Goals and objectives
Victoria Johnston, Jonathan Bart
Jonathan Bart, Victoria Johnston, editor(s)
2012, Book chapter, Arctic shorebirds in North America: A decade of monitoring
We report results from shorebird surveys in the North American Arctic, defined here as Bird Conservation Regions 2 and 3 of the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (http://www.nabci.net/International/English/bcrmap.html). The surveys estimate population size and trend, and provide information on habitat relationships, at the regional and Arctic-wide scale (Table 1, Fig...
Influence of fault trend, bends, and convergence on shallow structure and geomorphology of the Hosgri strike-slip fault, offshore central California
Samuel Y. Johnson, Janet Tilden Watt
2012, Geosphere (8) 1632-1656
We mapped an ∼94-km-long portion of the right-lateral Hosgri fault zone in offshore central California using a dense network of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, marine magnetic data, and multibeam bathymetry. These data document the location, length, and continuity of multiple fault strands, highlight fault-zone heterogeneity, and demonstrate the importance...
Slip rate on the San Diego trough fault zone, inner California Borderland, and the 1986 Oceanside earthquake swarm revisited
Holly F. Ryan, James E. Conrad, C. K. Paull, Mary McGann
2012, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (102) 2300-2312
The San Diego trough fault zone (SDTFZ) is part of a 90-km-wide zone of faults within the inner California Borderland that accommodates motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Along with most faults offshore southern California, the slip rate and paleoseismic history of the SDTFZ are unknown. We present...
A comparison of selected parametric and imputation methods for estimating snag density and snag quality attributes
Bianca Eskelson, Joan Hagar, Hailemariam Temesgen
2012, Forest Ecology and Management 26-34
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Physiological ecology of desert biocrust moss following 10 years exposure to elevated CO2: Evidence for enhanced photosynthetic thermotolerance
Kirsten K. Coe, Jayne Belnap, Edmund E. Grote, Jed P. Sparks
2012, Physiologia Plantarum (144) 346-356
In arid regions, biomes particularly responsive to climate change, mosses play an important biogeochemical role as key components of biocrusts. Using the biocrust moss Syntrichia caninervis collected from the Nevada Desert Free Air CO2 Enrichment Facility, we examined the physiological effects of 10 years of exposure to elevated CO2, and...
Net trophic transfer efficiencies of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from its prey
Charles P. Madenjian, Solomon R. David, Richard R. Rediske, James P. O’Keefe
2012, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (31) 2821-2827
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were fed bloater (Coregonus hoyi) in eight laboratory tanks over a 135-d experiment. At the start of the experiment, four to nine fish in each tank were sacrificed, and the concentrations of 75 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners within these fish were determined. Polychlorinated biphenyl congener concentrations...
The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California
Art F. White, Marjorie S. Schulz, Davison V. Vivit, Tomas D. Bullen, John A. Fitzpatrick
2012, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (77) 62-85
Biotic/abiotic interactions between soil mineral nutrients and annual grassland vegetation are characterized for five soils in a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. A Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, controls the annual cycle of plant growth and litter decomposition, resulting in net above-ground productivities of...
Temporal trends in algae, benthic invertebrate, and fish assemblages in streams and rivers draining basins of varying land use in the south-central United States, 1993-2007
Matthew P. Miller, Jonathan G. Kennen, Jeffrey A. Mabe, Scott V. Mize
2012, Hydrobiologia (684) 15-33
Site-specific temporal trends in algae, benthic invertebrate, and fish assemblages were investigated in 15 streams and rivers draining basins of varying land use in the south-central United States from 1993–2007. A multivariate approach was used to identify sites with statistically significant trends in aquatic assemblages which were then tested for...
Spatial patterns of aquatic habitat richness in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, USA
Nathan R. De Jager, Jason J. Rohweder
2012, Ecological Indicators (13) 275-283
Interactions among hydrology and geomorphology create shifting mosaics of aquatic habitat patches in large river floodplains (e.g., main and side channels, floodplain lakes, and shallow backwater areas) and the connectivity among these habitat patches underpins high levels of biotic diversity and productivity. However, the diversity and connectivity among the habitats...
