggested Citation

Ryberg, K.R., Marti, M.K., Barth, N.A., Over, T.M., Levin, S.B., Podzorski, H.L., Sando, S.K., Williams-Sether, T., O’Shea, P.S., and Chase, K.J., 2025, Hydroclimatic and land-use factors affecting peak streamflow in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1557, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1557.

ISSN: 2330-5703 (online)

Study Area

Table of Contents

  • Acknowledgments
  • Abstract
  • Plain Language Summary
  • Introduction
  • Hydroclimatic Study
  • Seasonality Study
  • Urbanization Study
  • Tile Drainage Study
  • Summary of Results and Drivers of Change
  • Implications for Flood-Frequency Analysis
  • Summary
  • References Cited
Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Hydroclimatic and land-use factors affecting peak streamflow in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin
Series title Circular
Series number 1557
DOI 10.3133/cir1557
Publication Date July 30, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston, VA
Contributing office(s) Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, Dakota Water Science Center, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
Description Report: viii, 56 p.; 3 Data Releases; Dataset
Country United States
State Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin
Online Only (Y/N) Y
Additional Online Files (Y/N) N
Additional publication details