Perlite
W.P. Bolen
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 67-67
Consumption, imports and domestic production of perlite in the United States continued to be severely affected by the multi-year downturn in construction activity and decreased consumer spending. The estimated amount of processed perlite sold or used from U.S. mines in 2009 fell to 380 kt (418,000 st), the lowest amount...
Predicting future changes in Muskegon River Watershed game fish distributions under future land cover alteration and climate change scenarios
Paul J. Steen, Michael J. Wiley, Jeffrey S. Schaeffer
2010, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (139) 396-412
Future alterations in land cover and climate are likely to cause substantial changes in the ranges of fish species. Predictive distribution models are an important tool for assessing the probability that these changes will cause increases or decreases in or the extirpation of species. Classification tree models that predict the...
Orientation-independent, nongeometric-mean measures of seismic intensity from two horizontal components of motion
David M. Boore
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 1830-1835
New measures of spectral intensity based on the horizontal components of ground shaking are introduced. These new measures are independent of the in situ orientation of the recordings and encompass the full range of spectral amplitudes over all possible rotation angles. Unlike previously introduced measures that are also orientation independent,...
A procedure for radiometric recalibration of Landsat 5 TM reflective-band data
G. Chander, M.O. Haque, E. Micijevic, J. A. Barsi
2010, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (48) 556-574
From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has been benefiting from a historical record of remotely sensed data. The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone for this extensive archive. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure...
Current challenges using models to forecast seawater intrusion: lessons from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA
Ward E. Sanford, Jason P. Pope
2010, Hydrogeology Journal (18) 73-93
A three-dimensional model of the aquifer system of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA was calibrated to reproduce historical water levels and forecast the potential for saltwater intrusion. Future scenarios were simulated with two pumping schemes to predict potential areas of saltwater intrusion. Simulations suggest that only a few wells...
Diet of lake trout and burbot in northern Lake Michigan during spring: Evidence of ecological interaction
Gregory R. Jacobs, Charles P. Madenjian, David B. Bunnell, Jeffrey D. Holuszko
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 312-317
We used analyses of burbot (Lota lota) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) diets taken during spring gill-net surveys in northern Lake Michigan in 2006-2008 to investigate the potential for competition and predator-prey interactions between these two species. We also compared our results to historical data from 1932. During 2006-2008, lake...
Introduction to special section on phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor
Joan Gomberg
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (115)
This paper introduces the special section on the "phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor" by highlighting key results of the studies published in it. Many of the results indicate that seismic and aseismic manifestations of slow slip reflect transient shear displacements on the plate...
Cladophora in the Great Lakes: Impacts on beach water quality and human health
M.P. Verhougstraete, Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli, J.B. Rose, Richard L. Whitman
2010, Water Science and Technology (62) 68-76
Cladophora in the Great Lakes grows rapidly during the warm summer months, detaches, and becomes free-floating mats as a result of environmental conditions, eventually becoming stranded on recreational beaches. Cladophora provides protection and nutrients, which allow enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, enterococci, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella to persist and...
Aftershocks are well aligned with the background stress field, contradicting the hypothesis of highly-heterogeneous crustal stress
Jeanne L. Hardebeck
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115)
It has been proposed that the crustal stress field contains small-length-scale heterogeneity of much larger amplitude than the uniform background stress. This model predicts that earthquake focal mechanisms should reflect the loading stress rather than the uniform background stress. So, if the heterogeneous stress hypothesis is correct, focal mechanisms before...
Effects of soil aggregates on debris-flow mobilization: Results from ring-shear experiments
Neal R. Iverson, Janet E. Mann, Richard M. Iverson
2010, Engineering Geology (114) 84-92
Rates and styles of landslide motion are sensitive to pore-water pressure changes caused by changes in soil porosity accompanying shear deformation. Soil may either contract or dilate upon shearing, depending upon whether its initial porosity is greater or less, respectively, than a critical-state porosity attained after sufficiently high strain. We...
Inelastic off-fault response and three-dimensional dynamics of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault
D.J. Andrews, Shuo Ma
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115) B04304
Large dynamic stress off the fault incurs an inelastic response and energy loss, which contributes to the fracture energy, limiting the rupture and slip velocity. Using an explicit finite element method, we model three-dimensional dynamic ruptures on a vertical strike-slip fault in a homogeneous half-space. The material is subjected to...
Infrasonic harmonic tremor and degassing bursts from Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
David Fee, Milton Garces, Matt Patrick, Bernard Chouet, Phil Dawson, Donald A. Swanson
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (115)
The formation, evolution, collapse, and subsequent resurrection of a vent within Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, produced energetic and varied degassing signals recorded by a nearby infrasound array between 2008 and early 2009. After 25 years of quiescence, a vent-clearing explosive burst on 19 March 2008 produced a clear, complex acoustic...
Genetic diversity of lake whitefish in lakes Michigan and Huron: sampling, standardization, and research priorities
Wendylee Stott, Justin A. VanDeHey, Brian L. Sloss
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 59-65
We combined data from two laboratories to increase the spatial extent of a genetic data set for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis from lakes Huron and Michigan and saw that genetic diversity was greatest between lakes, but that there was also structuring within lakes. Low diversity among stocks may be a...
Genetic structure and diversity among brook trout from Isle Royale, Lake Nipigon, and three Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior
Wendylee Stott, Henry R. Quinlan, Owen T. Gorman, Tim L. King
2010, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (30) 400-411
Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from Isle Royale, Michigan, three Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior, and Lake Nipigon in Ontario were analyzed for genetic variation at 12 microsatellite DNA loci. Analysis of molecular variance, genetic distance measures, and cluster analysis were used to examine the diversity, gene flow, and relatedness among...
