Current challenges using models to forecast seawater intrusion: lessons from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA
Ward E. Sanford, Jason P. Pope
2010, Hydrogeology Journal (18) 73-93
A three-dimensional model of the aquifer system of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA was calibrated to reproduce historical water levels and forecast the potential for saltwater intrusion. Future scenarios were simulated with two pumping schemes to predict potential areas of saltwater intrusion. Simulations suggest that only a few wells...
Diel behavior of rearing fall Chinook salmon
Kenneth F. Tiffan, Tobias J. Kock, Joseph J. Skalicky
2010, Northwestern Naturalist (91) 342-345
In fisheries science, habitat use is often inferred when fish are sampled or observed in a particular location. Physical habitat is typically measured where fish are found, and thus deemed important to habitat use. Although less common, a more informative approach is to measure or observe fish behavior within given...
Early invasion population structure of quagga mussel and associated benthic invertebrate community composition on soft sediment in a large reservoir
Marion E. Wittmann, Sudeep Chandra, Andrea Caires, Marianne Denton, Michael R. Rosen, Wai Hing Wong, Todd Teitjen, Kent Turner, Peggy Roefer, G. Chris Holdren
2010, Lake and Reservoir Management (26) 316-327
In 2007 an invasive dreissenid mussel species, Dreissena bugensis (quagga mussel), was discovered in Lake Mead reservoir (AZ–NV). Within 2 years, adult populations have spread throughout the lake and are not only colonizing hard substrates, but also establishing in soft sediments at depths ranging from 1 to >100 m. Dreissena...
New software methods in radar ornithology using WSR-88D weather data and potential application to monitoring effects of climate change on bird migration
Reginald Mead, John Paxton, Richard S. Sojda
David A. Swayne, Wanhong Yang, A.A. Voinov, A. Rizzoli, T. Filatova, editor(s)
2010, Conference Paper, 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software; Modelling for Environment's Sake, Fifth Biennial Meeting, Ottawa, Canada
Radar ornithology has provided tools for studying the movement of birds, especially related to migration. Researchers have presented qualitative evidence suggesting that birds, or at least migration events, can be identified using large broad scale radars such as the WSR-88D used in the NEXRAD weather surveillance system. This is potentially...
Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland
Steffanie H. Keefe, Joan S. Daniels, Robert L. Runkel, Roland D. Wass, Eric A. Stiles, Larry B. Barber
2010, Water Resources Research (46)
A series of tracer experiments were conducted biannually at the start and end of the vegetation growing season in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland located near Phoenix, AZ. Tracer experiments were conducted prior to and following reconfiguration and replanting of a 1.2 ha treatment wetland from its original design...
Orientation-independent, nongeometric-mean measures of seismic intensity from two horizontal components of motion
David M. Boore
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 1830-1835
New measures of spectral intensity based on the horizontal components of ground shaking are introduced. These new measures are independent of the in situ orientation of the recordings and encompass the full range of spectral amplitudes over all possible rotation angles. Unlike previously introduced measures that are also orientation independent,...
Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Yniv Palti, Scott A. Gahr, Maureen K. Purcell, Sima Hadidi, Caird E. Rexroad III, Gregory A. Wiens
2010, Developmental and Comparative Immunology (34) 219-233
Induction of the innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-viral defense but there is limited understanding of how teleost fish recognize viral molecules and activate these pathways. In mammals, Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 bind single-stranded RNA of viral origin and are activated by synthetic anti-viral imidazoquinoline compounds....
Relationship and variation of qPCR and culturable enterococci estimates in ambient surface waters are predictable
Richard L. Whitman, Zhongfu Ge, Meredith B. Nevers, Alexandria B. Boehm, Eunice C. Chern, Richard A. Haugland, Ashley M. Lukasik, Marirosa Molina, Kasia Przybyla-Kelly, Dawn A. Shively, Emily M. White, Richard G. Zepp, Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 5049-5054
The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method provides rapid estimates of fecal indicator bacteria densities that have been indicated to be useful in the assessment of water quality. Primarily because this method provides faster results than standard culture-based methods, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently considering its use as...
