Critical Minerals in Orogenic (Gold) and Coeur d’Alene-Type Mineral Systems of the United States

Data Report 1198
Mineral Resources Program
By:  and 

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Abstract

Orogenic and Coeur d’Alene-type mineral systems are produced by metamorphic devolatilization of thick volcanic or siliciclastic sedimentary rock sequences and the focused flow of hydrothermal fluids upwards along crustal-scale faults. Most orogenic systems are found along the Cordilleran orogen, stretching from California northwards into Alaska, whereas most Coeur d’Alene-type systems occur in the Proterozoic Belt Basin in Idaho and Montana. Although the deposit types in these systems are exploited for precious and base metals, potential exists for the production of critical minerals necessary for current (2025) societal needs in the United States. Publicly available geochemical data compiled for these mineral systems, coupled with mineralogical characteristics, indicate that several critical minerals could potentially be recovered from unmined resources and processed mine waste: arsenic, antimony, tellurium, cobalt, and tungsten from orogenic gold deposits and zinc, antimony, arsenic, and manganese from Coeur d’Alene-type systems. These critical minerals reside primarily in arsenopyrite (arsenic), scheelite (tungsten), siderite (manganese), sphalerite (zinc), tetrahedrite (antimony and arsenic), stibnite (antimony), and telluride (tellurium) minerals.

Suggested Citation

Taylor, R.D., and Hofstra, A.H., 2025, Critical minerals in orogenic (gold) and Coeur d’Alene-type mineral systems of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1198, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1198.

ISSN: 2771-9448 (online)

Study Area

Table of Contents

  • Abstract
  • Introduction  
  • Purpose and Scope
  • Background—Mineral Systems and Ore Deposits
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion—Potential Recovery of Critical Minerals
  • Conclusions
  • References Cited
  • Appendix 1. Descriptions for Coeur d’Alene-Type and Orogenic Gold Ore Samples Used in this Study
Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Critical minerals in orogenic (gold) and Coeur d’Alene-type mineral systems of the United States
Series title Data Report
Series number 1198
DOI 10.3133/dr1198
Publication Date May 30, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston VA
Contributing office(s) Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Description Report: v, 47 p.; Data Release
Country United States
Other Geospatial continental United States
Online Only (Y/N) Y
Additional publication details