Influences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the timing of the North American spring
Gregory J. McCabe, Toby R. Ault, Benjamin I. Cook, Julio L. Betancourt, Mark D. Schwartz
2012, International Journal of Climatology (32) 2301-2310
Detrended, modelled first leaf dates for 856 sites across North America for the period 1900–2008 are used to examine how the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) separately and together might influence the timing of spring. Although spring (mean March through April) ENSO and PDO...
Geochemical modeling of changes in shallow groundwater chemistry observed during the MSU-ZERT CO2 injection experiment
Liange Zheng, J. A. Apps, N. Spycher, J. Birkholzer, Yousif K. Kharaka, James J. Thordsen, Sarah R. Beers, William N. Herkelrath, Evangelos Kakouros, Robert C. Trautz
2012, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (7) 202-217
A field experiment involving the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a shallow aquifer was conducted near Bozeman, Montana, during the summer of 2008, to investigate the potential groundwater quality impacts in the case of leakage of CO2 from deep geological storage. As an essential part...
Emergent sandbar construction for least terns on the Missouri River: Effects on forage fishes in shallow-water habitats
J. H. Stucker, D. A. Buhl, M. H. Sherfy
2012, River Research and Applications (28) 1254-1265
Emergent sandbars on the Missouri River are actively managed for two listed bird species, piping plovers and interior least terns. As a plunge-diving piscivore, endangered least terns rely on ready access to appropriately sized slender-bodied fish: <52 mm total length for adults and <34 mm total length for young chicks. As part...
Are all intertidal wetlands naturally created equal? Bottlenecks, thresholds and knowledge gaps to mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystems
Daniel A. Friess, Ken W. Krauss, Erik M. Horstman, Thorsten Balke, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Demis Galli, Edward L. Webb
2012, Biological Reviews (87) 346-366
Intertidal wetlands such as saltmarshes and mangroves provide numerous important ecological functions, though they are in rapid and global decline. To better conserve and restore these wetland ecosystems, we need an understanding of the fundamental natural bottlenecks and thresholds to their establishment and long-term ecological maintenance. Despite inhabiting similar intertidal...
Changes in diameter growth of Taxodium distichum in response to flow alterations in the Savannah River
M Palta Monica, Thomas W. Doyle, C. Rhett Jackson, L Judy Meyer Judy, R Sharitz Rebecca
2012, Wetlands (32) 59-71
Efforts to maximize or restore ecological function on floodplains impacted by dam construction have increasingly focused on river flow management. Few studies, however, consider floodplain hydrogeomorphic position and annual climatic variation in dam impact assessment. The Savannah River, a large river ecosystem in the Southeastern United States, was impounded in...
Recent summer precipitation trends in the Greater Horn of Africa and the emerging role of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature
A. Park Williams, Christopher C. Funk, Joel Michaelsen, Sara A. Rauscher, Iain Robertson, Tommy H. G. Wils, Marcin Koprowski, Zewdu Eshetu, Neil J. Loader
2012, Climate Dynamics (39) 2307-2328
We utilize a variety of climate datasets to examine impacts of two mechanisms on precipitation in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) during northern-hemisphere summer. First, surface-pressure gradients draw moist air toward the GHA from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Congo Basin. Variability of...
Fitting a structured juvenile-adult model for green tree frogs to population estimates from capture-mark-recapture field data
Azmy S. Ackleh, J. Carter, Keng Deng, Qihua Huang, Nabendu Pal, Xing Yang
2012, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology (74) 641-665
We derive point and interval estimates for an urban population of green tree frogs (Hyla cinerea) from capture–mark–recapture field data obtained during the years 2006–2009. We present an infinite-dimensional least-squares approach which compares a mathematical population model to the statistical population estimates obtained from the field data. The model is...
Programs for calibration‐based Monte Carlo simulation of recharge areas
J. Jeffrey Starn, Amvrossios C. Bagtzoglou
2012, Ground Water (50) 472-476
One use of groundwater flow models is to simulate contributing recharge areas to wells or springs. Particle tracking can be used to simulate these recharge areas, but in many cases the modeler is not sure how accurate these recharge areas are because parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and recharge have...