Gemstones
D.W. Olson
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 50-51
Information on the gemstones industry in 2009 is presented. Specifically, details on U.S. production of natural gemstones and laboratory-created, simulant, and treated gemstones; consumption and uses of gemstones; gemstone prices; imports and exports of gemstones; and the outlook for the sector are provided....
Tectonics of the Maryland Piedmont along the Potomac River; insight since 1960 and potential transfer to the Pennsylvania Piedmont
C. Scott Southworth
Donald U. Wise, Gary M. Fleeger, editor(s)
2010, Conference Paper, Tectonics of the Susquehanna Piedmont in Lancaster, Dauphin, and York Counties, Pa.: proceedings of a symposium associated with the 75th Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Lancaster, Pa., September 23, 2010
This is a summary of a half century of research in the Mary land Piedmont and how it may or may not have implications for the Piedmont of Pennsylvania. Much of the field mapping and all of the isotopic analyses of rocks and minerals of the Maryland Piedmont have been...
Nitrogen
L.E. Apodaca
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 65-66
Ammonia was produced by 13 companies at 23 plants in 16 states during 2009. Sixty percent of all U.S. ammonia production capacity was centered in Louisiana. Oklahoma and Texas because of those states' large reserves of natural gas, the dominant domestic feedstock. In 2009, U.S. producers operated at about 83...
Longitudinal structure in temperate stream fish communities: evaluating conceptual models with temporal data
James H. Roberts, Nathaniel P. Hitt
2010, Conference Paper, Community ecology of stream fishes : concepts, approaches, and techniques; American Fisheries Symposium 73
Five conceptual models of longitudinal fish community organization in streams were examined: (1) niche diversity model (NDM), (2) stream continuum model (SCM), (3) immigrant accessibility model (IAM), (4) environmental stability model (ESM), and (5) adventitious stream model (ASM). We used differences among models in their predictions about temporal species turnover,...
Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA
Marianne Guffanti, David J. Schneider, Kristi L. Wallace, Tony Hall, Dov R. Bensimon, Leonard J. Salinas
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (115)
The extensive volcanic cloud from Kasatochi's 2008 eruption caused widespread disruptions to aviation operations along Pacific oceanic, Canadian, and U.S. air routes. Based on aviation hazard warnings issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Meteorological Service of Canada, air carriers largely...
Correction for the 17O interference in δ(13C) measurements when analyzing CO2 with stable isotope mass spectrometry
Willi A. Brand, Sergey S. Assonov, Tyler B. Coplen
2010, Pure and Applied Chemistry (82) 1719-1733
Measurements of δ(13C) determined on CO2 with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) must be corrected for the amount of 17O in the CO2. For data consistency, this must be done using identical methods by different laboratories. This report aims at unifying data treatment for CO2 IRMS by proposing (i) a...
Effect of clay content and mineralogy on frictional sliding behavior of simulated gouges: binary and ternary mixtures of quartz, illite, and montmorillonite
Sheryl Tembe, David A. Lockner, Teng-Fong Wong
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115)
We investigated the frictional sliding behavior of simulated quartz-clay gouges under stress conditions relevant to seismogenic depths. Conventional triaxial compression tests were conducted at 40 MPa effective normal stress on saturated saw cut samples containing binary and ternary mixtures of quartz, montmorillonite, and illite. In all cases, frictional strengths of...
Industrial sand and gravel
T.P. Dolley
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 56-56
Domestic production of industrial sand and gravel in 2009 was about 27 Mt (30 million st), declining by 10 percent compared with 2008. Certain end uses of industrial sand and gravel, such as foundry and glassmaking sand, may have declined by a factor greater than 10 percent in 2009. U.S....