Fault zone structure from topography: signatures of en echelon fault slip at Mustang Ridge on the San Andreas Fault, Monterey County, California
Stephen B. DeLong, George E. Hilley, Michael J. Rymer, Carol Prentice
2010, Tectonics (29)
We used high-resolution topography to quantify the spatial distribution of scarps, linear valleys, topographic sinks, and oversteepened stream channels formed along an extensional step over on the San Andreas Fault (SAF) at Mustang Ridge, California. This location provides detail of both creeping fault landform development and complex fault zone kinematics....
Interdisciplinary studies of eruption at Chaitén volcano, Chile
John S. Pallister, Jon J. Major, Thomas C. Pierson, Richard P. Holitt, Jacob B. Lowenstern, John C. Eichelberger, Lara Luis, Hugo Moreno, Jorge Muñoz, Jonathan M. Castro, Andrés Iroumé, Andrea Andreoli, Julia Jones, Fred Swanson, Charlie Crisafulli
2010, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (91) 381
High-silica rhyolite magma fuels Earth's largest and most explosive eruptions. Recurrence intervals for such highly explosive eruptions are in the 100- to 100,000-year time range, and there have been few direct observations of such eruptions and their immediate impacts. Consequently, there was keen interest within the volcanology community when the...
Lake trout population dynamics in the Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan: Implications for future rehabilitation
Charles P. Madenjiana, Timothy J. Desorcie
2010, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (30) 629-641
The Northern Refuge was established in 1985 as part of the lake trout Salvelinus namaycush rehabilitation effort for Lake Michigan. To evaluate progress toward lake trout rehabilitation in the Northern Refuge, we conducted annual (1991–2008) gill-net surveys in the fall to assess the adult population and beam trawl surveys in...
Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO2 consumption by mineral weathering
David W. Clow, M. Alisa Mast
2010, Chemical Geology (269) 40-51
Concentrations of weathering products in streams often show relatively little variation compared to changes in discharge, both at event and annual scales. In this study, several hypothesized mechanisms for this “chemostatic behavior” were evaluated, and the potential for those mechanisms to influence relations between climate, weathering fluxes, and CO2 consumption...
Diet shift of double-crested cormorants in eastern Lake Ontario associated with the expansion of the invasive round goby
James H. Johnson, Robert M. Ross, Russell D. McCullough, Alastair Mathers
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 242-247
The proliferation of the invasive round goby (Apollonia melanostoma) in the Great Lakes has caused shifts in the trophic ecology in some areas. We examined the diet of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritas) prior to, and immediately after, round goby population expansion at two colonies, Pigeon and Snake Islands, in eastern...
Linking non-culturable (qPCR) and culturable enterococci densities with hydrometeorological conditions
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli, Richard L. Whitman, Dawn A. Shively, Meredith B. Nevers
2010, Science of the Total Environment (408) 3096-3101
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) measurement of enterococci has been proposed as a rapid technique for assessment of beach water quality, but the response of qPCR results to environmental conditions has not been fully explored. Culture-based E. coli and enterococci have been used in empirical predictive models to characterize their...
Lakewide estimates of alewife biomass and Chinook salmon abundance and consumption in Lake Ontario, 1989–2005: implications for prey fish sustainability
Brent A. Murry, Michael J. Connerton, Robert O’Gorman, Donald J. Stewart, Neil H. Ringlerd
2010, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (139) 223-240
Stocking levels of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for Lake Ontario have been highly controversial since the early 1990s, largely because of uncertainties about lakewide abundance and rates of prey consumption. Previous estimates have focused on years before 1995; since then, however, the Lake Ontario ecosystem has undergone substantial changes, and...
Migratory salmonid redd habitat characteristics in the Salmon River, New York
James H. Johnson, Christopher C. Nack, James E. McKenna Jr.
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 387-392
Non-native migratory salmonids ascend tributaries to spawn in all the Great Lakes. In Lake Ontario, these species include Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), steelhead (O. mykiss), and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Although successful natural reproduction has been documented for many of these species, little research has been...
Long-term trends in habitat use of offshore demersal fishes in western Lake Huron suggest large-scale ecosystem change
Stephen C. Riley, Jean V. Adams
2010, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (139) 1322-1334
We estimated mean depths of capture for offshore demersal fish species, grouped into three habitat-based guilds (shallow benthic, pelagic, and deep benthic), using fall bottom trawl data (27–73 m) in the western main basin of Lake Huron from 1976 to 2007. The mean depth of capture of the shallow and...
Method for calculating self-noise spectra and operating ranges for seismographic inertial sensors and recorders
John R. Evans, F. Followill, Charles R. Hutt, R.P. Kromer, R.L. Nigbor, A. T. Ringler, J.M. Steim, E. Wielandt
2010, Seismological Research Letters (81) 640-646
Understanding the performance of sensors and recorders is prerequisite to making appropriate use of them in seismology and earthquake engineering. This paper explores a critical aspect of instrument performance, the “self” noise level of the device and the amplitude range it can usefully record. Self noise limits the smallest signals,...
Georeferencing the Large-Scale Aerial Photographs of a Great Lakes Coastal Wetland: A Modified Photogrammetric Method
Kurt P. Kowalski, Joel L. Grapentine
2010, Wetlands (30) 369-374
The geocontrol template method was developed to georeference multiple, overlapping analog aerial photographs without reliance upon conventionally obtained horizontal ground control. The method was tested as part of a long-term wetland habitat restoration project at a Lake Erie coastal wetland complex in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ottawa National...