Effects of flow releases on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Indian and Hudson Rivers in the Adirondack Mountains of Northern New York
Barry P. Baldigo, A. J. Smith
2012, River Research and Applications (28) 858-871
The effects of flow releases (daily during spring and four times weekly during summer) from a small impoundment on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the lower Indian River and upper Hudson River of northern New York were assessed during the summers of 2005 and 2006. Community indices, feeding guilds, dominant species and...
A reevaluation of the Munson-Nygren-Retriever submarine landslide complex, Georges bank lower slope, western north Atlantic
Jason D. Chaytor, David C. Twichell, Uri S. ten Brink
2012, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research (31) 135-146
The Munson-Nygren-Retriever (MNR) landslide complex is a series of distinct submarine landslides located between Nygren and Powell canyons on the Georges Bank lower slope. These landslides were first imaged in 1978 using widely-spaced seismic reflection profiles and were further investigated using continuous coverage GLORIA sidescan imagery collected over the landslide...
Development and use of a floristic quality index for coastal Louisiana marshes
M Jenneke Visser Jenneke, Kari Cretini, Ken W. Krauss, Gregory D. Steyer
2012, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (184) 2389-2403
The Floristic Quality Index (FQI) has been used as a tool for assessing the integrity of plant communities and for assessing restoration projects in many regions of the USA. Here, we develop a modified FQI (FQImod) for coastal Louisiana wetlands and verify it using 12 years of monitoring data from...
Anthropogenic aerosols as a source of ancient dissolved organic matter in glaciers
Aron Stubbins, Eran Hood, Peter A. Raymond, George R. Aiken, Rachel L. Sleighter, Peter J. Hernes, David Butman, Patrick G. Hatcher, Robert G. Striegl, Paul F. Schuster, Hussain A.N. Abdulla, Andrew W. Vermilyea, Durelle T. Scott, Robert G.M. Spencer
2012, Nature Geoscience (5) 198-201
Glacier-derived dissolved organic matter represents a quantitatively significant source of ancient, yet highly bioavailable carbon to downstream ecosystems. This finding runs counter to logical perceptions of age–reactivity relationships, in which the least reactive material withstands degradation the longest and is therefore the oldest. The remnants of ancient peatlands and forests...
MODFLOW-style parameters in underdetermined parameter estimation
Marco D. D’Oria, Michael N. Fienen
2012, Groundwater (50) 149-153
In this article, we discuss the use of MODFLOW-Style parameters in the numerical codes MODFLOW_2005 and MODFLOW_2005-Adjoint for the definition of variables in the Layer Property Flow package. Parameters are a useful tool to represent aquifer properties in both codes and are the only option available in the adjoint version. Moreover, for overdetermined parameter...
Sensitivity analysis of the GEMS soil organic carbon model to land cover land use classification uncertainties under different climate scenarios in Senegal
A.M. Dieye, David P. Roy, N.P. Hanan, S. Liu, M. Hansen, A. Toure
2012, Biogeosciences (9) 631-648
Spatially explicit land cover land use (LCLU) change information is needed to drive biogeochemical models that simulate soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Such information is increasingly being mapped using remotely sensed satellite data with classification schemes and uncertainties constrained by the sensing system, classification algorithms and land cover schemes. In...
Numerical simulations examining the possible role of anthropogenic and volcanic emissions during the 1997 Indonesian fires
Melissa A. Pfeffer, Barbel Langmann, Angelika Heil, Hans-F. Graf
2012, Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health (5) 277-292
The regional atmospheric chemistry and climate model REMOTE has been used to conduct numerical simulations of the atmosphere during the catastrophic Indonesian fires of 1997. These simulations represent one possible scenario of the event, utilizing the RETRO wildland fire emission database. Emissions from the fires dominate the atmospheric concentrations of...
Canadian SAR remote sensing for the Terrestrial Wetland Global Change Research Network (TWGCRN)
Shannon Kaya, Brian Brisco, Andrew Cull, Alisa L. Gallant, Walter J. Sadinski, Dean Thompson
2012, Conference Paper, Remote Sensing and Hydrology (Proceedings of a symposium held at Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA, September 2010) (IAHS Publ. 352, 2012)
The Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) has more than 30 years of experience investigating the use of SAR remote sensing for many applications related to terrestrial water resources. Recently, CCRS scientists began contributing to the Terrestrial Wetland Global Change Research Network (TWGCRN), a bi-national research network dedicated to assessing...