Conodont biostratigraphy of a more complete Reef Trail Member section near the type section, latest Guadalupian Series type region
Bruce R. Wardlaw, L.L. Lambert, G.L. Bell Jr., J.A. Fronimos, M.O. Yisa
2010, Micropaleontology (56) 233-253
The original type section of the Reef Trail Member (uppermost part of the Bell Canyon Formation) is called the Park Boundary Section, and is less than satisfactory in several aspects. We propose a new reference section designated Reef Trail Reference section 1 (RTR1) on the same hill as the original...
Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers
D. Kip Solomon, David P. Genereux, Niel Plummer, Eurybiades Busenberg
2010, Water Resources Research (46)
We tested three models of mixing between old interbasin groundwater flow (IGF) and young, locally derived groundwater in a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica using a large suite of environmental tracers. We focus on the young fraction of water using the transient tracers CFC‐11, CFC‐12, CFC‐113, SF6, 3H, and bomb 14C....
Chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn in stormwater, roadway dust and stormwater pond sediments
Kimberly M. Camponelli, Steven M. Lev, Joel W. Snodgrass, Edward R. Landa, Ryan E. Casey
2010, Environmental Pollution (158) 2143-2149
This study evaluated the chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn from source to deposition in a stormwater system. Cu and Zn concentrations and chemical fractionation were determined for roadway dust, roadway runoff and pond sediments. Stormwater Cu and Zn concentrations were used to generate cumulative frequency distributions to characterize potential...
Dioszegia antarctica sp. nov. and Dioszegia cryoxerica sp. nov., psychrophilic basidiomycetous yeasts from polar desert soils in Antarctica
Russell J. Rodriguez, L. Connell, R. Redman, A. Barrett, M. Iszard, A. Fonseca
2010, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (60) 1466-1472
During a survey of the culturable soil fungal population in samples collected in Taylor Valley, South Victoria Land, Antarctica, 13 basidiomycetous yeast strains with orange-coloured colonies were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial LSU rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains belong to the Dioszegia clade...
Mineral resource of the month: cesium
Marc A. Angulo
2010, Earth (55) 29-29
The article offers information on cesium, a golden alkali metal derived from the Latin word caesium which means bluish gray. It mentions that cesium is the first element discovered with the use of spectroscopy. It adds that the leading producer and supplier of cesium is Canada and there are 50,000...
Predicting future changes in Muskegon River Watershed game fish distributions under future land cover alteration and climate change scenarios
Paul J. Steen, Michael J. Wiley, Jeffrey S. Schaeffer
2010, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (139) 396-412
Future alterations in land cover and climate are likely to cause substantial changes in the ranges of fish species. Predictive distribution models are an important tool for assessing the probability that these changes will cause increases or decreases in or the extirpation of species. Classification tree models that predict the...
New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago
Forest Starr, Kim Starr, Lloyd L. Loope
Neal L. Evenhuis, Lucius G. Eldredge, editor(s)
2010, Bishop Museum Occasional Papers: Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2008 (107) 61-68
The following contributions include 19 new plant records for the islands of Kure Atoll (1), Midway Atoll (7), Lāna‘i (9), Kaho‘olawe (1), and Maui (1). The records are comprised of one new state record and 18 new island records. All but one of the records are non-natives. Images of most...
Carbonate control of H2 and CH4 production in serpentinization systems at elevated P-Ts
L. Camille Jones, Robert Rosenbauer, Jonas I. Goldsmith, Christopher Oze
2010, Geophysical Research Letters (37)
Serpentinization of forsteritic olivine results in the inorganic synthesis of molecular hydrogen (H2) in ultramafic hydrothermal systems (e.g., mid-ocean ridge and forearc environments). Inorganic carbon in those hydrothermal systems may react with H2 to produce methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbons or react with dissolved metal ions to form carbonate minerals....
A procedure for radiometric recalibration of Landsat 5 TM reflective-band data
G. Chander, M.O. Haque, E. Micijevic, J. A. Barsi
2010, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (48) 556-574
From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has been benefiting from a historical record of remotely sensed data. The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone for this extensive archive. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure...
